Cheer pheasant - Revision history

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	* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}		* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}
	* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']		* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']
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	[[Category:Birds of India]]		[[Category:Birds of India]]


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	* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}		* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}
	* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']		* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']

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	The '''cheer pheasant''' (''Catreus wallichii'') also known as '''Wallich's pheasant''' (in [[Nepal]]: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a [[vulnerable species]] of the [[pheasant]] family, [[Phasianidae]]. It is the only member of the [[genus]] ''Catreus''.		The '''cheer pheasant''' (''Catreus wallichii'') also known as '''Wallich's pheasant''' (in [[Nepal]]: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a [[vulnerable species]] of the [[pheasant]] family, [[Phasianidae]]. It is the only member of the [[genus]] ''Catreus''.

	The [[species]] was named as ''Phasianus wallichi'' by the [[English people\|English]] [[Zoology\|zoologist]] [[Thomas Hardwicke]] in 1827; he named it after the [[Denmark\|Danish]] [[botanist]] [[Nathaniel Wallich]]. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English [[ornithologist]] [[John Gould]].<ref name="beebe">{{cite book \| last =Beebe \| first =William \| title =A monograph of the pheasants \| publisher =Witherby & Co. \| location =London \| year =1918 \|volume=3 \|pages=~~49-66~~ \| isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107684#page/93/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref>		The [[species]] was named as ''Phasianus wallichi'' by the [[English people\|English]] [[Zoology\|zoologist]] [[Thomas Hardwicke]] in 1827; he named it after the [[Denmark\|Danish]] [[botanist]] [[Nathaniel Wallich]]. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English [[ornithologist]] [[John Gould]].<ref name="beebe">{{cite book \| last =Beebe \| first =William \| title =A monograph of the pheasants \| publisher =Witherby & Co. \| location =London \| year =1918 \|volume=3 \|pages=49–66 \| isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107684#page/93/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref>

	==Description==		==Description==
	The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most [[pheasant]]s. The male has a [[brown]]ish [[yellow]] [[Feather\|plumage]] with black [[:wikt:marking\|markings]] and a long gray [[crest]]; the [[skin]] of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown,<ref name="gbwf">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html \|title=Cheer Pheasant, Catreus wallichi \|publisher=gbwf.org ~~\|format=~~ \|work= \|accessdate=18 June 2013 \|archive-date=3 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003083726/http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.<ref name="beebe1">{{cite book \| last =Beebe \| first =William \| title =A monograph of the pheasants \| publisher =Witherby & Co. \| location =London \| year =1918 \|volume=1 \|pages=XXVII \| isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34629314#page/43/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref>		The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most [[pheasant]]s. The male has a [[brown]]ish [[yellow]] [[Feather\|plumage]] with black [[:wikt:marking\|markings]] and a long gray [[crest]]; the [[skin]] of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown,<ref name="gbwf">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html \|title=Cheer Pheasant, Catreus wallichi \|publisher=gbwf.org \|work= \|accessdate=18 June 2013 \|archive-date=3 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003083726/http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.<ref name="beebe1">{{cite book \| last =Beebe \| first =William \| title =A monograph of the pheasants \| publisher =Witherby & Co. \| location =London \| year =1918 \|volume=1 \|pages=XXVII \| isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34629314#page/43/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref>

