Charan Singh - Revision history

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	{{short description\|Fifth Prime Minister of India}}		{{short description\|Fifth Prime Minister of India (1979–1980)}}
	{{other people}}		{{other people}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=April 2012}}		{{more citations needed\|date=April 2012}}
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| name = Charan Singh		\| name = Chaudhary Charan Singh
	\| honorific-prefix = [[Chaudhary]]		\| honorific-prefix = [[Chaudhary]]
	\| image = Charan ~~Singh~~.jpg		\| image = Chaudhary Charan Singh01.jpg
	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| alt = Charan Singh		\| alt = Charan Singh
	~~\| caption = Singh on 1990 stamp of India~~
	\| office = 5th [[Prime Minister of India]]		\| office = 5th [[Prime Minister of India]]
	\| president = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]		\| president = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
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	\| term_start = 28 July 1979		\| term_start = 28 July 1979
	\| term_end = 14 January 1980		\| term_end = 14 January 1980

	\| predecessor = [[Morarji Desai]]		\| predecessor = [[Morarji Desai]]
	\| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]]		\| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]]
	\| office2 = [[~~Minister of Finance (India)\|~~Minister of Finance]]		\| office2 = [[Minister of Finance]]
	\| primeminister2 = [[Morarji Desai]]		\| primeminister2 = [[Morarji Desai]]
	\| term_start2 = 24 January 1979		\| term_start2 = 24 January 1979
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	\| term_start5 = 18 February 1970		\| term_start5 = 18 February 1970
	\| term_end5 = 1 October 1970		\| term_end5 = 1 October 1970
	~~\| governor5 = [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]]~~
	\| predecessor5 = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]		\| predecessor5 = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
	\| successor5 = [[President's rule]]		\| successor5 = [[President's rule]]
	\| term_start6 = 3 April 1967		\| term_start6 = 3 April 1967
	\| term_end6 = 25 February 1968		\| term_end6 = 25 February 1968
	\| ~~governor6~~ = [[~~Bishwanath Das]]<br>Bezawada Gopala Reddy~~		\| predecessor6 = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
	~~\| deputy6 = [[Ram Prakash~~ Gupta]]
	~~\| predecessor6 = Chandra Bhanu Gupta~~
	\| successor6 = [[President's rule]]		\| successor6 = [[President's rule]]
	\| birth_name = Chaudhary Charan Singh		\| birth_name = Chaudhary Charan Singh
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1902\|12\|23\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1902\|12\|23\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place = [[~~Noorpur Village, Uttar Pradesh~~\|Noorpur~~]], [[Meerut district~~]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj\|British India]] <br/>(present-day ~~[[Hapur district]],~~ [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])		\| birth_place = [[Hapur district\|Noorpur]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj\|British India]] <br/>(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1987\|5\|29\|1902\|12\|23\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1987\|5\|29\|1902\|12\|23\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[~~Delhi~~]]~~, India~~		\| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
	\| party = [[~~Janata Party (Secular)~~]] <small>(~~1979–1980~~)</small>		\| party = [[Lokdal]] <small>(own party;1980–1987)</small>
	\| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] <small>(Before 1967)</small><br/>[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]] <small>(1967–1977)</small><br/>[[Janata Party]] <small>(1977–1979)<br/> </~~small~~> [[~~Lokdal~~]] <small>(~~1980–1987~~) </small>		\| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] <small>(Before 1967)</small><br/>[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]] <small>(1967–1977)</small><br/>[[Janata Party]] <small>(1977–1979)</small><br/>[[Janata Party (Secular)]] <small>(1979–1980)</small>
	\| spouse = Gayatri Devi		\| spouse = Gayatri Devi
	\| children = 6; including [[Ajit Singh (politician)\|Ajit Singh]]		\| children = 6; including [[Ajit Singh (politician)\|Ajit Singh]]
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	== In popular culture ==		== In popular culture ==
	''Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh'' is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to the [[Agriculture in India\|Indian agriculture sector]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=KISAN KRANTI KE PRENTA CHOWDHARY CHARAN SINGH {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kisan-kranti-ke-prenta-chowdhary-charan-singh\|access-date=2021-06-10\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|last=Films Division\|title=Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh - Part 2\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNUFhZix6TU \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zNUFhZix6TU \|archive-date=2021-12-21 \|url-status=live\|language=en\|access-date=2021-06-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series ''[[Pradhanmantri]]'' ({{Lit\|Prime Minister}}), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,<ref>{{Cite web\|date=Oct 6, 2013\|title=Pradhanmantri - Episode 13: India after emergency, Janata Party wins general election\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMTXTPAvfxk \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/QMTXTPAvfxk \|archive-date=2021-12-21\|url-status=live\|publisher=ABP News}}{{cbignore}}</ref> by Sundaram in the 2019 film ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' which is based on the life of Indian actor-politician [[N. T. Rama Rao]].,<ref>{{Cite web\|title=NTR: Kathanayakudu\|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-06-11\|website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]\|language=en-us}}</ref> and by [[Govind Namdeo]] in the 2021 film ''[[Main Mulayam Singh Yadav]]'' which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CM [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web\|date=Jul 15, 2020\|title=Main Mulayam Singh Yadav {{!}} Official Trailer\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44\|url-status=live}}</ref>		''Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh'' is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to the [[Agriculture in India\|Indian agriculture sector]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=KISAN KRANTI KE PRENTA CHOWDHARY CHARAN SINGH {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kisan-kranti-ke-prenta-chowdhary-charan-singh\|access-date=2021-06-10\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|last=Films Division\|title=Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh - Part 2\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNUFhZix6TU \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zNUFhZix6TU \|archive-date=2021-12-21 \|url-status=live\|language=en\|access-date=2021-06-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series ''[[Pradhanmantri]]'' ({{Lit\|Prime Minister}}), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,<ref>{{Cite web\|date=Oct 6, 2013\|title=Pradhanmantri - Episode 13: India after emergency, Janata Party wins general election\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMTXTPAvfxk \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/QMTXTPAvfxk \|archive-date=2021-12-21\|url-status=live\|publisher=ABP News}}{{cbignore}}</ref> by Sundaram in the 2019 film ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' which is based on the life of Indian actor-politician [[N. T. Rama Rao]].,<ref>{{Cite web\|title=NTR: Kathanayakudu\|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-06-11\|website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]\|language=en-us\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611124106/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9 \|archive-date=11 June 2021 }}</ref> and by [[Govind Namdeo]] in the 2021 film ''[[Main Mulayam Singh Yadav]]'' which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CM [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web\|date=Jul 15, 2020\|title=Main Mulayam Singh Yadav {{!}} Official Trailer\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821071959/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44 \|archive-date=21 August 2020 }}</ref>

