CarmenCarey59: enhance article per sources and improved wording

2026-01-29T13:28:40Z

enhance article per sources and improved wording

Show changes

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

2022-10-17T05:08:06Z

robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

Show changes

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-30T01:46:39Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

Show changes

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

2021-04-22T12:25:14Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 17:55, 22 April 2021
(No difference)

simple>Narayana jaldu: I changed the SATCAT no. of the satelite as it is wrong.

2020-04-18T12:43:56Z

I changed the SATCAT no. of the satelite as it is wrong.

New page

{{redlinks}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Chandrayaan-2
| image = Chandrayaan-2 lander and orbiter integrated module.jpg
| image_caption = Chandrayaan-2 composite
| image_size =
| mission_type = [[Moon|Lunar]] [[orbiter]], [[Lunar lander|lander]], [[Lunar rover|rover]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)
| COSPAR_ID =2019-042A
| SATCAT =44441
| website = {{URL|https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home-0}}
| mission_duration = Orbiter: > 1 year ''Vikram'' lander ≤ 14 days<ref name="duration">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/sac-to-deliver-eyes-and-ears-of-chandrayaan-2-by-2015-end |title=ISRO to deliver "eyes and ears" of Chandrayaan-2 by 2015-end |work=The Indian Express |first=Avinash |last=Nair |date=31 May 2015 |accessdate=7 August 2016}}</ref> ''Pragyan'' rover: ≤ 14 days<ref name="duration" />
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)
| launch_mass = Combined (wet): {{convert|3850|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CY2_LaunchKit">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/gslvmkiii-m1c2/files/assets/common/downloads/GSLV%20MkIII-M1.pdf|title=Launch Kit of GSLV Mk III M1 Chandrayaan-2|date=19 July 2019|website=ISRO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719131530/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/gslvmkiii-m1c2/files/assets/common/downloads/GSLV%20MkIII-M1.pdf|archive-date=19 July 2019|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="ndtv20180829">{{cite news |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/chandrayaan-2-to-be-launched-in-january-2019-says-isro-chief-1907969 |title=Chandrayaan-2 to Be Launched in January 2019, Says ISRO Chief |work=Gadgets360 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |agency=Press Trust of India |date=29 August 2018 |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="idos20180828">{{cite press release |title=ISRO to send first Indian into Space by 2022 as announced by PM, says Dr Jitendra Singh |date=28 August 2018 |publisher=[[Department of Space]] |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183103 |access-date=29 August 2018}}</ref> Combined (dry): {{convert|1308|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CY2_DryMass">{{cite news |title=Chandrayaan-2: All you need to know about India's 2nd Moon mission |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-2nd-moon-mission/articleshow/70207662.cms |accessdate=22 July 2019 |date=22 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714030717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-2nd-moon-mission/articleshow/70207662.cms |archivedate=14 July 2019}}</ref> Orbiter (wet): {{convert|2379|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="ndtv20180829"/><ref name="idos20180828" /> Orbiter (dry): {{convert|682|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CY2_DryMass"/> ''Vikram'' lander (wet): {{convert|1471|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="ndtv20180829"/><ref name="idos20180828" /> ''Vikram'' lander (dry): {{convert|626|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CY2_DryMass"/> ''Pragyan'' rover: {{convert|27|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="ndtv20180829"/><ref name="idos20180828" />

| payload_mass =
| dimensions =
| power = Orbiter: {{cvt|1|kW}}<ref>{{cite web|title = Chandrayaan-2 – Home|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home#missionintro| accessdate = June 20, 2019| publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]}}</ref>
''Vikram'' lander: {{cvt|650|W}}
''Pragyan'' rover: {{cvt|50|W}}
| launch_date = 22 July 2019, 14:43:12 IST (09:13:12 UTC)<ref name="'Cdy-2 new schedule'">{{cite web|title = Chandrayan-2 Launch Rescheduled on 22nd July, 2019, AT 14:43 HRS|url = https://www.isro.gov.in/update/18-jul-2019/chandrayaan-2-launch-rescheduled-22nd-july-2019-1443-hrs|date = July 18, 2019|accessdate = July 18, 2019|publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]}}</ref>

