>Graeme Bartlett: clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1993-94 → 1993–94, practioners → practitioners, sq km → km², 2004-05 → 2004–05

2021-01-25T04:36:54Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1993-94 → 1993–94, practioners → practitioners, sq km → km2, 2004-05 → 2004–05

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chatra
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|24.2038|N|84.8703|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chatra district|Chatra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 400.21
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 508
| population_total = 101,014
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825401 (Chatra)
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06541
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#JH.E2.80.94Jharkhand|JH]]-13
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 55.54%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chatra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
| website = {{URL|chatra.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chatra''' is a [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Chatra subdivision]] of the [[Chatra district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Overview==
Chatra district forms a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Hazaribagh plateau|Upper Hazaribagh Plateau]], [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Koderma plateau|Lower Hazaribagh Plateau]] and northern [[Escarpment|scarp]]. Located at an elevation of about {{convert|450|m|ft|0}}, the general slope of the district is from north to south. Red [[laterite]] acidic soil predominates in an area that is primarily dependent upon rain-fed agriculture. Around 60% of the district is covered with forests. The district has a population density of 275 persons per km2. Around two-thirds of the families in the district live [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]].<ref name="blocks">{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html | title = Chatra - the official website | work = Blocks, Circles & Panchayats – List of villages under Panchayats | publisher = Chatra district authority | access-date = 9 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160627231221/http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html# | archive-date = 2016-06-27 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the extreme south of the district some portions of Tandwa CD Block are part of [[North Karanpura Coalfield]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150516093809/http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2015 |title=The North Karanpura Coalfields |work=Jharkhand |publisher=sinclair-environmental |access-date=10 August 2016 }}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Chatra was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state. 5 persons were killed in Chatra district in 2012, but Maoist activities, such as arms training camps and organisation of ‘Jan Adalats’ ([[kangaroo court]]s) were on the decline.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 10 August 2016}}</ref>
{{As of|2016}}, Chatra was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher = Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016 | access-date = 10 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927113900/http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | archive-date = 27 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] is located at {{coord|24.2038|N|84.8703|E|format=dms}}.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Chatra.html|title= Chatra, India Page |publisher=fallingrain.com|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 508 [[metre]]s (1669 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

Chatra CD block is bounded by [[Shaligram Ramnarayanpur (community development block)|Shaligram Ramnarayanpur]] and [[Kanhachatti]] CD blocks in the north, [[Gidhour Block|Gidhour]] and [[Pathalgada Block|Pathalgada]] CD blocks in the east, [[Simaria Block|Simaria]] and [[Lawalong]] CD blocks in the south and [[Kunda Block|Kunda]] CD block in the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg | title = Chatra | work = CD Block/Tehsil Map | publisher = Chatra district administration | access-date = 9 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103928/http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg# | archive-date = 2016-12-20 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Chatra CD block has an area of 400.21 km2.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2002_PART_B_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = Chatra District Census Handbook, |work = Census of India 2011, Page 26 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 17 August 2016}}</ref>[[Chatra, Jharkhand#Police station|Chatra Sadar]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/chatra | title= District Police Profile – Chatra | work= Contact Number |publisher= Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 8 January 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Chatra CD block is at [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ff4d5fbbafdf976cfdc032e3bde78de5/uploads/2017/06/2018030936.jpg | title= Administrative Boundary Map, Chatra District, Jharkhand|publisher= Chatra district administration| accessdate = 8 January 2021}}</ref>