	==Books==		==Books==
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	* ''Economic Nightmare of India: Its Cause and Cure'' (1981)<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Economic Nightmare of India – Its Cause and Cure {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/544\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>		* ''Economic Nightmare of India: Its Cause and Cure'' (1981)<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Economic Nightmare of India – Its Cause and Cure {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/544\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
	* ''Abolition of Zamindari (1947)''<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Abolition of Zamindari, Two Alternatives {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/243\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>		* ''Abolition of Zamindari (1947)''<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Abolition of Zamindari, Two Alternatives {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/243\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
	* ''Co-operative Farming X''		* ''Whither Co-operative Farming (1956)''<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Whither Co-operative Farming {{!}} Charan Singh Archives\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/245\|access-date=2022-06-24\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
	* ''Prevention of Division of Holdings Below a Certain Minimum''		* ''Prevention of Division of Holdings Below a Certain Minimum''
	*''India’s Poverty and It’s Solution'' (1964)<ref>{{Cite web\|title=India’s Poverty and It’s Solution {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/552\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>		*''India’s Poverty and It’s Solution'' (1964)<ref>{{Cite web\|title=India’s Poverty and It’s Solution {{!}} Charan Singh\|url=https://charansingh.org/books/552\|access-date=2021-12-27\|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
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	[[Category:People from Baghpat]]		[[Category:People from Baghpat]]
	[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]		[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
	~~[[Category:State funerals in India]]~~
	[[Category:Farmers' rights activists]]		[[Category:Farmers' rights activists]]
	[[Category:Prime Ministers of India]]		[[Category:Prime Ministers of India]]

