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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 23 December 2021
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	{{Main\|Leeds Tiger}}		{{Main\|Leeds Tiger}}
	[[File:Leeds Tiger 17 June 2021 (11).JPG\|thumb\|right\|Leeds Tiger snarling\|alt=Colour photograph of open jaws of the tiger]]		[[File:Leeds Tiger 17 June 2021 (11).JPG\|thumb\|right\|Leeds Tiger snarling\|alt=Colour photograph of open jaws of the tiger]]
	In 1860 Reid shot and killed a large [[Bengal tiger]] whose skin was shown at the [[1862 International Exhibition]].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Tuker\|first=Francis\|title=Gorkha: The Story of the Gurkhas of Nepal\|publisher=Constable and Co.\|year=1957\|location=London\|pages=92}}</ref> It was subsequently purchased by [[William Gott (philanthropist)\|William Gott]], mounted by a taxidermist, and displayed in a series of museums in [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]] ([[Leeds City Museum]] since 2008), where it is known as the [[Leeds Tiger]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Sterndale\|first=Robert Armitage\|title=Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon\|publisher=Thacker, Spink and Co.\|year=1884\|location=Calcutta\|pages=593}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal\|last=Anonymous\|date=1862\|title=Forty-third report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society\|journal=Reports of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society\|volume=43\|pages=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=The larger carnivora of India \|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003345/18860731/037/0009?browse=true \|access-date=22 June 2021 \|work=Madras Weekly Mail \|agency=British Newspaper Archive \|url-access=subscription \|date=31 July 1886 \|page=9 col 4, 10 col a}}</ref> Over the years the displayed [[taxidermy]]-mount became subject to a mythology that the original tiger had been a killer of [[Cattle\|bullocks]] and even people, but no such evidence has yet been found.<ref name="YEP 31 Dec 2016">{{cite news\|date=31 December 2016\|title=Leeds nostalgia: The story of the Leeds Tiger\|work=Yorkshire Evening Post\|publisher=JP Media\|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/leeds-nostalgia-story-leeds-tiger-608724\|access-date=8 June ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=12 April 2021\|title=The Tiger Who Came to Leeds\|url=https://museumsandgalleries.leeds.gov.uk/featured/leeds-tiger/\|access-date=16 June 2021\|website=Leeds Museums & Galleries\|language=en-GB}}</ref>		In 1860 Reid shot and killed a large [[Bengal tiger]] whose skin was shown at the [[1862 International Exhibition]].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Tuker\|first=Francis\|title=Gorkha: The Story of the Gurkhas of Nepal\|publisher=Constable and Co.\|year=1957\|location=London\|pages=92}}</ref> It was subsequently purchased by [[William Gott (philanthropist)\|William Gott]], mounted by a taxidermist, and displayed in a series of museums in [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]] ([[Leeds City Museum]] since 2008), where it is known as the [[Leeds Tiger]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Sterndale\|first=Robert Armitage\|title=Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon\|publisher=Thacker, Spink and Co.\|year=1884\|location=Calcutta\|pages=593}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal\|last=Anonymous\|date=1862\|title=Forty-third report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society\|journal=Reports of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society\|volume=43\|pages=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=The larger carnivora of India \|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003345/18860731/037/0009?browse=true \|access-date=22 June 2021 \|work=Madras Weekly Mail \|agency=British Newspaper Archive \|url-access=subscription \|date=31 July 1886 \|page=9 col 4, 10 col a}}</ref> Over the years the displayed [[taxidermy]]-mount became subject to a mythology that the original tiger had been a killer of [[Cattle\|bullocks]] and even people, but no such evidence has yet been found.<ref name="YEP 31 Dec 2016">{{cite news\|date=31 December 2016\|title=Leeds nostalgia: The story of the Leeds Tiger\|work=Yorkshire Evening Post\|publisher=JP Media\|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/leeds-nostalgia-story-leeds-tiger-608724\|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=12 April 2021\|title=The Tiger Who Came to Leeds\|url=https://museumsandgalleries.leeds.gov.uk/featured/leeds-tiger/\|access-date=16 June 2021\|website=Leeds Museums & Galleries\|language=en-GB}}</ref>

