Md Rifat: revised

2024-03-08T22:13:23Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:43, 9 March 2024
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	A ''' Chaupal''' ([[Hindustani language\|Hindustani]]: चौपाल or چوپال), or '''chopal''', is a community building or space in the rural areas of [[North India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="ref64qazem">{{Citation \| title=Nature and structure of rural habitations \| author=S.K. Chandhoke \| publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 1990 \| isbn=978-81-7022-253-8 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFCpBzD0gjAC \| quote=''... Chaupal plays a very important role in the village life ... at the intersection of the two main streets ... a banyan or pipal tree ... panchayat are held at the chaupal ... Villagers sit at the chaupal, smoke, play cards and do other things ... barat/janet which comes from the boy's village is lodged at the chaupal ...''}}</ref> It is the hub of community life in villages, especially for male inhabitants. In smaller villages, a chaupal can be a simple raised platform that is shaded by a large tree, typically a [[neem]], [[banyan]] or [[Sacred fig\|pipal fig]] tree. In larger villages, the chaupal may be an elaborate structure that also doubles as a community guesthouse (or [[mehmaan khana]]).<ref name="ref15pumom">{{Citation \| title=Women's lives and public policy: the international experience \| author=Meredeth Turshen, Briavel Holcomb \| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 1993 \| isbn=978-0-275-94523-7 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGtHQWAfvEoC \| quote=''... This common fund sustained certain aspects of the social life of the village; it had formerly paid for the upkeep of the chaupal or guest house in which villagers offered hospitality to visitors, passersby, and, most important, for events such as the wedding of a daughter of the village ...''}}</ref><ref name="ref37lemaq">{{Citation \| title=The social & economic history of the Punjab, 1901-1939, including Haryana & Himachal Pradesh \| author=B. S. Saini \| publisher=Ess Ess Publications, 1975 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPkEAAAAMAAJ \| quote=''... the public well, which served as a meeting place of the womenfolk during day-time and the Chaupal, a local guest house, where the villagers gathered in the evening to while away time in smoking and gossip ...''}}</ref>		A ''' Chaupal''' ([[Hindustani language\|Hindustani]]: चौपाल or چوپال), or '''chopal''', is a community building or space in the rural areas of [[North India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="ref64qazem">{{Citation \| title=Nature and structure of rural habitations \| author=S.K. Chandhoke \| publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 1990 \| isbn=978-81-7022-253-8 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFCpBzD0gjAC \| quote=''... Chaupal plays a very important role in the village life ... at the intersection of the two main streets ... a banyan or pipal tree ... panchayat are held at the chaupal ... Villagers sit at the chaupal, smoke, play cards and do other things ... barat/janet which comes from the boy's village is lodged at the chaupal ...''}}</ref> It is the hub of community life in villages, especially for male inhabitants. In smaller villages, a chaupal can be a simple raised platform that is shaded by a large tree, typically a [[neem]], [[banyan]] or [[Sacred fig\|pipal fig]] tree. In larger villages, the chaupal may be an elaborate structure that also doubles as a community guesthouse (or [[mehmaan khana]]).<ref name="ref15pumom">{{Citation \| title=Women's lives and public policy: the international experience \| author=Meredeth Turshen, Briavel Holcomb \| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 1993 \| isbn=978-0-275-94523-7 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGtHQWAfvEoC \| quote=''... This common fund sustained certain aspects of the social life of the village; it had formerly paid for the upkeep of the chaupal or guest house in which villagers offered hospitality to visitors, passersby, and, most important, for events such as the wedding of a daughter of the village ...''}}</ref><ref name="ref37lemaq">{{Citation \| title=The social & economic history of the Punjab, 1901-1939, including Haryana & Himachal Pradesh \| author=B. S. Saini \| publisher=Ess Ess Publications, 1975 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPkEAAAAMAAJ \| quote=''... the public well, which served as a meeting place of the womenfolk during day-time and the Chaupal, a local guest house, where the villagers gathered in the evening to while away time in smoking and gossip ...''}}</ref>

	Indian and Pakistani [[panchayat]]s (village administrative bodies) usually function and hold hearings in the village chaupal. Indian villages have a strong social norm of village [[exogamy]], and the chaupal is often also the site where the groom's party are received and hosted when "''a daughter of the village''" is married.<ref name="ref64qazem"/><ref name="ref15pumom"/>		Indian and Pakistani [[Panchayati raj\|panchayat]]s (village administrative bodies) usually function and hold hearings in the village chaupal. Indian villages have a strong social norm of village [[exogamy]], and the chaupal is often also the site where the groom's party are received and hosted when "''a daughter of the village''" is married.<ref name="ref64qazem"/><ref name="ref15pumom"/>

