PinkMelon: Cleaning up accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

2023-10-02T12:06:27Z

Cleaning up accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 2 October 2023
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	~~{{AFC submission/draft}}~~
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	'''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' or '''Chakravarti Farmad''' ([[7th century]]) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to [[Islam]] and possibly only [[companions of the Prophet\|companion of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] from [[India]]. It is one of the well-known [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]].		'''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' or '''Chakravarti Farmad''' ([[7th century]]) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to [[Islam]] and possibly only [[companions of the Prophet\|companion of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] from [[India]]. It is one of the well-known [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]].

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	[[Category:Indian Muslims]]		[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

	~~{{AfC submission\|\|\|ts=20230906211350\|u=Sharif Ibn Farid\|ns=118}}~~

PinkMelon: PinkMelon moved page Draft:Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin to Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin: Publishing accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

2023-10-02T12:06:23Z

PinkMelon moved page Draft:Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin to Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin: Publishing accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

← Older revision	Revision as of 17:36, 2 October 2023
(No difference)

Sharif Ibn Farid at 15:44, 6 September 2023

2023-09-06T15:44:35Z

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	'''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' ([[7th century]]) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to [[Islam]] and possibly only [[companions of the Prophet\|companion of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] from [[India]]. It is one of the well-known [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]].		'''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' or '''Chakravarti Farmad''' ([[7th century]]) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to [[Islam]] and possibly only [[companions of the Prophet\|companion of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] from [[India]]. It is one of the well-known [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]].

	== The story of Thajuddin ==		== The story of Thajuddin ==

Sharif Ibn Farid at 15:43, 6 September 2023

2023-09-06T15:43:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 6 September 2023
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	[[Category:Indian Muslims]]		[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

			{{AfC submission\|\|\|ts=20230906211350\|u=Sharif Ibn Farid\|ns=118}}

Sharif Ibn Farid: Created page with "{{AFC submission/draft}} '''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' (7th century) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to Islam and possibly only companion of the Prophet Muhammad from India. It is one of the well-known Legend of Cheraman Perumals. == The story of Thajuddin == According to the Cheraman Juma Mosque:{{cite book |last1=Sadasivan |firs..."

2023-09-06T15:43:25Z

Created page with "{{AFC submission/draft}}  '''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' (7th century) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to Islam and possibly only companion of the Prophet Muhammad from India. It is one of the well-known Legend of Cheraman Perumals. == The story of Thajuddin == According to the Cheraman Juma Mosque:<ref name="ashi">{{cite book |last1=Sadasivan |firs..."

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{{AFC submission/draft}}

'''Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin''', previously '''Ravi Varma''' ([[7th century]]) was said to be the first Hindu to convert to [[Islam]] and possibly only [[companions of the Prophet|companion of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] from [[India]]. It is one of the well-known [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]].