	==Selected publications==		==Selected publications==

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{{Short description|Officer in the East India Company and aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = General Sir
|name = Charles Reid
|honorific_suffix = GCB
|image = Colonel Charles Reid (2).jpg
|image_upright =
|alt = Black and white photograph showing a white man with dark hair and a moustache in military uniform
|caption = Reid in 1858
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|birth_name =
|other_name =
|nickname =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1818|03|19|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[London]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|1901|08|23|1818|03|19|df=y}}.<ref name=deathreg>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=2tZYkS4wlMM7VIhdT2Z9fg&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=17 June 2021|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}} ''Includes link to scan of printed register''</ref>
|death_place = [[Southsea]], England
|placeofburial =
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|placeofburial_coordinates = 
|allegiance =
|branch =
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|serviceyears =
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|battles_label =
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|memorials =
|alma_mater =
|spouse = {{marriage|Lavinia Lucy Fisher (c.1829–1888)|1846}}
|children = Lavinia Adelaide Reid (1848–1930);<br>Charles Oakeley Reid (1852–1854)
|relations =
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General '''Sir Charles Reid''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%||GCB}} (19 March 1818 – 23 August 1901) was an officer in the [[East India Company]] and later [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]], and [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]].

==Personal life==
Reid was born in London on 19 March 1818.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Reid, in the England, select births and christenings, 1538-1975 |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/discoveryui-content/view/5739644:9841?tid=&pid=&queryId=980b7e11ab011d654f1e40466454525a&_phsrc=ZpY1073&_phstart=successSource |url-access=subscription|website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: General Sir Charles Reid |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000250/19010826/043/0005 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=Sheffield Daily Telegraph |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=26 August 1901 |page=5 col.e}}</ref><ref name="Greenock Telegraph 26 August 1901" >{{cite news |title=Death of General Sir Charles Reid |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000472/19010826/061/0002 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=Greenock Telegraph and Clyde Shipping Gazette |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=26 August 1901 |page=2 col.f|quote=He married in 1840 Lavinia daughter of Captain John Fisher.}}</ref> His father George Reid (c.1778 – 25 January 1827) owned the Bunker's Hill and Friendship sugar plantations in Jamaica and rented [[Watlington, Norfolk|Watlington]] Hall, Norfolk (destroyed by fire in 1940 and rebuilt).<ref name="watlington">{{cite web |title=Watlington-Hall |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF2279-Watlington-Hall&Index=2067&RecordCount=57339&SessionID=45fc36d6-892b-4a81-a410-625cb01524e5 |website=Norfolk Heritage Explorer |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> His mother Louisa (1786–1879) was the daughter of Sir [[Sir Charles Oakeley, 1st Baronet|Charles Oakeley]] (1751–1826), a former governor of [[Madras]].<ref name=amelia /><ref name=jamaica /><ref name="george">{{cite web |title=George Reid junior 1780 – 1827: Profile & Legacies Summary |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/1304262911 |website=Legacies of British Slavery |publisher=UCL Department of History |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> He had five sisters including Louisa Elizabeth (the eldest daughter), Helena Catherine (born 1814 or 1815), Amelia Maria (1821–1896, the sixth child) and Georgina Ann, and three brothers.<ref name=amelia /><ref name=george /> Reid was educated at [[Repton School]], and joined the [[East India Company]] as a cadet in 1835, aged 16.<ref name=dix />

In [[Mussoorie]], [[Bengal]], India, on 24 September 1846 Reid married Lavinia Lucy Fisher ([[Doon Valley|Deyrah Dhoon]], India 1829 – London 24 August 1888),<ref>Ancestry: India, Select Marriages, 1792–1948, FHL Film Number: 498984</ref><ref name="1881 Census Charles Reid" >[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7572/images/LNDRG11_51_56-0009?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&queryId=b0868a2a81fb0ac4ef85e0ecf4c93221&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ZpY1072&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=13276261 1881 England Census 97 Earls Court Road, Chelsea, London, RG11/51, p.35]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Obituaries |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001578/18880908/101/0026 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=Illustrated London News |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=8 September 1888 |page=298/26 col.b|quote=Deaths ... Lady Reid (Lavinia Lucy), wife of General Sir Charles Reid ... on August 24 (1888) aged fifty-nine.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=dQrffts0FRjrZLhlOaiqKQ&scan=1|title=Index entry|accessdate=18 June 2021|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}} Deaths Sep 1888 Reid Lavinia Lucy. 59 Kensington 1a 115</ref> daughter of Captain John Fisher (d.1890).<ref name="Greenock Telegraph 26 August 1901" /> They had two children, Lavinia Adelaide ([[Ludhiana|Loodiana]], India 15 November 1848 – [[Portsmouth]] 1930),<ref>{{cite web |title=Lavinia Adelaide Reid: India, select births and baptisms 1786-1947 |url=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9899&h=534465&tid=&pid=&queryId=97a915a0fa570f79fd4f7bab8f169dea&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ZpY1076&_phstart=successSource|url-access=subscription |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry |access-date=21 June 2021 |quote=Father Charles Reid, mother Lavinia Lucy, baptised 28 February 1849, FHL film number 498987}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7814/images/LNDRG13_37_38-0565?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&queryId=c37a69fda16c2ff67d8d9af6d38fc38c&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ZpY1070&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=353194 1901 England Census Charles Reid Chelsea RG13/38 p.48, schedule 68]</ref> who married Lieut. Arthur Warry, [[Royal Artillery|RA]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Marriages |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001343/18710520/034/0004 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=The Munster express, or, weekly commercial & agricultural gazette |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=20 May 1871 |page=4 col.a}}</ref> and Charles Oakeley Reid (India 1852 – India 9 June 1854).<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Oakeley Reid: India, select deaths and burials 1719-1948 |url=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9898&h=670200&tid=&pid=&queryId=c2c8226761b6f9d66fcdfa19892ad3f1&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ZpY1080&_phstart=successSource|url-access=subscription |website=ancestry.co.uk |publisher=Ancestry UK |access-date=21 June 2021 |quote=Parents Charles and Lavinia Lucy Reid, FHL Film Number: 498992}}</ref> Reid's London address was 97 Earl's Court Road, [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]].<ref name="1881 Census Charles Reid" /><ref name="Who's Who 2021" />