73.251.121.70: /* Personal life */

2022-01-05T03:34:27Z

Personal life

New page

{{short description|Fifth Prime Minister of India}}
{{other people}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Charan Singh
| honorific-prefix = [[Chaudhary]]
| image = Charan Singh.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = Charan Singh
| caption = Singh on 1990 stamp of India
| office = 5th [[Prime Minister of India]]
| president = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| deputy = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| term_start = 28 July 1979
| term_end = 14 January 1980
| predecessor = [[Morarji Desai]]
| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]
| primeminister2 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| term_start2 = 24 January 1979
| term_end2 = 16 July 1979
| predecessor2 = [[H. M. Patel]]
| successor2 = [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna]]
| office1 = 3rd [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
| primeminister1 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| alongside1 = [[Jagjivan Ram]]
| term_start1 = 24 January 1979
| term_end1 = 16 July 1979
| predecessor1 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| successor1 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| office4 = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister4 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| term_start4 = 24 March 1977
| term_end4 = 1 July 1978
| predecessor4 = [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
| successor4 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| office5 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|5th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start5 = 18 February 1970
| term_end5 = 1 October 1970
| governor5 = [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]]
| predecessor5 = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
| successor5 = [[President's rule]]
| term_start6 = 3 April 1967
| term_end6 = 25 February 1968
| governor6 = [[Bishwanath Das]] Bezawada Gopala Reddy
| deputy6 = [[Ram Prakash Gupta]]
| predecessor6 = Chandra Bhanu Gupta
| successor6 = [[President's rule]]
| birth_name = Chaudhary Charan Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1902|12|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Noorpur Village, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]], [[Meerut district]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Hapur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1987|5|29|1902|12|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| party = [[Janata Party (Secular)]] (1979–1980)
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (Before 1967) [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]] (1967–1977) [[Janata Party]] (1977–1979) [[Lokdal]] (1980–1987) 
| spouse = Gayatri Devi
| children = 6; including [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]]
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra|Agra University]]
| signature =
}}
'''Chaudhary Charan Singh''' (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) served as the [[List of Prime Ministers of India|5th]] [[Prime Minister of India]] between 28 July 1979 and 14 January 1980. Historians and people alike frequently refer to him as the 'champion of India's peasants.'<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Byres|first=Terence J.|date=1 January 1988|title=Charan Singh, 1902–87: An assessment|journal=The Journal of Peasant Studies|volume=15|issue=2|pages=139–189|doi=10.1080/03066158808438356}}</ref>

Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 in a rural peasant [[Jat people|Jat]] family and [[Teotia]] clan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prime Ministers of India - Charan Singh|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/prime-ministers-of-india/charan-singh}}</ref> of village [[Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]], District [[Hapur]] (Erstwhile District [[Meerut]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]] (Erstwhile [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=932 |publisher=The Churchill Centre|title=India: Making headway with the critics |author=The Churchill Centre |year=2002 |access-date=11 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623171705/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=932 |archive-date=23 June 2006 }}</ref> Charan Singh entered politics as part of the [[India's Independence Movement|Independence Movement]] motivated by Mohandas Gandhi. He was active from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District [[Arya Samaj]] as well as the Meerut District [[Indian National Congress]] for which he was jailed twice by the British. Before independence, as a member of Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces elected in 1937, he took a deep interest in the laws that were detrimental to the village economy and he slowly built his ideological and practical stand against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.

Between 1952 and 1967, he was one of "three principal leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable in [[Uttar Pradesh]] from the 1950s for drafting and ensuring the passage of what were then the most revolutionary land reform laws in any state in India under the tutelage of the then Chief Minister [[Govind Ballabh Pant|Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant]]; first as [[Parliamentary Secretary]] and then as Revenue Minister responsible for Land Reforms. He became visible on the national stage from 1959 when he publicly opposed the unquestioned leader and Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's]] socialistic and collectivist land policies in the Nagpur Congress Session. Though his position in the faction-ridden UP Congress was weakened, this was a point when the middle peasant communities across castes in North India began looking up to him as their spokesperson and later as their unquestioned leader. Singh stood for tight government spending, enforced consequences for corrupt officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with the demands of government employees for increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth noting that within the factional UP Congress, his ability to articulate his clear policies and values made him stand out from his colleagues. Following this period, Charan Singh defected from the Congress on 1 April 1967, joined the opposition party, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.<ref name=brass>{{Cite journal|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=1993|title=Chaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life|jstor=4400204|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=28|issue=39|pages=2087–2090}}</ref> This was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong force in India from 1967–1971.

As leader of the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]], a major constituent of the [[Janata Party|Janata coalition]], he was disappointed in his ambition to become Prime Minister in 1977 by [[Jayaprakash Narayan|Jayaprakash Narayan's]] choice of [[Morarji Desai]].