	Chaupals are constructed and maintained using community funds, sometimes collected in the village using community donations (known as चन्दा, چندا, ''chanda'').<ref name="ref15pumom"/>		Chaupals are constructed and maintained using community funds, sometimes collected in the village using community donations (known as चन्दा, چندا, ''chanda'').<ref name="ref15pumom"/>
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	[[Category:~~Indian culture~~]]		[[Category:Culture of India]]
	[[Category:~~Pakistani culture~~]]		[[Category:Culture of Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Architecture of Pakistan]]		[[Category:Architecture in Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Architecture of India]]		[[Category:Architecture in India]]

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2020-11-28T10:08:38Z

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A ''' Chaupal''' ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: चौपाल or چوپال), or '''chopal''', is a community building or space in the rural areas of [[North India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="ref64qazem">{{Citation | title=Nature and structure of rural habitations | author=S.K. Chandhoke | publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 1990 | isbn=978-81-7022-253-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFCpBzD0gjAC | quote=''... Chaupal plays a very important role in the village life ... at the intersection of the two main streets ... a banyan or pipal tree ... panchayat are held at the chaupal ... Villagers sit at the chaupal, smoke, play cards and do other things ... barat/janet which comes from the boy's village is lodged at the chaupal ...''}}</ref> It is the hub of community life in villages, especially for male inhabitants. In smaller villages, a chaupal can be a simple raised platform that is shaded by a large tree, typically a [[neem]], [[banyan]] or [[Sacred fig|pipal fig]] tree. In larger villages, the chaupal may be an elaborate structure that also doubles as a community guesthouse (or [[mehmaan khana]]).<ref name="ref15pumom">{{Citation | title=Women's lives and public policy: the international experience | author=Meredeth Turshen, Briavel Holcomb | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 1993 | isbn=978-0-275-94523-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGtHQWAfvEoC | quote=''... This common fund sustained certain aspects of the social life of the village; it had formerly paid for the upkeep of the chaupal or guest house in which villagers offered hospitality to visitors, passersby, and, most important, for events such as the wedding of a daughter of the village ...''}}</ref><ref name="ref37lemaq">{{Citation | title=The social & economic history of the Punjab, 1901-1939, including Haryana & Himachal Pradesh | author=B. S. Saini | publisher=Ess Ess Publications, 1975 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPkEAAAAMAAJ | quote=''... the public well, which served as a meeting place of the womenfolk during day-time and the Chaupal, a local guest house, where the villagers gathered in the evening to while away time in smoking and gossip ...''}}</ref>

Indian and Pakistani [[panchayat]]s (village administrative bodies) usually function and hold hearings in the village chaupal. Indian villages have a strong social norm of village [[exogamy]], and the chaupal is often also the site where the groom's party are received and hosted when "''a daughter of the village''" is married.<ref name="ref64qazem"/><ref name="ref15pumom"/>

Chaupals are constructed and maintained using community funds, sometimes collected in the village using community donations (known as चन्दा, چندا, ''chanda'').<ref name="ref15pumom"/>

==The notion of chaupal in popular culture==
Although chaupals are fundamentally a feature of rural life, in the popular perception a chaupal is any place where people "''sit and discuss their problems, celebrate their pleasures, share the pains of an individual, family or a particular group, sort out their disputes''." It is "''a sacred place of secular nature''" that "''guarantees freedom of speech and expression to everybody''."<ref name="ref41jidov">{{Citation | title=Migration, Development and Poverty Reduction in Asia | author=International Organization For Migration | publisher=Academic Foundation, 2008 | isbn=978-81-7188-573-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ID22_OqPfSMC | quote=''... sit and discuss their problems, celebrate their pleasures, share the pains of an individual, family or a particular group, sort out their disputes ... a sacred place of secular nature ... guarantees freedom of speech and expression to everybody ...''}}</ref> Television talk shows, online websites and forums affiliated with the region sometimes attempt to mirror that atmosphere of free conversation and social engagement by including the term "''chaupal''" in their names.<ref name="ref78pulay">{{Citation | title=Enabling Enterprise Transformation: Business and Grassroots Innovation for the Knowledge Economy | author=Nagy K. Hanna | publisher=Springer, 2009 | isbn=978-1-4419-1507-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkOfLFqFGVIC | quote=''... The e-Choupal initiative began by deploying ICT to reengineer procurement of soya ...''}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{coord missing|Pakistan}}

[[Category:Indian culture]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]
[[Category:Architecture of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Architecture of India]]

Chaupal (public space) - Revision history

Md Rifat: revised

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: del empty params (1×);