https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Chaturmukha_Basadi%2C_GerusoppaChaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa - Revision history2026-11-07T20:22:23ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaturmukha_Basadi,_Gerusoppa&diff=493675&oldid=prevShelia6340: Put up first data added tags2026-04-16T11:28:13Z<p>Put up first data added tags</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{distinguish|Chaturmukha Basadi, Karkala}}<br />
{{short description|Jain temple in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]] <br />
| sect = [[Digambara]]<br />
| image = File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa (cropped).jpg<br />
| alt = Chaturmukha Basadi<br />
| caption = Chaturmukha Basadi<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| map_type = Karnataka<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_size = 200<br />
| map_caption = Location within Karnataka<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|14|13|43.4|N|74|39|53|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}} <br />
| location = [[Gerusoppa]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
| festivals = [[Mahavir Jayanti]]<br />
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha]], [[Ajitanatha]], [[Sambhavanatha]] and [[Abhinandananatha]]<br />
| established = 1562<br />
| creator = [[Rani Chennabhairadevi]]<br />
| governing_body = <br />
| materials = Grey [[granite]]<br />
| temple_quantity = 5<br />
| architecture_style = [[Western Chalukya architecture]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chaturmukha Basadi''' is a symmetrical [[Jain]] [[Jain temple|temple]] located in [[Gerusoppa]] in [[Honnavar Taluk]] of [[Uttara Kannada district]] in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. The temple is situated near the banks of the [[Sharavati]].<ref name="DeputyCommissioner">{{cite web | url=http://www.uttarakannada.nic.in/Honnavartourism.html | title=Honnavar Tourism | work=Deputy Commissioner, Uttara Kannada | access-date=25 July 2022 }}</ref><br />
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== History ==<br />
The territory of Gerusoppa was a Jain capital during 1409–1610 CE ruled by the [[Saluva dynasty]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].{{sfn|Jog|2022}}{{sfn|Shastry|2000|p=12}}<ref name="DeputyCommissioner"/> It is said that 1,084 temples existed in the region, but were destroyed and presently only six remain.{{sfn|Das|1981|p=16}} In 1865, the [[veranda]] roof, the spire and the floor slabs were carted away by [[Tehsildar|tehsildars]] from [[Honnavar]] for construction of another temple.{{sfn|Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|1883|p=282}}{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1897|p=197}}{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=5}} There is an inscription dated from the 16th century that mentions [[Rani Chennabhairadevi]]'s (popularly called the "Pepper Queen"){{refn|group=note|Chennabhairadevi ruled over 57 years and is considered the longest reigning Indian queen.{{sfn|Neginhal|2021|p=140}}{{sfn|Neginhal|2021|p=140}}{{sfn|Chandra|2020}}}} ascension to power.{{sfn|Jog|2022}}{{sfn|Prasad|2022}} The chaturmukha temple was constructed in 1562 CE during the reign of Chennabhairadevi.{{sfn|Priyadarshan|2019}}<br />
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Gerusoppa also received royal patronage from the [[Hoysala Empire]].{{sfn|Nandagopal|2019}}<br />
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== Architecture ==<br />
[[File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa - Dvarapala.jpg|thumb|left|Dvarapalas on temple entrance]]<br />
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Chaturmukha Basadi is a famous Jain center located in the Gerusoppa.{{sfn|Hunter|1881|p=191}} The temple is cross-shaped ''chaturmukha'' ({{translation|four-faced}}) structure built in the [[Western Chalukya architecture|Western Chalukya architectural]] style. The temple contains a central shrine, which has four entrances, and enshrines a life-size chaturmukha idol of Jina, [[Rishabhanatha]], [[Ajitanatha]], [[Sambhavanatha]] and [[Abhinandananatha]],{{sfn|Priyadarshan|2019}} facing the four cardinal directions.{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=126}}{{sfn|Das|1981|p=16}} Each hall of the temple is supported by four pillars with square bases and overhanging brackets with carvings of lotuses.{{sfn|Priyadarshan|2019}} There are ornate idols of [[Dvarapala]], wearing a high crown and each holding a club and a cobra, on either side of the temple entrance.{{sfn|Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|1883|p=282}}{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1897|p=197}}{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=5}}<br />
[[File:Chaturmukha Basadi Jain temple, Gersoppa Karnataka.jpg|thumb|right<br />
|Floor plan of the temple ]]<br />
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There are idols of Tirthankara in the lotus position on three doorways and an image of [[Gajalakshmi]] on the fourth.{{sfn|Jog|2022}} There is a shrine to of [[Jwalamalini]] inside the temple.{{sfn|Prakash|2014}} The temple also enshrines images of [[Virabhadra]] and [[Ganesha]].{{sfn|Chandra|2020}}<br />
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== Other Jain Temples in Gerusoppa ==<br />
There are four other Jain temples in Gerusoppa.<br />
