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	== History ==		== History ==

	The temple is believed to have been built by Queen Hiradevi of the Bramha dynasty during the 9th century.<ref name='book1'>{{cite book \|last=Saravanan \|first=V. Hari \|title=Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India \|date=2014 \|publisher=Notion Press \|isbn=9384391492 }}</ref>		The temple is believed to have been built by Queen Hiradevi of the Bramha dynasty during the 9th century.<ref name='book1'>{{cite book \|last=Saravanan \|first=V. Hari \|title=Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India \|date=2014 \|publisher=Notion Press \|isbn=978-9384391492 }}</ref>

	The legend behind the temple, according to local priests, is that the Goddess [[Durga]] took the form of 64 demi-goddesses to defeat a demon. After the fight the 64 goddesses, equated with yoginis, asked Durga to commemorate them in the form of a temple structure.<ref name=":0" />		The legend behind the temple, according to local priests, is that the Goddess [[Durga]] took the form of 64 demi-goddesses to defeat a demon. After the fight the 64 goddesses, equated with yoginis, asked Durga to commemorate them in the form of a temple structure.<ref name=":0" />
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	The temple complex is now maintained by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].		The temple complex is now maintained by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

	[[Kalapahad]], a converted Muslim general of 16th CE is believed to have attacked this temple as well and broken the Murtis. He is ~~famously~~ known as the destroyer of Puri and [[Konark]] temples.<ref name='temple attacked by islamic invaders'>{{cite news \|title=Chausath Yogini Temple Hirapur – A 9TH CE GEM OF ODISHA \|date=February 2020 \|publisher=Anuradha Goyal \|url=https://www.inditales.com/chausath-yogini-temple-hirapur-odisha/}}</ref>		[[Kalapahad]], a converted Muslim general of 16th CE is believed to have attacked this temple as well and broken the Murtis. He is known as the destroyer of Puri and [[Konark]] temples.<ref name='temple attacked by islamic invaders'>{{cite news \|title=Chausath Yogini Temple Hirapur – A 9TH CE GEM OF ODISHA \|date=February 2020 \|publisher=Anuradha Goyal \|url=https://www.inditales.com/chausath-yogini-temple-hirapur-odisha/}}</ref>

	== Architecture ==		== Architecture ==
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	* {{cite book \|last=Das \|first=Adyasha \|title=The Chausathi Yoginis of Hirapur: From Tantra to Tourism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyZGxgEACAAJ \|year=2019 \|publisher=Black Eagle \|isbn=978-1-64560-012-1}}		* {{cite book \|last=Das \|first=Adyasha \|title=The Chausathi Yoginis of Hirapur: From Tantra to Tourism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyZGxgEACAAJ \|year=2019 \|publisher=Black Eagle \|isbn=978-1-64560-012-1}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Dehejia \|first=Vidya \|author-link=Vidya Dehejia \|title=Yogini Cult and Temples: A Tantric Tradition \|publisher=National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi \|year=1986 \|url=https://archive.org/details/YoginiCultAndTemplesVidyaDehejia}}		* {{cite book \|last=Dehejia \|first=Vidya \|author-link=Vidya Dehejia \|title=Yogini Cult and Temples: A Tantric Tradition \|publisher=National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi \|year=1986 \|url=https://archive.org/details/YoginiCultAndTemplesVidyaDehejia}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Hatley \|first=Shaman \|author-link=Shaman Hatley \|title=The Brahmayāmalatantra and Early Śaiva Cult of Yoginīs \|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3292099/ \|year=2007 \|publisher=University of Pennsylvania (PhD Thesis, UMI Number: 3292099)}}		* {{cite book \|last=Hatley \|first=Shaman \|author-link=Shaman Hatley \|title=The Brahmayāmalatantra and Early Śaiva Cult of Yoginīs \|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3292099/ \|year=2007 \|pages=1–459 \|publisher=University of Pennsylvania (PhD Thesis, UMI Number: 3292099)}}
	* {{cite journal \| last=Keul \| first=István \| title=Blending into the Religious Landscape: The Yoginīs in Benares \| journal=Numen \| publisher=Brill \| volume=59 \| issue=4 \| year=2012 \| issn=0029-5973 \| doi=10.1163/156852712x641796 \| pages=366–402 \|jstor=23244944}}		* {{cite journal \| last=Keul \| first=István \| title=Blending into the Religious Landscape: The Yoginīs in Benares \| journal=Numen \| publisher=Brill \| volume=59 \| issue=4 \| year=2012 \| issn=0029-5973 \| doi=10.1163/156852712x641796 \| pages=366–402 \|jstor=23244944}}