== The story of Thajuddin ==
According to the [[Cheraman Juma Mosque]]:<ref name="ashi">{{cite book |last1=Sadasivan |first1=S. N. |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |page=306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&q=cheraman+islam&pg=PA306 |accessdate=16 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="INS">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Satish |title=India's National Security: Annual Review 2009 |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-70491-8 |page=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-esAgAAQBAJ&q=cheraman+tajuddeen+malik+dinar&pg=PA346 |accessdate=16 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="iiip">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Dr Y. P. |title=Islam in India and Pakistan - A Religious History |date=2016 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-85505-63-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbqfCwAAQBAJ&q=ravi+varma+cheraman&pg=PT69 |accessdate=20 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> "Once, a [[Tamils|Tamil]] king named Cheraman Perumal, possibly named Ravi Varma, was walking with one of his favored queens for a late-night stroll in the palace garden where he lived with her.<ref name="iiip"/> It was during this stroll that he witnessed the splitting of the moon. However, no one else in the palace or the rest of the Indian subcontinent saw this remarkable event. Shocked by the splitting of the full moon, which occurred many years before Muslims' migration to [[Medina]], Cheraman hurried back to the capital of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera Kingdom]]. He wanted to consult his chain of Hindu astronomers, known as [[Siddhar|Siddhars]], to determine the exact time of this lunar phenomenon. According to the Hindu mathematical system, the astronomers should have been able to forecast the lunar eclipse. Nevertheless, the precise astronomical date and time of this event remain uncertain. Therefore, when some Arab merchants from the [[Quraysh|Banu Quraysh]] tribe visited Cheraman's palace for unknown reasons, he took the opportunity to inquire about this incident that should have occurred in the Eastern sky. The Hindu astronomers should have been able to calculate the exact time and coordinates of this astronomical event. At their request, the King embarked on a pilgrimage to pray at the temple of the Arabian Moon-god [[Hubal]] and the Shrine of Quraysh idols in Mecca. During his visit to the [[Kaaba]], Cheraman had the opportunity to meet the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and gifted ginger pickles for the Messenger of Allah and his companions. He conversed with Muhammad in Arabic, and it was during this encounter that [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilal]], a companion of Muhammad, guided Cheraman to convert to Islam. As a result, Muhammad bestowed upon him the name '''[[Tajuddin]]''', '''Thajuddin''', or '''Thiya-aj-Addan''', which means "crown of faith" thus, becoming the first [[Islam in India|Indian Muslim]]".<ref name="ashi"/><ref name="INS"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ampotti |first1=A. K. |title=Glimpses of Islam in Kerala |date=2004 |publisher=Kerala Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0QwAAAAYAAJ|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Varghese |first1=Theresa |title=Stark World Kerala |date=2006 |publisher=Stark World Pub. |isbn=9788190250511 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDhuAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Satish |title=India's National Security: Annual Review 2009 |date=27 February 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-esAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA346|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70491-8|page=346}}</ref> The king then remained in the services of Muslims. Nearly 120 years later his letters arrived to his kingdom in Kerala. Then Malik Deenar(748 CE) was preaching Islam and Kerala Hindu kingdom slowly followed the teachings of [[Malik bin Deenar]].<ref name="INS"/><ref name="sochistory">{{Citation|last = S.N. | first = Sadasivan | title = A Social History of India | publisher = APH Publishing |date=Jan 2000 | chapter = Caste Invades Kerala | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&q=cheraman+perumal&pg=PA306 | page = 303,304,305 | isbn = 817648170X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohammed |first1=U. |title=Educational Empowerment of Kerala Muslims: A Socio-historical Perspective |date=2007 |publisher=Other Books |isbn=978-81-903887-3-3 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCBdogPnnqsC&q=cheraman+tajuddeen&pg=PA20 |accessdate=16 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> [[Al-Tabari]] of the 9th century in his Firdousul Hikma and [[Ferishta]] in his Tarikh Ferishta agree with this.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Samad |first1=M. Abdul |title=Islam in Kerala: Groups and Movements in the 20th Century |date=1998 |publisher=Laurel Publications |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CLjAAAAMAAJ&q=tabari+cheraman |accessdate=21 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kurup |first1=K. K. N. |last2=Ismail |first2=E. |last3=India) |first3=Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies (Calcutta |title=Emergence of Islam in Kerala in 20th century |date=2008 |publisher=Standard Publishers (India) |isbn=9788187471462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzQKAQAAMAAJ&q=tabari+cheraman |accessdate=21 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

This story is found in a Muslim account recorded by Sheikh Zeinuddin. The story has been retold countless times by the Portuguese, Dutch; the court chronicles of Calicut and Cochin begin with this narrative.{{cn|date=April 2023}} According to the Legend of the Cheraman Perumal Mosque, the first Indian mosque was built in 508-68 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who left from [[Dharmadom]] to [[Mecca]] and converted to [[Islam]] during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], [[Madayi]], [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayani]], and [[Chaliyam]], were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref>

The story goes that Cheraman Perumal arrived in Arabia with a gift of ginger pickles for [[Muhammad]] and his companions<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/406092|title=The Kerala king who embraced Islam|date=2012-02-09|work=Arab News|access-date=2018-11-15|language=en}}</ref> and converted to Islam "at the feet of Prophet Muhammad".<ref name="treasure">{{Cite news|url=https://madrascourier.com/insight/the-syncretic-treasure-of-indias-oldest-mosque/|title=The Syncretic Treasure of India's Oldest Mosque {{!}} Madras Courier|date=2017-05-26|work=Madras Courier|access-date=2018-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref>

