Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington - Revision history

MD. TARIQUL ISLAM: further reworked lead after review additionally and added references

2025-11-17T22:29:25Z

further reworked lead after review additionally and added references

UpdateBot at 03:52, 5 March 2022

2022-03-05T03:52:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:22, 5 March 2022
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	{{Use British English\|date=August 2016}}		{{Use British English\|date=August 2016}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\|~~honorific-prefix~~ = [[The Right Honourable]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
	\|name = The Lord Lamington		\| name = The Lord Lamington
	\|~~honorific-suffix~~ = {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|GCMG\|GCIE\|FRSGS}}		\| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|GCMG\|GCIE\|FRSGS}}
	\|image = ~~Baron Lamington~~.jpg		\| image = Charles Cochrane-Baillie, Governor of Queensland (cropped).jpg
	\|caption =		\| image_size =
	\|~~order1~~ = [[Governor of Queensland]]		\| caption =
	\|term_start1 = 9 April 1896
	\|term_end1 = 19 December 1901		\| office = 14th [[List of governors of Bombay Presidency\|Governor of Bombay]]
	\|monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]]<br />[[Edward VII]]		\| term_start = 12 December 1903
	\|~~predecessor1~~ = [[~~Henry Wylie Norman~~\|~~Sir Henry Wylie Norman~~]]		\| term_end = 27 July 1907
	~~\|successor1 =~~ [[~~Herbert Chermside\|Sir Herbert Chermside~~]]		\| monarch = [[Edward VII]]
	~~\|order2 =~~ [[~~List of Governors of Bombay\|Governor of Bombay~~]]		\| predecessor = [[Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote\|The Lord Northcote]]
	\|~~term_start2~~ = ~~12 December 1903~~		\| successor = [[John Muir-Mackenzie]]
	\|~~term_end2~~ = ~~27 July 1907~~
	\|~~monarch2~~ = [[~~Edward VII~~]]		\| office1 = 8th [[Governor of Queensland]]
	\|~~governor-general2~~ = [[~~George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon~~ of ~~Kedleston~~\|~~The Lord Curzon~~ of ~~Kedleston~~]]~~<br />~~[[~~Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto~~\|~~The Earl of Minto~~]]		\| term_start1 = 9 April 1896
	\|predecessor2 = [[Henry ~~Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote\|The Lord Northcote~~]]		\| term_end1 = 19 December 1901
	\|successor2 = ~~[[Freeman Freeman-~~Thomas~~, 1st Marquess of Willingdon~~\|~~The Lord Willingdon]]~~		\| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]]<br>[[Edward VII]]
	\|birth_date = ~~{{birth date\|~~1860~~\|7\|29\|df=y}}~~		\| premier1 = [[Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)\|Hugh Nelson]]<br>[[Thomas Joseph Byrnes]]<br>[[James Robert Dickson]]<br>[[Anderson Dawson]]<br>[[Robert Philp]]
	\|birth_place = [[London]], England		\| lieutenant1 =
	\|death_date = {{~~death~~ date and age\|~~1940\|9~~\|16\|1860~~\|7\|29\|df=y~~}}		\| predecessor1 = [[Henry Wylie Norman]]
	\|death_place = [[Lanarkshire]], [[Scotland]]		\| successor1 = [[Herbert Chermside]]
	\|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)\|Conservative Party]]
	\|~~profession~~ =		\| office2 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\|Member of Parliament]] for [[St Pancras North (UK Parliament constituency)\|St Pancras North]]
	\|~~spouse~~ =		\| term_start2 = July 1886
	\|~~alma_mater~~ = [[~~Eton College~~]]~~<br />~~[[~~Christ Church~~, ~~Oxford~~]]		\| term_end2 = 1890
	\|~~religion~~ =		\| predecessor2 = [[Thomas Henry Bolton]]
	\|~~signature~~ =		\| successor2 = Thomas Henry Bolton
	\|~~footnotes~~ =
			\| birth_name = Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie
			\| birth_date = 31 July 1860
			\| birth_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], England
			\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=y\|16 September 1940\|29 July 1860}}
			\| death_place = [[Lamington, South Lanarkshire\|Lamington]], [[Lanarkshire]], Scotland
			\| death_cause =
			\| resting_place =
			\| citizenship =
			\| nationality = [[English people\|English]]
			\| party = [[Conservative Party (UK)\|Conservative]]
			\| otherparty = [[Conservative Party (UK)\|Conservative and Liberal Unionist]]
			\| spouse = {{marriage\|Mary Houghton Hozier\|1895}}
			\| children = 2
			\| mother =
			\| father = [[Alexander Baillie-Cochrane, 1st Baron Lamington\|1st Baron Lamington]]
			\| relatives =
			\| residence = [[Lamington, South Lanarkshire\|Lamington House]], [[Lanarkshire]], Scotland
			\| education = [[Eton College]]
			\| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
			\| occupation =
	}}		}}
	'''Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington''', {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|GCMG\|GCIE\|FRSGS}} (29 July 1860 – 16 September 1940) was a British politician and colonial administrator who served as [[Governor of Queensland]] from 1896 to 1901, and [[List of Governors of Bombay\|Governor of Bombay]] from 1903 to 1907.<ref name=Debrett/>		'''Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington''', {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|sep=,\|GCMG\|GCIE\|FRSGS}} (29 July 1860 – 16 September 1940) was a British politician and colonial administrator who served as [[Governor of Queensland]] from 1896 to 1901, and [[List of Governors of Bombay\|Governor of Bombay]] from 1903 to 1907.<ref name=Debrett/>
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	===Note and source===		===Note and source===
	{{reflist\|group=lower-alpha}}		{{reflist\|group=lower-alpha}}
	*{{cite book \| last=Hesilrige \| first=Arthur G. M. \| year=1921 \| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy \| url=https://~~debretts~~.~~com~~/ ~~\| url-status=live~~ \| location=160A, [[Fleet street]], [[London]], UK \| publisher=[[Dean & Son]] ~~\| archive-url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/mode/2up \| quote=[[John Debrett]] \| archive-date=13 September 2016~~ \| page=536 }}		*{{cite book \| last=Hesilrige \| first=Arthur G. M. \| year=1921 \| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy \| url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/536 \| location=160A, [[Fleet street]], [[London]], UK \| publisher=[[Dean & Son]] \| page=536 }}