There are 18 panchayats and 182 villages in Chatra CD Block.<ref name="blocks"/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Chatra CD Block/ panchayat samiti are: Moktama, Darha, Sikid, Paradih, Dewaria, Ara, Baraini, Brahmana, Godhai, Sima, Tikar, Damdoiya, Jangi, Gandharia, Dariatu and Lem.<ref name="blocks"/>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Chatra CD block had a total population of 101,014, all of which were rural. There were 51,958 (51%) males and 49,056 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 20,206. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 38,364 (37.98%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 3,777 (3.74%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literate persons in Chatra CD block was 44,884 (55.54% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 27,164 (65.27% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 17,720 (36.13% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 29.15%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Chatra district was 60.18% <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/search.php?cx=partner-pub-0612465356921996%3A9964620645&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Chatra&sa=Search&siteurl=www.census2011.co.in%2Fdistrict.php&ref=&ss=1966j851948j7 |title = District Census 2011 |publisher= Population Census 2011 | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in Jharkhand (for population over 7 years) was 66.41% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND020_Jharkhand.pdf | title= Jharkhand Profile| work= Census Info India 2011 – Final population totals |publisher= Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Chatra district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, among the different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India), [[Hindi]] was spoken by 703,337 persons forming 88.87% of the population of Chatra district, followed by [[Urdu]] 68,301 persons (8.63%), [[Kurukh language|Oraon]] 11,115 persons (1.40%) and other languages (with no details) 8,681 (1.10%). The population of the Scheduled Tribes in the district of Chatra during 2011 Census was 45,563 constituting 4.36 percent of the total population of the district.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 22: Note on mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Hindus numbered 903,179 and formed 86.60% of the population of Chatra district, followed by Muslims 116,710 (11.19%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 23: Note on religion | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Total number of [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] households in Chatra CD block in 2002-2007 was 16,489.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://chatra.nic.in/food_and_supply/ | title= Departments: Food and Supply | work= Blockwise Statistics BPL List 2002-2007 |publisher= Chatra district administration| accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref> According to 2011 census, number of households in Chatra CD block was 17,395.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII B, 2011 census|work = page 26: District Primary Census Abstract | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | accessdate = 10 January 2011}}</ref>

Note: BPL data possibly includes that of Kanhachatii CD block

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Chatra CD block'''
|value1 = 25.21
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 30.63
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 5.51
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 38.66
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Chatra CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 13,799 and formed 25.21%, agricultural labourers numbered 16,766 and formed 30.63%, household industry workers numbered 3,015 and formed 5.51% and other workers numbered 21,162 and formed 38.66%. Total workers numbered 54,742 and formed 36.25% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 96,257 and formed 63.75% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 48 and 51 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Census Concepts, Pages 10-21 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 167 inhabited villages in Chatra CD block. In 2011, 38 villages had power supply. 4 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 165 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 164 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 6 villages had post offices, 7 villages had sub post offices, 9 villages had telephones (land lines), 64 villages had mobile phone coverage. 163 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 7 villages had bus service (public/ private), 24 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 9 villages had taxi/vans and 73 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 1 village had agricultural credit societiey, 1 village had cinema/ vieo hall, 2 villages had public library and public reading room. 57 villages had [[public distribution system]], 5 villages had weekly haat (market) and 49 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 673-675, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Chatra is a predominanty forest district with 65% of the land area being covered with forests. The balance 35% of the area has both rocky and [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil. Aluvial soil is found mostly near river valleys. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are bazra, maize and pulses (mainly arhar and gramme).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 9-10 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Chatra district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | accessdate = 10 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 22 (India)|NH 22]] (old numbering [[National Highway 99 (India)(old numbering)|NH 99]]) connects Sonbarsha (India-Nepal border) with Muzaffarpur, Patna, [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], Dobhi, Hunterganj and Chatra and terminates at its junction with [[National Highway 39 (India)|NH 39]] in [[Chandwa (community development block)|Chandwa]] CD block in [[Latehar district]]. NH-22 crosses [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering [[National Highway 2 (India)(old numbering)|NH 2]]) at Dobhi in [[Gaya district]] of Bihar.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf | title = Rationalisation of numbering system on National Highways | publisher = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India | access-date = 9 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf | archive-date = 1 February 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Education==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Chatra CD block had 27 villages with pre-primary schools, 127 villages with primary schools, 65 villages with middle schools, 13 villages with secondary schools, 6 villages with senior secondary schools, 39 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 671-673 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 10 January 2021}}</ref>
 .*Note:Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Chatra CD block had 5 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 10 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 4 villages with dispensaries, 3 villages with veterinary hospitals, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 10 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Note: Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Chatra district]]

Chatra (community development block) - Revision history

>Graeme Bartlett: clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1993-94 → 1993–94, practioners → practitioners, sq km → km2, 2004-05 → 2004–05

>Graeme Bartlett: clean up, typo(s) fixed: 1993-94 → 1993–94, practioners → practitioners, sq km → km², 2004-05 → 2004–05