# '''Mahavira temple''' houses a black stone idol of [[Mahavira]], the 24th [[Tirthankara]].{{sfn|Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|1883|p=282}}{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1897|p=197}} The temple also houses three stone slab inscriptions — (1) {{convert|1.9|x|0.74|m}} slab inscription, dated 1378 CE,<ref>{{cite web |title=Inscriptions |url=http://www.asidharwadcircle.in/monument/inscriptions-5/|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> with ''Jina'' at top with two worshippers, a cow and a calf. (2) {{convert|1.42|x|0.67|m}} slab inscription has three sections; the first line has an image of Jina with an attendant, the second line has two male worshippers in the [[lotus position]] and third has two female worshippers on either side. (3) {{convert|1.57|x|0.66|m}} slab inscription with a Jina inside temple adorned by devotees.{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=6}}<br />
# '''Neminatha temple''', situated near Mahavira temple, enshrines a large idol of [[Neminatha]], the 22nd Tirthankara, seated on a circular pedestal.{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=6}}{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=126}}<br />
# '''Parshvanatha temple''' is dedicated to [[Parshvanatha]], the 23rd Tirthankara. The temple enshrines many idols collected from nearby shrines including a [[Pañcadhātu]] idol.{{sfn|Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|1883|p=283}} There are images of twelve Tirthankaras in the panel of the temple.{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=6}}{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1897|p=197}}<br />
# '''Kade temple''' enshrines a carved idol {{convert|1.32|m}} of Parshvanatha with the hood of a cobra.{{sfn|Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|1883|p=283}}{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1897|p=197}}{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=126}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Mirjan Fort]]<br />
* [[Hadavalli]]<br />
* [[Karkala]]<br />
* [[Gerusoppa]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
{{reflist|23em}}<br />
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=== Sources ===<br />
==== Books ====<br />
{{refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{cite book | last=Burgess | first=James | author-link=James Burgess (archaeologist) |title=Lists of Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency | volume=11 | series=Archaeological Survey of Western India | year=1885 | publisher=Government Central Press | location=[[Bombay]] |url={{Google books|xScXAAAAYAAJ|page=5|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}<br />
* {{cite book | last1=Burgess | first1=James | author-link1=James Burgess (archaeologist) | last2=Cousens | first2=Henry | author-link2=Henry Cousens |title=Revised Lists of Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency | volume=16 | series=New Imperial series | year=1897 | publisher=Government Central Press | location=[[Bombay]] |url={{Google books|H2ZBAQAAIAAJ|page=197|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}<br />
* {{cite book | last=Cousens | first=Henry | author-link=Henry Cousens |title=Chālukyan Architecture | year=1926 | publisher=Central Publication Branch | location=[[Calcutta]] |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/12050.pdf }}<br />
* {{cite book | last=Hunter | first=William Wilson | author-link=William Wilson Hunter |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India | volume=5 | series=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]] | year=1881 | publisher=[[Trübner & Company]] | location=[[Bombay]] |url={{Google books|wkwcAQAAIAAJ|page=191|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency | author-link=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ka'nara | volume=15 | edition=2 | series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency | year=1883 | publisher=Government Central Press | location=[[Bombay]] |url={{Google books|ug8IAQAAIAAJ|page=282|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}<br />
* {{cite book | last=Neginhal | first=S. G. | author-link=S. G. Neginhal |title=Memoirs of an Ardent Wildlifer | year=2021 | publisher=[[Notion Press]] |url={{Google books|TUlDEAAAQBAJ|pg=PT140|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | isbn=9781638509257 }}<br />
* {{cite book | last=Shastry | first=Bhagamandala Seetharama | editor-last=Borges | editor-first=Charles J. |title=Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498-1763 | volume=8 | series=Xavier Centre of historical research studies | year=2000 | publisher=Concept Publishing Company<br />
|url={{Google books|raLL0A3Pb_0C|page=12|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | isbn=9788170228486 }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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==== Web ====<br />
{{refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{cite news | last=Chandra | first=Subhash | title=A new page: Reviving a piece of history | date=6 December 2020 | newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/dec/06/a-new-page-reviving-a-piece-of-history-2232443.html }}<br />
* {{cite web | last=Das | first=B. K. | title=District census handbook - Uttara Kannada district | issue=9 | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29890/download/33071/46537_1981_UTT.pdf | series=[[1981 Census of India]] | publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]] | year=1981 }}<br />
* {{cite news | last=Jog | first=Swatee | title=The Pepper Queen of Karnataka | date=21 July 2022 | newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-pepper-queen-of-karnataka-1128719.html }}<br />
* {{cite news | last=Nandagopal | first=Choodamani | title=Heritage of Indian manuscript tradition | date=2 May 2019 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/heritage-of-indian-manuscript-tradition/article27013161.ece }}<br />
* {{cite news | last=Prakash | first=B. V. | title=Royal remains of a glorious era | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/408097/royal-remains-glorious-era.html | date=20 May 2014 | newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] }}<br />
* {{cite news | last=Prasad | first=Shyam | title=IT professional unearths 4 Jain inscriptions in Karnataka | date=17 January 2022 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/it-professional-unearths-4-jain-inscriptions/articleshow/88939540.cms }}<br />
* {{cite news | author=Priyadarshan | title=Structures add spice to the regal past | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-statescan/structures-add-spice-to-the-regal-past-731954.html | date=9 May 2019 | newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category-inline|Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa}}<br />
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{{Jain temples}}<br />
{{Jainism Topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Jain temples in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Jain temples]]</div>Shelia6340