	{{Commons category\|Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington}}		{{Commons category\|Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington}}

>Cltjames: /* References */ Added book reference & info

2021-12-12T01:40:57Z

References: Added book reference & info

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name = The Lord Lamington
|honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCMG|GCIE|FRSGS}}
|image = Baron Lamington.jpg
|caption =
|order1 = [[Governor of Queensland]]
|term_start1 = 9 April 1896
|term_end1 = 19 December 1901
|monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]<br />[[Edward VII]]
|predecessor1 = [[Henry Wylie Norman|Sir Henry Wylie Norman]]
|successor1 = [[Herbert Chermside|Sir Herbert Chermside]]
|order2 = [[List of Governors of Bombay|Governor of Bombay]]
|term_start2 = 12 December 1903
|term_end2 = 27 July 1907
|monarch2 = [[Edward VII]]
|governor-general2 = [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]]<br />[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]
|predecessor2 = [[Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote|The Lord Northcote]]
|successor2 = [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Lord Willingdon]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1860|7|29|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[London]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|1940|9|16|1860|7|29|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Lanarkshire]], [[Scotland]]
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|profession =
|spouse =
|alma_mater = [[Eton College]]<br />[[Christ Church, Oxford]]
|religion =
|signature =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCMG|GCIE|FRSGS}} (29 July 1860 – 16 September 1940) was a British politician and colonial administrator who served as [[Governor of Queensland]] from 1896 to 1901, and [[List of Governors of Bombay|Governor of Bombay]] from 1903 to 1907.<ref name=Debrett/>

==Early life==
Born in [[London]], England, he was the only son of [[Alexander Baillie-Cochrane, 1st Baron Lamington]]. Charles was educated at [[Eton College]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]],<ref name=Debrett/> where he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in 1883. In 1885, he became assistant private secretary to the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]].<ref name="adb">R. B. Joyce, [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090657b.htm 'Lamington, second Baron (1860–1940)'], ''[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]'', Volume 9, [[Melbourne University Press]], 1983, pp 653–654.</ref>

==Political career==
Cochrane-Baillie was narrowly defeated in the [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885 election]] for the [[United Kingdom constituencies|borough constituency]] of [[St Pancras North (UK Parliament constituency)|St Pancras North]], but he won the [[1886 United Kingdom general election|subsequent election]] in July 1886, taking his seat in the [[British House of Commons]] for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].<ref name=Debrett/><ref name="adb" />

Upon the death of his father in 1890, he succeeded as the 2nd [[Baron Lamington]].