According to historian [[M. G. S. Narayanan|M.G.S. Narayanan]], "there is no reason to reject the tradition that the last Chera king embraced Islam and went to [[Mecca]], since it finds its place not only in Muslim chronicles, but also in Hindu brahmanical chronicles like the ''[[Keralolpathi|Keralolpatti]]'', which need not be expected to concoct such a tale which in no way enhances the prestige of the Brahmins or Hindu population."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Perumals of Kerala: Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cēra Perumals of Makotai (c. 800 A.D.-1124 A.D.)|last=M. G. S.|first=Narayanan|publisher=Xavier Press|year=1996|isbn=|location=Kerala (India)|pages=65}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA24|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles|last=Raṇṭattāṇi|first=Husain|date=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=9788190388788|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=താൾ:Keralolpatti The origin of Malabar 1868.djvu/30 - വിക്കിഗ്രന്ഥശാല |publisher=[Wikisource]] Malayam |url=https://ml.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE:Keralolpatti_The_origin_of_Malabar_1868.djvu/30 |access-date=4 September 2023 |language=ml|quote=
കളവൂതും ചെയ്തു“ഇനി മേലിൽ ബൌദ്ധന്മാർ വന്നു വിവാദിക്കുമ്പോൾ, വാദിച്ചുകൊണ്ടാലും എന്നെ രാജാവു പറയാവു, പിന്നെ വേദാന്തിയോട് അവരെ ശിക്ഷിച്ചു കളയാവു എന്നെ”പിന്നെ വാണ പെരുമാളെക്കൊണ്ടു സമയം ചെയ്യിപ്പിച്ചു, മാർഗ്ഗം പുക്ക പെരുമാൾക്ക് വസ്തുവും തിരിച്ചു കൊടുത്തു, വേറേ ആക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. “ബൌദ്ധശാസ്ത്രം ഞാൻ അനുസരിക്കകൊണ്ടു എനിക്ക് മറ്റൊന്നിങ്കലും നിവൃത്തി ഇല്ല എന്നു കല്പിച്ചു, അപ്പെരുമാൾ ആസ്ഥാനത്തെ മറ്റൊരുത്തരെ വാഴിച്ചു, ഇങ്ങനെ നാലു സംവത്സരം നാടു പരിപാലിച്ചു, മക്കത്തിന്നു തന്നെ പോകയും ചെയ്തു. ബൌദ്ധന്മാർ ചേരമാൻ പെരുമാള മക്കത്തിന്നത്രെ പോയി, സ്വർഗ്ഗത്തിന്നല്ല എന്നു പറയുന്നു. അതു ചേരമാൻ പെരുമാളല്ല; പള്ളിബാണപെരുമാളത്രെ; കേരളരാജാവു ചേരമാൻ പെരുമാൾ സ്വർഗ്ഗത്തിന്നത്രെ പോയതു. ശേഷം നാലു പെരുമാക്കൾ വാഴ്ച കഴിഞ്ഞ് അഞ്ചാമത് വാണ പെരുമാൾ ചേരമാൻ പെരുമാൾ. (Kalavut also did "Now when the Buddhists come and argue, even if they argue, the king will tell me, then I will punish them with Vedanti and get rid of me." "I was told that I had no fulfillment in anything else because I obeyed the philosophy. Apperumal ruled over another person in the headquarters. He took care of the country for four years and went to Makkah himself. Buddhists say Cheraman Perumala went to Mecca and not to heaven. It is not Cheraman Perumal; Pallibanaperumalatre; Kerala king Cheraman Perumal went to heaven. After the reign of four Perumas, the fifth Vana Perumal Cheraman Perumal.) }}</ref>

But [[S. N. Sadasivan]], in his book ''A Social History of India'', argues that it was the king of Maldives, [[Dhovemi of the Maldives|Kalimanja]], who converted to [[Islam]]. Mali, which was known to seafarers then, might have been misunderstood as Malabar (Kerala) and this might have given rise to the tale of Tajuddeen in the [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] Gazetteer.<ref name="sochistory" />
===Cultural depictions===
A malayam film was set to be made depicting the life of Cheraman Perumal Tajuddeen starring Malayam film actor [[Mammootty]] as Tajuddin.<ref name=b>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/mammootty-to-star-in-film-on-kerala-ruler-cheraman-perumal/ | title=Mammootty to star in film on Kerala ruler Cheraman Perumal. | publisher=Bollywoodlife.com | accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mammootty to star in film on Kerala ruler Cheraman Perumal |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mammootty-to-star-in-film-on-kerala-ruler-cheraman-perumal-114033100493_1.html |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=31 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mammootty as Cheraman Perumal? |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-as-cheraman-perumal/articleshow/32962852.cms |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 March 2014}}</ref> India and Qatar was said to jointly co-produce the film.<ref name=b/> In the opening of the 2019 Malayam film [[Mamangam (film)|Mamangam]], one narrator was portrayed describing the story of Cheraman perumal's conversion to Islam and journey to [[Mecca]] to a Brittish gentleman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mamangam (2019) Movie Script {{!}} Subs like Script |url=https://subslikescript.com/movie/Mamangam-7537738 |website=subslikescript.com |access-date=4 September 2023 |quote=Dialogue (2min 55sec - 3 min 10 sec(: After Chereman Perumal embraced Islam and left for Mecca, [[Kingdom of Valluvanad|Vellattiri]] had the rights of conducting Mamangam}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin - Revision history

PinkMelon: Cleaning up accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

PinkMelon: PinkMelon moved page Draft:Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin to Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin: Publishing accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)

Sharif Ibn Farid at 15:44, 6 September 2023

Sharif Ibn Farid at 15:43, 6 September 2023