	The female is smaller than the male, somewhat [[:wikt:dull\|dull]]er in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red [[Face\|facial]] skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s [[:en:wikt:spur\|spurs]].<ref name="gbwf" />		The female is smaller than the male, somewhat [[:wikt:dull\|dull]]er in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red [[Face\|facial]] skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s [[:en:wikt:spur\|spurs]].<ref name="gbwf" />
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	[[File:Catreus wallichii.jpg\|thumb\|Cheer pheasant pair from Himalaya, India]]		[[File:Catreus wallichii.jpg\|thumb\|Cheer pheasant pair from Himalaya, India]]
	==Biology and social behaviour==		==Biology and social behaviour==
	These pheasants tend to be fairly [[:en:wikt:gregarious\|gregarious]] (traveling in groups) for much of the year, with groups of five to fifteen birds, but form [[Monogamy\|monogamous]] pairs during the [[:wikt:breed\|breeding]] season from late April to June.<ref name="pakistan">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/Cheer_Pheasant.htm \|title=Cheer Pheasant \|work=Pheasants of Pakistan \|publisher=Wildlife of Pakistan \|accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref> They breed on steep [[cliff]]s during summer and the number of [[Cleidoic egg\|eggs]] in a [[nest]] is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.<ref name="baker">{{cite journal\|url= \|last=Baker \|first=E.C. Stuart \|format= \|title=The game birds of India, Burmay and Ceylon. Part XXV \|journal=J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. \|year=1918 \|volume=26 \|issue=1 \|pages=~~1-5~~ \|location=Bombay \|accessdate=18 June 2013\|issn=}} Available on line in [https://archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn26bomb#page/n52/mode/1up Internet Archive]</ref>		These pheasants tend to be fairly [[:en:wikt:gregarious\|gregarious]] (traveling in groups) for much of the year, with groups of five to fifteen birds, but form [[Monogamy\|monogamous]] pairs during the [[:wikt:breed\|breeding]] season from late April to June.<ref name="pakistan">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/Cheer_Pheasant.htm \|title=Cheer Pheasant \|work=Pheasants of Pakistan \|publisher=Wildlife of Pakistan \|accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref> They breed on steep [[cliff]]s during summer and the number of [[Cleidoic egg\|eggs]] in a [[nest]] is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.<ref name="baker">{{cite journal\|url= \|last=Baker \|first=E.C. Stuart \|format= \|title=The game birds of India, Burmay and Ceylon. Part XXV \|journal=J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. \|year=1918 \|volume=26 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–5 \|location=Bombay \|accessdate=18 June 2013\|issn=}} Available on line in [https://archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn26bomb#page/n52/mode/1up Internet Archive]</ref>

	The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the [[ground]], [[:wikt:digging\|digging]] with is powerful [[beak]]s; they eat [[root]]s, [[tuber]]s, [[bulb]]s, [[seed]]s, [[insect]]s and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.<ref name="pakistan" />		The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the [[ground]], [[:wikt:digging\|digging]] with is powerful [[beak]]s; they eat [[root]]s, [[tuber]]s, [[bulb]]s, [[seed]]s, [[insect]]s and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.<ref name="pakistan" />

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add. name acc. to https://cites.org/sites/default/files/common/com/ac/26/E26-13-02-01-A.pdf and https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679312/112455142 et. al,

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{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Cheer pheasant
| image = Catreus wallichii -Kyoto Zoo-Japan-8a.jpg
| image_caption = At [[Kyoto Municipal Zoo|Kyoto Zoo]], [[Japan]]
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =<ref name="redlist">
{{cite iucn
|author=BirdLife International
|year=2004
|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/4054/0
|title=''Catreus wallichi''
|access-date=11 May 2006
}}</ref>
| genus = Catreus
| parent_authority = [[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]], 1851
| species = wallichii
| authority = ([[Thomas Hardwicke|Hardwicke]], 1827)
}}

The '''cheer pheasant''' (''Catreus wallichii''), also known as '''Wallich's pheasant''' or '''chir pheasant''', is a [[vulnerable species]] of the [[pheasant]] family, [[Phasianidae]]. It is the [[Monotypic taxon|only member]] in the genus ''Catreus''. The scientific name commemorates [[Denmark|Danish]] botanist [[Nathaniel Wallich]].

==Description==
[[File:Cheer Pheasant (male).JPG|thumb|Cheer pheasant (male) at Pangot, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India]]
[[File:Cheer Pheasant pair at winter villaɡe of lata on the periphery of Nanda Devi National Park.jpg|alt=Cheer pheasant pair sighted near Lata village, Nanda Devi National Park|thumb|Pair of cheer pheasants near winter Lata village on the periphery of Nanda Devi National Park]]
These birds lack the color and brilliance of most pheasants, with buffy gray [[Feather|plumage]] and long, gray crests. Its long tail has 18 feathers and the central tail feathers are much longer and the colour is mainly gray and brown. The female is slightly smaller in overall size.