On 13 June 1895, he married Mary Houghton Hozier at St Michael's Church, [[Pimlico]];<ref name=Debrett/> they had two children, a son and a daughter.

In 1890, the British government sent Lord Lamington to travel between [[Tonkin]] in Vietnam and [[Siam]], with a view to annexing at least the [[Xishuangbanna]] district and possibly the whole [[Yunnan]] province of China in an attempt to limit French colonisation of the area.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Geographical Notes|first=George C.|last=Hurlbut|journal=Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York|volume=23|year=1891|pages=419–420}}</ref>{{efn|Lord Lamington read a paper on his visit to the Shan States on the Siam border. The paper dealt with his journey from Chieng Mai, in the Laos country, to Mung Phoong, in the Sibsong Pana ... A railway to the plain of Chieng Sen was, on Mr. Holt Hallett's showing, sure to be constructed some day, and then the prolongation of it into the rich district of the Sibsong Pana and Yunnan would rest in the hands of the British.}}

==Governorships==
Cochrane-Baillie was in the [[Royal Company of Archers]], as King's body guard for Scotland.<ref name=Debrett/> In October 1895, Lord Lamington was selected to replace [[Henry Wylie Norman|Sir Henry Norman]] as [[Governor of Queensland]], and he was sworn in on 9 April 1896. He was a very politically [[Conservatism|conservative]] governor, and expressed a concern that the [[Federation of Australia]] which took place during his tenure would lead to unrestrained [[socialism]]. He also worked with the first [[Premier of Queensland]], [[Samuel Griffith|Sir Samuel Griffith]], to ensure that the role of state governors was not diminished after Federation.<ref name="adb" />

Apart from six months leave in England when he was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]], Lord Lamington served as governor for five years until 19 December 1901. In 1903 he was made a [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]],<ref name=Debrett/> and appointed as [[Governor of Bombay]] (until his resignation in July 1907),<ref name="timesobit">"Obituary", ''The Times'' (London), 18 September 1940, p. 7.</ref><ref name=Debrett/> where the royal prerogative he exercised was far more powerful than it had been in Australia.<ref name="adb" /> He is also noted as being sympathetic, after having met [[‘Abdu’l-Bahá]], to the [[Baháʼí Faith]].<ref name="Sohrab1913">{{cite web |author=David Merrick |year=2011 |page=25 Dec 1912 |title=Abdu'l-Baha in the UK, 1913 (Sohrab's Diary) |url=http://www.paintdrawer.co.uk/david/misc/sohrab-diary-uk-1913.pdf}}</ref>

==Later life==
Lord Lamington was appointed [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] of the [[Lanarkshire Yeomanry]] on 26 March 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27419 |date=25 March 1902 |page=2081 }}</ref>

In Spring 1919, he served as Commissioner of the British Relief Unit in [[Syria]],<ref name="timesobit" /> prior to its allocation as a [[French Mandate of Syria|French mandate]].<ref name="adb" />

On 13 March 1940, he was one of four victims of a shooting at the [[Caxton Hall]] in London by [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] [[Udham Singh]]. Former lieutenant-governor of India, [[Michael O'Dwyer]] was killed instantly. O'Dwyer's predecessor in the role, [[Louis Dane]], suffered a broken arm. Cochrane-Baillie and [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]], the former secretary of state for India, were slightly injured.<ref name="Glasgow Herald1">{{cite news|work=Glasgow Herald|author=|title=Sir Michael O'Dwyer Shot Dead|location=Glasgow|date=13 March 1940|page=23|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19400313&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref><ref name="Glasgow Herald2">{{cite news|work=Glasgow Herald|author=|title=The Caxton Hall Tragedy|location=Glasgow|date=19 March 1940|page=4|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19400319&id=P3ZDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MpIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5525,7388166}}</ref>

He died at his family home, Lamington House, in [[Lanarkshire]], Scotland, on 16 September 1940, aged 80.