General Sir Charles Reid died at [[Southsea]],<ref name="times-obit">{{cite news |title=Obituary: Sir Charles Reid |work=The Times |date=26 August 1901 |page=4}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|''Jamaica Who's Who'' gives place of death as "Southsea, Wales",<ref name="jamaica">{{cite web |title=Jamaica Who's Who 1916 – Macaulay to Rubie (Reid, William Octavius) |url=http://www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com/Members/whoswh04.htm |website=Jamaican Family Search |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> and [[Southsea, Wrexham]], Wales, exists. ''The Times'' of London states "Southsea", unqualified,<ref name=times-obit /> implying the better-known [[Southsea]] near Portsmouth, England, but so does the ''Cardiff Times'',<ref name="cardiff-obit">{{cite news |title=Obituary: General Sir Charles Reid |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3432354/3432358/63/heather |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=The Cardiff Times |date=31 August 1901 |page=4}}</ref> which might suggest the place in Wales. A death was recorded of a Charles Reid aged 83 in Jul–Sept 1901 at Portsmouth,<ref name=deathreg /> which appears to confirm [[Southsea]], England.}} on 23 August 1901, aged 83.<ref name=deathreg /> His will included a legacy of £100 to his sister Amelia Maria, although she had predeceased him by five years.<ref name="amelia">{{cite web |title=Reid, Amelia Maria |url=https://suffolkartists.co.uk/index.cgi?choice=painter&pid=1902 |website=suffolkartists.co.uk |publisher=Suffolk Artists |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> He was buried in [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Cemetery, Hanwell|Kensington and Chelsea Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Reid, Charles (Gen. Sir) |url=https://www.deceasedonline.com/servlet/GSDOSearch?DetsView=Summary&src=ext&fileid=6297776 |website=deceasedonline.com |publisher=Deceased Online |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>

==Military career==
[[File:Queen's Truncheon.jpg|thumb|right|Replica of the [[Queen's Truncheon]], devised by Reid|alt=Colour photograph of an elaborate ceremonial staff with bronze and silver elements including a crown held up by a group of Gurkha soldiers.]]
Reid served in [[Sindh]] under [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]] in 1843, and led the [[Sirmoor Battalion]] at the [[Siege of Delhi]].<ref name="dib">{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Indian Biography |page=355 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Dictionary_of_Indian_Biography.djvu/371 |access-date=17 June 2021 |language=en |chapter=Reid, Sir Charles (1819–1901)}}</ref> He was severely wounded on 14 September 1857, and was promoted to [[lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]], receiving the [[Order of the Bath|CB]] in 1858.<ref name="Who's Who 2021" >{{cite book |title=Reid, Sir Charles |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-190261 |website=ukwhoswho.com |publisher=Who's Who 2021 |access-date=20 June 2021 |date=1 December 2007|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U190261 |isbn=978-0-19-954089-1 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Reid later served in [[Oudh]] in 1858–1859, and was promoted to [[colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]] and became an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=times-obit /> While serving as aide-de-camp, he devised the [[Queen's Truncheon]] which the [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]] carry as their [[Military colours, standards and guidons|regimental colour]].<ref name="truncheon">{{cite web |title=Colours and The Queen's Truncheon |url=http://2ndgoorkhas.com/the-regiment/colours-the-queens-truncheon/ |website=Sirmoor Rifles Association |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> In 1876, Reid was invited to demonstrate to the [[Edward VII|Prince of Wales]] the end loading system which he had introduced, accompanied by a "full battery of Royal Horse Artillery", including guns and [[Limbers and caissons|limbers]], 132 horses, and four [[Horses in warfare#Europe|chargers]], all transported along with the Prince and Reid on the Royal Train from [[Lahore]] to [[Amritsar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Military |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002926/18760212/080/0025 |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=Friend of India and Statesman |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=12 February 1876 |page=25/143 col.a}}</ref>{{refn|According to the source, the end loading system was not about loading guns with ammunition; it was about loading and unloading the full battery of guns, limbers and horses on and off trains in a speedy and efficient manner|group=nb}}