<gallery>
Catreus wallichii.jpg|Cheer pheasant pair from [[Himalaya]], [[India]]
Catreus wallichii hm.jpg|Painting from Hume and Marshall, 1880, Gamebirds of India, [[Burma]], [[Ceylon]]
</gallery>

==Behaviour and ecology==
Males are monogamous. They breed on steep [[cliff]]s during summer with a clutch of 10 to 11 eggs.<ref name="baker">Baker, EC Stuart (1918) The game birds of India, Burmay and Ceylon. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26(1):1-5 [https://archive.org/details/journalofbombayn26bomb scan]</ref>
In studies conducted in upper Beas Valley, cheer pheasant was found to be sensitive to human disturbance.<ref name="Jolli"/><ref>Jolli, Virat & Pandit, M. K. (2011). " Influence of Human Disturbance on the Abundance of Himalayan Pheasant (Aves, Galliformes) in the Temperate Forest of Western Himalaya, India". Vestnik Zoologii 45 (6): e40-e47. {{doi|10.2478/v10058-011-0035-0}}
</ref>

==Habitat and distribution==
The cheer pheasant is distributed in the highlands and [[scrubland]]s of the [[Himalayas]] region of [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Kashmir]], and [[Pakistan]]. They are found mainly in the west of Nepal, [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]], [[Tehri Garhwal]], [[Simla States]], [[Bussahir]], Kullu, Chamba till about the Hazara District. Surveys in 1981 and 2003 in the [[Dhorpatan]] area of western Nepal established 70 calling sites, suggesting substantial numbers exist in this area (about 200 birds).<ref name="Lelliott 1981">Lelliott, A.D.(1981) Cheer Pheasants in west-central Nepal. World Pheasant Assoc. 6:89-95</ref><ref name="TRAGOPAN 19">{{Cite web |url=http://chinabird.org/news/TRAGOPAN%2019.pdf |title=PSG Project round-up |work=Newsletter of the WPA/BirdLife/Species Survival Commission |publisher=[[Pheasant Specialist Group]] |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Birdlife Data Zone">{{Cite web
|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=14328
|title=Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
|work=birdlife.org
|publisher=Birdlife International
|access-date=14 January 2011
}}</ref> In another survey in 2010, cheer pheasants were detected in 21 calling sites in [[Kullu district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Jolli">{{cite journal|last1=Jolli|first1=Virat|last2=Srivastav|first2=A|last3=Thakur|first3=S|year=2011|title=Patch occupancy for cheer pheasant Catreus wallichii in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area|journal=International Journal of Galliformes Conservation|volume=2|pages=74–81|url=http://www.pheasant.org.uk/uploads/Pages_74-81_Joli_et_al_Patch_occupancy_for_Cheer_Pheasant.pdf|access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref> They are found mainly above 6000 feet altitude and up to 10000 feet in summer.<ref name="baker"/>

==Status and conservation==
Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size, and hunting in some areas, the cheer pheasant is evaluated as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name="redlist"/> It is listed on Appendix I of [[CITES]].<ref name="cites_appendix">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml |title=Appendices I, II and III |work=cites.org |publisher=[[CITES]] |access-date=8 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116124133/http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml |archive-date=16 November 2008 }}</ref> Attempts to reintroduce captive-bred cheer pheasants in [[Pakistan]] have been unsuccessful.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web
|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=266&m=0
|title=Cheer Pheasant ''Catreus wallichi''
|work=birdlife.org
|publisher=Birdlife International
|access-date=8 December 2010
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)'']
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=266&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]

{{Phasianidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q385891}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:pheasant, cheer}}
[[Category:Pheasants|cheer pheasant]]
[[Category:Birds of North India]]
[[Category:Birds of Nepal]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1827|cheer pheasant]]

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	{{commons category\|Catreus wallichii}}		{{commons category\|Catreus wallichii}}
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			{{Source\|Wiki\|S}}
	* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}		* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ \|date=2006-06-19 }}
	* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']		* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii'']