==Other roles and ranks (undated)==
* President of the East India Association <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of the National Indian Association <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of the Middle East Association <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of the Indigent Moslems Burial Fund <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of the British Red Crescent Society <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of 'other organisations concerned with Eastern welfare and culture' <ref name="timesobit" />
* President of the Persia Society (forerunner of the Iran Society) (--1912--)<ref name="browne">E. G. Browne, ''The Literature of Persia'' (1912), inner page</ref>
* Vice President of the Royal Central Asian Society <ref name="jrcas">''Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society'', Vol. 27, Iss. 4, 1940</ref>
* Vice-President of the Royal Geographical Society of London <ref name="oxdnb">''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>
* Chairman of the Committee of the Royal Normal College and Academy of Music for the Blind (--1913--) <ref name="po1914">Post Office London, 1914, vol. 4 (Trades and Professional Directory), p. 1900 (pdf p528)</ref>
* A Vice-President of the Trinity College of Music, London (--1913--) <ref name="po1914" />
* Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th Battalion, The Scottish Rifles (Cameronians) <ref name="timesobit" />
* Captain of the Royal Company of Archers (King's Bodyguard for Scotland) <ref name="timesobit" />
* Lieutenant-Colonel of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry <ref name="timesobit" />

==Personal life==
Lord Lamington married Mary Houghton Hozier, the youngest daughter of [[William Hozier, 1st Baron Newlands]], on 13 June 1895. They had two children, a son Victor Alexander Brisbane William Cochrane-Baillie (1896–1951, godson of [[Queen Victoria]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Lamington|publisher=Table Talk|date=2 July 1903|page=24}}</ref> and in 1940 became the 3rd Baron Lamington) and a daughter Grisell Annabella Gem Cochrane-Baillie (1898–1985).

==Legacy==
Lord Lamington is best known in Australia for allegedly giving his name to the [[lamington]], a popular Australian cake consisting of a cube of [[sponge cake]] dipped in chocolate icing and sprinkled with desiccated [[coconut]]. The stories of the creation of the lamington vary widely, although in most versions Lamington's chef Armand Galland at [[Old Government House, Queensland|Queensland's Government House]] devises the cake either by accident or due to a shortage of ingredients. Lamington is also reported to have referred to the cakes as "those bloody poofy woolly biscuits".<ref name="nzherald">{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/7/story.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10467101 |title=Australia: The tale of Baron Lamington and an improvised cake |author=Shrimpton, James |date=6 October 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |accessdate=23 September 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108073416/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10467101| archive-date=8 November 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Lamington National Park|Lamington Plateau and National Park]] in Queensland, [[Lamington Bridge]] in [[Maryborough, Queensland]], [[Mount Lamington]] (a volcano in [[Papua New Guinea]]), and [[Lamington Road]] in [[Mumbai]] Lamington High School in Hubli were also named after him.

The Lady Lamington Hospital for Women and Lady Lamington Nurses Home are now part of [[Royal Brisbane Hospital Nurses' Homes]].

==References==
{{reflist|<ref name=Debrett>{{harv|Hesilrige|1921|page=536}}</ref>}}
===Note and source===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
*{{cite book | last=Hesilrige | first=Arthur G. M. | year=1921 | title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy | url=https://debretts.com/ | url-status=live | location=160A, [[Fleet street]], [[London]], UK | publisher=[[Dean & Son]] | archive-url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/mode/2up | quote=[[John Debrett]] | archive-date=13 September 2016 | page=536 }}

{{Commons category|Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[St Pancras North (UK Parliament constituency)|St Pancras North]] | before=[[Thomas Henry Bolton]] | after=[[Thomas Henry Bolton]] | years=1886–1890}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box | title=[[Governor of Queensland]] | before=[[Henry Wylie Norman|Sir Henry Norman]] | after=[[Herbert Chermside|Sir Herbert Chermside]] | years=1896–1901}}
{{succession box | title=[[List of Governors of Bombay|Governor of Bombay]] | before=[[Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote|The Lord Northcote]] | after=[[George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe|Sir George Clarke]] | years=1903–1907}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Baron Lamington]] | before=[[Alexander Baillie-Cochrane, 1st Baron Lamington|Alexander Baillie-Cochrane]] | after=[[Victor Cochrane-Baillie, 3rd Baron Lamington|Victor Cochrane-Baillie]] | years=1890–1940}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Queensland}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamington, Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]]
[[Category:UK MPs who inherited peerages]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers]]
[[Category:Governors of Queensland]]
[[Category:Governors of Bombay]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Lanarkshire Yeomanry officers]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Cochrane family|Charles]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society]]
[[Category:Eldest sons of British hereditary barons]]
[[Category:British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania]]