During [[1977 Indian general election|1977 Lok Sabha Elections]], the fragmented opposition united a few months before the elections under the Janata Party banner, for which Chaudhary Charan Singh had been struggling almost single-handedly since 1974. It was because of the efforts of [[Raj Narain]] that he became Prime Minister in the year 1979 though Raj Narain was Chairman of Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him as Prime Minister, the way he helped him to become Chief Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh. However, he resigned after just 24 weeks in office when [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi's]] [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] withdrew support to the government. Charan Singh said he resigned because he was not ready to be blackmailed into withdrawing Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.<ref name="Charan singh resigns">{{cite news|title=Charan singh resigns|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19790821&id=GctAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3658,4158767|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Glasgow Herald|date=21 August 1979}}</ref> Fresh elections were held six months later. Charan Singh continued to lead the Lok Dal in opposition until his death in 1987.

==Early years – pre-Independence India==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2012}}

Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], [[Raja Nahar Singh]] of [[Ballabhgarh]] (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows in [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Delhi]]. In order to escape the oppression from the [[British Raj|British Government]] following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, including Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastward to district Bulandshaher in Uttar Pradesh.

Charan Singh was born in Jat family on 23 December 1902 in the village [[Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]], [[Meerut district]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]]). He was a good student, and received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926 from Agra University. He started practice as a civil lawyer at [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]] in 1928.

In February 1937 he was elected from the constituency of [[Chhaprauli]] (Baghpat) to the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces at the age of 34. In 1938 he introduced an Agricultural Produce Market Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of The [[Hindustan Times]] of Delhi dated 31 March 1938. The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against the rapacity of traders. The Bill was adopted by most of the States in India, [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] being the first state to do so in 1940.

Charan Singh followed [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943.

==Independent India==

Charan Singh opposed [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on his Soviet-style economic reforms. Charan Singh was of the opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator. He wanted to preserve and stabilize a system of peasant proprietorship.<ref name=brass/> Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.

Charan Singh left the Congress party in 1967, and formed his own political party, [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]. With the help and support of [[Raj Narain]] and [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], he became [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] in 1967, and later in 1970. In 1975, he was jailed again, but this time by then Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], daughter of his former rival Nehru. She had declared the [[Indian Emergency (1975-1977)|state of emergency]] and jailed all her political opponents. In the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 general elections]], the Indian populace voted her out, and the opposition party, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power. He served as [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy Prime Minister]], [[Home Minister of India|Home Minister]] and Finance minister in the [[Premiership of Morarji Desai|Janata government headed by Morarji Desai]].

==Prime Ministership==
When the Janata Party won the [[1977 Indian general election|Lok Sabha elections in 1977]], its MPs authorized Congress elders [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and [[Acharya Kripalani]] to choose the Prime Minister. Morarji Desai was chosen and he named Singh Home Minister. Singh was asked to resign in June 1978 following disagreements with Desai, but was brought back to the cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister in January 1979. The truce did not last long, and a mutiny reduced the government to a minority. Charan Singh was sworn in as Prime Minister on 28 July 1979, with outside support from Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) party and with [[Yeshwantrao Chavan]] of the [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|Congress (Socialist)]] party as his Deputy Prime Minister. Just before he was to confirm his majority in the Lok Sabha, Indira Gandhi withdrew support to his government. He resigned on 20 August 1979, after just 23 days in office, becoming the only Prime Minister never to obtain the confidence of Parliament. Singh then advised President [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] to dissolve the Lok Sabha. Janata Party leader [[Jagjivan Ram]] challenged that advice and sought time to cobble support, but the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and Charan Singh continued as caretaker Prime Minister until January 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-august-21-1979-charan-govt-resigns-5921778/|title = Forty Years Ago, August 21, 1979: Charan Govt Resigns|date = 21 August 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Charan Singh had six children with wife Gayatri Devi (1905-2002). Gayatri Devi was elected an MLA from [[Iglas (Assembly constituency) | Iglas]] in 1969, from Gokul in 1974, then elected to Lok Sabha from [[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency) | Kairana]] in 1980, and lost Lok Sabha election from [[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]] in 1984. His son [[Ajit Singh (Indian politician)|Ajit Singh]] was the president of a political party [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] and a former Union Minister and a many times Member of Parliament. Ajit Singh's son [[Jayant Chaudhary]] was elected to [[15th Lok Sabha]] from Mathura, which he lost to [[Hema Malini]] in the election of 2014.