Reid was promoted to [[major-general (United Kingdom)|major-general]] in 1867, [[lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-general]] in 1875, and [[brevet (military)|brevetted]] [[general (United Kingdom)|general]] in 1877. He was awarded pensions for good service and for his wound.<ref name=times-obit /><ref name=dix />

Reid's decorations included the [[Sutlej Medal]], the [[India General Service Medal (1854)|India General Service Medal]] and the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]].<ref name="dix">{{cite web |title=Lot 849, 15 December 2011: The mounted miniature dress medal group of four attributed to General Sir Charles Reid, G.C.B., Sirmoor Rifles, the famous 'Gurkha Reid' of the Siege of Delhi |url=https://www.dnw.co.uk/auction-archive/lot-archive/lot.php?department=Medals&lot_uid=209865 |website=Dix Noonan Webb |access-date=17 June 2021}} ''Much of the biographical information appears to be a near copy of The Times obituary, and is accessible without subscription.''</ref> He was knighted in 1871 as a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Bath]] (KCB), and was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the order (GCB) in 1886.<ref name=times-obit /><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25592 |date=29 May 1886 |page=2633 }}</ref>

==Other activities==
{{Main|Leeds Tiger}}
[[File:Leeds Tiger 17 June 2021 (11).JPG|thumb|right|Leeds Tiger snarling|alt=Colour photograph of open jaws of the tiger]]
In 1860 Reid shot and killed a large [[Bengal tiger]] whose skin was shown at the [[1862 International Exhibition]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tuker|first=Francis|title=Gorkha: The Story of the Gurkhas of Nepal|publisher=Constable and Co.|year=1957|location=London|pages=92}}</ref> It was subsequently purchased by [[William Gott (philanthropist)|William Gott]], mounted by a taxidermist, and displayed in a series of museums in [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]] ([[Leeds City Museum]] since 2008), where it is known as the [[Leeds Tiger]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sterndale|first=Robert Armitage|title=Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon|publisher=Thacker, Spink and Co.|year=1884|location=Calcutta|pages=593}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Anonymous|date=1862|title=Forty-third report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society|journal=Reports of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society|volume=43|pages=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The larger carnivora of India |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003345/18860731/037/0009?browse=true |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=31 July 1886 |page=9 col 4, 10 col a}}</ref> Over the years the displayed [[taxidermy]]-mount became subject to a mythology that the original tiger had been a killer of [[Cattle|bullocks]] and even people, but no such evidence has yet been found.<ref name="YEP 31 Dec 2016">{{cite news|date=31 December 2016|title=Leeds nostalgia: The story of the Leeds Tiger|work=Yorkshire Evening Post|publisher=JP Media|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/leeds-nostalgia-story-leeds-tiger-608724|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2021|title=The Tiger Who Came to Leeds|url=https://museumsandgalleries.leeds.gov.uk/featured/leeds-tiger/|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Leeds Museums & Galleries|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
*{{cite book| url=http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100024429793.0x000001#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-212%2C0%2C2135%2C2672| last=Reid|first=General Sir Charles | title=Extracts from letters and notes written during the siege of Delhi in 1857 | publisher=Henry S. King & Co| place=London | date= 1858 }} ''Full text available online'' (Reprinted 2009 by Naval & Military Press, {{ISBN|978-1845742270}})

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Charles Reid (Indian Army officer)}}

* {{cite web |title=Campaign Medals of the 2nd Goorkhas |url=http://2ndgoorkhas.com/the-regiment/campaign-medals/ |website=Sirmoor Rifles Association |access-date=17 June 2021}} (contains an account of Reid's military exploits with the Goorkhas)
* {{cite news |title=Friday July 25, 1873: Of the two divisions vacant |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002850/18730725/032/0002 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=Times of India |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=25 July 1873 |page=2 col.c}} (Summary of Reid's military career up to 1873)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reid, Charles}}
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:People educated at Repton School]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]

Charles Reid (Indian Army officer) - Revision history

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