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{{Other uses|Chausath Yogini Temple (disambiguation){{!}}Chausath Yogini Temple}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Chausath Yogini Temple
|native_name = Chausath Yogini Mandir 
|native_name_lang =
|image = Chausath Yogini Temple - Outside.JPG
| image_upright =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = India Orissa
|coordinates = {{coord|20|13|35.454|N|85|52|32.141|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes=
|map_caption = Location within Odisha
|map_size = 250


|country = {{flag|India}}
|state = [[Odisha]]
|district = [[Khordha district|Khurda]]
|locale = Hirapur
|elevation_m = 17
|elevation_footnotes =

|deity = [[Kali]]
|festivals = [[Kali Puja]]

|architecture = [[Hypaethral]]
|architect =
|temple_quantity = 2
|monument_quantity = 3
|inscriptions =

|established = 
|year_completed = 
|creator =
|temple_board =
|governing_body =
|website =
}}

The '''Chausath Yogini Temple''' (64-[[Yogini temples|Yogini Temple]]) of Hirapur,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Orissa Review, Government Gazette |journal=Orissa Review |date=1986 |volume=43 |page=30 |publisher=Home Department, Government of Orissa}}</ref> also called Mahamaya Temple, is 20 km outside [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital of [[Odisha]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[East India|Eastern]] [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://sandpebblestours.com/chausathi-yogini-temple-a-place-of-wondrous-occult/|title=Chausathi Yogini Temple – A Place of Wondrous Occult - Sand Pebbles Tour N Travels |date=2014-06-15 |newspaper=Sand Pebbles Tour N Travels |language=en-US |access-date=2016-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085017/http://sandpebblestours.com/chausathi-yogini-temple-a-place-of-wondrous-occult/ |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is devoted to the worship of the [[yogini]]s, auspicious goddess-like figures.

== Religious aspect ==

Hirapur's [[Yogini temples|yogini temple]] is a [[Tantra|tantric]] shrine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Yogini temple of Hirapur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/yogini-temple-of-hirapur/article28574506.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 Oct 2003}}</ref> with [[hypaethral]] (roofless) architecture as tantric prayer rituals involve worshipping the ''bhumandala'' (environment consisting all the 5 elements of nature - fire, water, earth, air and ether), and the yoginis believed to be capable of flight.

The yogini idols represent female figures standing on an animal, a demon or a human head depicting the victory of [[Shakti]] (Feminine power). The idols express everything from rage, sadness, pleasure, joy, desire and happiness.<ref name=":0"/> The number 64 finds its reference in [[Hindu]] mythology in forms such as [[Kāla (time)|Kālá]] for time, [[Kalā]] for performing arts etc.

Such temples dedicated to yoginis, although rare, are also seen at [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Ranipur Jharial|Ranipur-Jharial]] site of the [[Balangir district]] in Odisha and seven other places in India.

== History ==

The temple is believed to have been built by Queen Hiradevi of the Bramha dynasty during the 9th century.<ref name='book1'>{{cite book |last=Saravanan |first=V. Hari |title=Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India |date=2014 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9384391492 }}</ref>

The legend behind the temple, according to local priests, is that the Goddess [[Durga]] took the form of 64 demi-goddesses to defeat a demon. After the fight the 64 goddesses, equated with yoginis, asked Durga to commemorate them in the form of a temple structure.<ref name=":0" />

The temple complex is now maintained by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