Singh suffered a [[stroke]] on 29 November 1985. He could not completely recover from the condition despite being treated the following March at a hospital in the US. At 11:35 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 28 May 1987 doctors were called for to his residence in [[New Delhi]], after his respiration was found "unsteady". Efforts to revive him failed and was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) the following morning after a "cardiovascular collapse".<ref>{{cite news|title=Charan Singh Dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=woJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=955%2C2755701|access-date=26 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=30 May 1987}}</ref>

==Legacy==
{{See also|:Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh}}

He was the chief architect of land reforms in U.P.; he took a leading part in formulation and finalization of the Dept. Redemption Bill 1939, which brought great relief to rural debtors. It was also at his initiative that the salaries and other privileges enjoyed by Ministers in U.P. were drastically reduced. As Chief Minister he was instrumental in bringing about the Land Holding Act 1960 which was aimed at lowering the ceiling on land holdings to make it uniform throughout the State.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
Since his death, many who knew Singh have ensured his life and work are remembered positively. These perceptions enforce the notion that he was of a "higher category of leaders" in the areas of "intellect, personal integrity, and . . . coherence of his economic and social thought."<ref name=brass/> His association with causes dear to farming communities in India caused his memorial in New Delhi to be named ''[[Raj Ghat and other memorials|Kisan Ghat]]'' (in [[Hindi]], Kisan is the word for farmer and Ghat is word for river bank). His birthday on 23 December is celebrated as [[Kisan Diwas]] in India. A commemorative [[postage stamp]] was issued by the government of India on the third death anniversary (29 May 1990) of Charan Singh.

The [[Amausi Airport]] in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] was renamed Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport after him, and the University of [[Meerut]] in Uttar Pradesh, India, was also named [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]] in his honour.

== In popular culture ==
''Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh'' is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to the [[Agriculture in India|Indian agriculture sector]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=KISAN KRANTI KE PRENTA CHOWDHARY CHARAN SINGH {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kisan-kranti-ke-prenta-chowdhary-charan-singh|access-date=2021-06-10|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Films Division|title=Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta - Ch. Charan Singh - Part 2|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNUFhZix6TU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zNUFhZix6TU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-06-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series ''[[Pradhanmantri]]'' ({{Lit|Prime Minister}}), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,<ref>{{Cite web|date=Oct 6, 2013|title=Pradhanmantri - Episode 13: India after emergency, Janata Party wins general election|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMTXTPAvfxk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/QMTXTPAvfxk |archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|publisher=ABP News}}{{cbignore}}</ref> by Sundaram in the 2019 film ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' which is based on the life of Indian actor-politician [[N. T. Rama Rao]].,<ref>{{Cite web|title=NTR: Kathanayakudu|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]|language=en-us}}</ref> and by [[Govind Namdeo]] in the 2021 film ''[[Main Mulayam Singh Yadav]]'' which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CM [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=Jul 15, 2020|title=Main Mulayam Singh Yadav {{!}} Official Trailer|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Books==
* ''Agrarian Revolution in Uttar Pradesh'' (1957)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agrarian Revolution in Uttar Pradesh {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/316|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
*''Joint Farming X-rayed'' (1959)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joint Farming X-Rayed: the Problem and its Solution {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/554|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
* ''India's Economic Policy – The Gandhian Blueprint'' (1978)<ref>{{Cite web|title=India’s Economic Policy – The Gandhian Blueprint {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/550|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
* ''Economic Nightmare of India: Its Cause and Cure'' (1981)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Economic Nightmare of India – Its Cause and Cure {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/544|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
* ''Abolition of Zamindari (1947)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abolition of Zamindari, Two Alternatives {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/243|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
* ''Co-operative Farming X''
* ''Prevention of Division of Holdings Below a Certain Minimum''
*''India’s Poverty and It’s Solution'' (1964)<ref>{{Cite web|title=India’s Poverty and It’s Solution {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/552|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>
*''Land Reforms in UP and the Kulaks (1986)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Land Reforms in UP and the Kulaks {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/536|access-date=2021-12-27|website=charansingh.org}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Paul R Brass|author-link=Paul Brass|title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1957 to 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOH1MAEACAAJ|year=2012|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0947-1}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Charan Singh}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* {{OL author}}
* [https://charansingh.org Public archives on Charan Singh]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Charan}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
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[[Category:Charan Singh administration]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
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