| launch_rocket = [[GSLV Mk III]]<ref name="gslv3" /><ref name="gslv2">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms |title=ISRO chief signals India's readiness for Chandrayaan II mission |work=The Times of India |agency=Times News Network |first=Jaideep |last=Shenoy |date=28 February 2016 |accessdate=7 August 2016}}</ref>
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)
|interplanetary =
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = orbiter
|object = [[Moon]]
|component = 
|arrival_date = 20 August 2019, 09:02 IST (03:32 UTC) <ref name="TG_20190722">{{cite news |last1=Ratcliffe |first1=Rebecca |title=India's Chandrayaan-2 moon mission lifts off a week after aborted launch |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/22/indias-chandrayaan-2-moon-mission-lifts-off-a-week-after-aborted-launch |accessdate=23 July 2019 |date=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="autogeneratediii">{{cite web |title=GSLV-Mk III – M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/gslv-mk-iii-m1-chandrayaan-2-mission |website=ISRO.gov.in |accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref>
|periapsis = {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="AS">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TzL1UTELgc |title=Chandrayaan-2 – India's Second Moon Mission |work=YouTube.com |publisher=Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics |first=Aluru Seelin |last=Kiran Kumar |author-link=A. S. Kiran Kumar |date=August 2015 |accessdate=7 August 2016}}</ref>
|apoapsis = {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="AS" />
|inclination = 90° (polar orbit)
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = lander
|object = [[Moon]]
|component = rover
|arrival_date = (Planned) 7 September 2019, 01:55 IST (6 September 2019, 20:25 UTC) <ref name="autogeneratediii"/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=ISRO aims for Chandrayaan-2 landing at 1.55 AM on September 07, says Dr K. Sivan |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192723 |accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref>
}}

| programme = [[Chandrayaan programme]]
| previous_mission = [[Chandrayaan-1]]
| next_mission = [[Chandrayaan-3]]
}}
'''Chandrayaan-2,''' meaning Lunar Craft or Moon Craft, ( {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}}) is India's second [[moon]] mission after [[Chandrayaan-1]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-begins-flight-integration-activity-for-chandrayaan-2-as-scientists-tests-lander-and-rover-4905883/|title=ISRO begins flight integration activity for Chandrayaan-2, as scientists tests lander and rover|date=25 October 2017|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=21 December 2017|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> Made by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-nearly-ready-for-july-launch/articleshow/69724508.cms|title=Chandrayaan-2 nearly ready for July launch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-gears-up-for-chandrayaan-2-mission/article27705909.ece|title=ISRO gears up for Chandrayaan-2 mission|last1=d. s|first1=Madhumathi|date=9 June 2019|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> the mission was launched from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|second launch pad]] at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] on 22 July 2019 at 2:43 PM IST (09:13 UTC) to the [[Moon]] by a [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III]] (GSLV Mk III).<ref name="gslv3">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms |title=Chandrayaan-2 launch put off: India, Israel in lunar race for 4th position |work=The Times of India |agency=Times News Network |first=Surendra |last=Singh |date=5 August 2018 |accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="gslv2" /><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/chandrayaan-2-launch-bahubali-rocket-takeoff-2-43-pm-monday-1572017-2019-07-21 Chandrayaan-2 Launch Mission: Bahubali rocket set to take-off at 2:43 pm on Monday - SCIENCE News]</ref> A proper landing on the [[lunar south pole]] would make India the 4th country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, after the space agencies of the [[United States|USA]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/india-to-launch-moon-mission-in-july-eyes-entry-into-elite-club|title=India Plans to Launch Moon Mission in July|date=2019-06-12|access-date=2019-06-14|language=en}}</ref> The mission landing was expected on 7 September 2019 at 01:55 AM IST (6 September 2019, 20:25 UTC) <ref name="autogeneratediii"/><ref name="autogenerated1"/> but crashed when it lost communication at a 2100 metre altitude.