[[Kalapahad]], a converted Muslim general of 16th CE is believed to have attacked this temple as well and broken the Murtis. He is famously known as the destroyer of Puri and [[Konark]] temples.<ref name='temple attacked by islamic invaders'>{{cite news |title=Chausath Yogini Temple Hirapur – A 9TH CE GEM OF ODISHA |date=February 2020 |publisher=Anuradha Goyal |url=https://www.inditales.com/chausath-yogini-temple-hirapur-odisha/}}</ref>

== Architecture ==

The temple is small and circular, only 25 feet in diameter.{{sfn|Dehejia|1986|p=10}} It is [[hypaethral]], and built of blocks of [[sandstone]]. The inside of the circular wall has niches, each housing the statue of a Goddess. 56 of the 64 idols, made of black stone, survive. They surround the main image at the centre of the temple, the Goddess [[Kali]], who stands on a human head, representing the triumph of the heart over the mind. Some historians believe that an idol of Maha [[Bhairava]] was worshipped in the Chandi Mandapa.<ref name='book1'/> The temple seems to follow a [[mandala]] plan in a way that concentric circles are formed while a Shiva at the center inside the inner sanctum is roundly surrounded by four Yoginis and four [[Bhairava]]s.{{sfn|Hatley|2007|p=113}}{{sfn|Keul|2012|pp=367–369}}

The circle is reached via a protruding entrance passage, so that the plan of the temple has the form of a ''[[yoni]]''-pedestal for a [[Shiva lingam]].{{sfn|Hatley|2007|p=112}}

The Yogini images depict standing goddesses and their animal vehicles (''[[vahana]]''). The Yoginis are naked but for their bejewelled girdles, from which hang flimsy skirts that can be made out as a light decoration on their legs; they are adorned with bracelets, armlets, necklaces, and anklets.

The scholar István Keul writes that the yogini images are of dark [[Chlorite group|chlorite rock]], about 40 cm tall, and standing in varying poses on plinths or [[vahana]]s, their animal vehicles; most have "delicate features and sensual bodies with slender waists, broad hips, and high, round breasts" with varying hairstyles and body ornaments.{{sfn|Keul|2012|pp=367–369}}

<gallery mode=packed heights="200px">
File:Prayer offered at Yogini Temple.JPG| Yogini images in simple niches
File:64Yogini.JPG| One of the Yoginis
File:Hirapur yogini temple plan.svg|Plan; scholars have noted the resemblance to a ''[[yoni]]''-pedestal
File:Hirapur ei02-47.jpg|A yogini with an offering of flowers at her feet
File:Yoginis in a circular format.JPG| Part of the circle of Yoginis
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Bhedaghat]]

==References==
{{Reflist|26em}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |last=Das |first=Adyasha |title=The Chausathi Yoginis of Hirapur: From Tantra to Tourism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyZGxgEACAAJ |year=2019 |publisher=Black Eagle |isbn=978-1-64560-012-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Dehejia |first=Vidya |author-link=Vidya Dehejia |title=Yogini Cult and Temples: A Tantric Tradition |publisher=National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi |year=1986 |url=https://archive.org/details/YoginiCultAndTemplesVidyaDehejia}}
* {{cite book |last=Hatley |first=Shaman |author-link=Shaman Hatley |title=The Brahmayāmalatantra and Early Śaiva Cult of Yoginīs |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3292099/ |year=2007 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania (PhD Thesis, UMI Number: 3292099)}}
* {{cite journal | last=Keul | first=István | title=Blending into the Religious Landscape: The Yoginīs in Benares | journal=Numen | publisher=Brill | volume=59 | issue=4 | year=2012 | issn=0029-5973 | doi=10.1163/156852712x641796 | pages=366–402 |jstor=23244944}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Chausath Yogini Temple Hirapur}}
* [http://atmaprajnananda.blogspot.com/2012/10/64-yoginis-at-hirapur-near-bhubaneswar.html Detail Study]

{{Khordha_district}}
{{Shakti temples in Odisha}}
{{Yoginis}}

[[Category:Ancient Indian culture]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Archaeological monuments in Odisha]]
[[Category:Sandstone buildings in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Khordha district]]
[[Category:Kali temples]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Shaktism]]
[[Category:Yogini temples]]

Chausath Yogini Temple, Hirapur - Revision history

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