== History ==
On 12 November 2007, the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO agreed to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nerve.in/news:25350099047|title=India, Russia to expand n-cooperation, defer Kudankulam deal|last=Chand|first=Manish|date=12 November 2007|work=Nerve|accessdate=12 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113024836/http://www.nerve.in/news%3A25350099047|archivedate=13 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ISRO would be in charge of the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to build the lander.<ref name="Hindu3">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article1341321.ece|title=Cabinet clears Chandrayaan-2|last=Sunderarajan|first=P.|date=19 September 2008|work=The Hindu|accessdate=23 October 2008}}</ref> The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review.<ref name="design_complete_1">{{cite news|url=http://www.domain-b.com/aero/space/spacemissions/20090817_chandrayaan-2_design.html|title=ISRO completes Chandrayaan-2 design|date=17 August 2009|accessdate=20 August 2009|website=Domain-b.com}}</ref><ref name="design_complete_2">{{cite news|url=http://sputniknews.com/world/20090817/155832962.html|title=India and Russia complete design of new lunar probe|date=17 August 2009|work=Sputnik News|accessdate=20 August 2009|agency=RIA Novosti}}</ref>

Although ISRO finalised the payload for Chandrayaan-2 on schedule, the mission was moved to 2016 because Russia was unable to build the lander on time.<ref name="delay">{{cite news|url=http://www.asianscientist.com/2012/02/topnews/india-chandrayaan-2-moon-mission-delayed-after-russian-probe-failure-lev-zelyony-2012/|title=India's Chandrayaan-2 Moon Mission Likely Delayed After Russian Probe Failure|last=Laxman|first=Srinivas|date=6 February 2012|work=Asian Scientist|accessdate=5 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="ndtv20120909">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-next-moon-mission-depends-on-russia-isro-chief-498868|title=India's next moon mission depends on Russia: ISRO chief|date=9 September 2012|work=[[NDTV]]|agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> When Russia decided it would not be able to build a lander by 2015, India decided to develop the lunar mission on its own.<ref name="postponed">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandrayaan2-india-to-go-it-alone/article4329844.ece|title=Chandrayaan-2: India to go it alone|last=Ramachandran|first=R.|date=22 January 2013|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98239|title=Chandrayaan-2 would be a lone mission by India without Russian tie-up.|last=|first=|date=14 August 2013|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98239|title=Chandrayaan-2|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>

The spacecraft's launch had been scheduled for March 2018, but was delayed.<ref name="sfn-sched">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/|title=Launch Schedule|last=Clark|first=Stephen|date=15 August 2018|work=Spaceflight Now|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816161152/https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/|archivedate=16 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="econtimes20180323">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/chandrayaan-2-launch-postponed-to-october-isro-chief/articleshow/63429955.cms|title=Chandrayaan-2 launch postponed to October: ISRO chief|date=23 March 2018|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=16 August 2018|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> Two of the lander's legs got minor damage during one of the tests in February 2019, making the launch date even later.<ref name="on hold">{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/space/india-moon-lander-damaged-chandrayaan-2-launch|title=India's Moon Lander Damaged During Test, Chandrayaan 2 Launch Put on Hold|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref>

== Goals ==
The main goals of Chandrayaan-2 are to demonstrate the ability to [[Soft landing (aeronautics)|soft-land]] on the [[lunar surface]] and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Studies of [[lunar topography]],[[mineralogy]], [[elemental abundance]], the [[lunar exosphere]], and signatures of [[hydroxyl]] and [[Lunar water|water ice]] are the scientific goals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN2 |title=Chandrayaan 2 |work=[[NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|NSSDCA Master Catalog]] |publisher=NASA |accessdate=3 July 2019}}</ref> The orbiter will [[surveying|survey]] the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also survey the surface while studying the [[Lunar water|water ice]] in the [[lunar south pole]] and thickness of the [[Lunar soil]] on the surface.<ref>{{cite web |last=Banerji |first=Abigail |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/chandrayaan-2-orbiter-will-scan-and-make-a-comprehensive-map-of-the-lunar-surface-6892891.html |title=Chandrayaan 2: Everything you need to know about the orbiter's mission and design |work=[[Firstpost|Tech2]] |date=13 July 2019 |accessdate=14 July 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:India]]
[[Category:Planetary rovers]]
[[Category:September 2019 events]]

Chandrayaan-2 - Revision history

CarmenCarey59: enhance article per sources and improved wording

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

simple>Narayana jaldu: I changed the SATCAT no. of the satelite as it is wrong.