Chandel Empire - Revision history

Vishvaksena at 07:48, 29 August 2026

2026-08-29T07:48:58Z

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Vishvaksena: Vishvaksena moved page Chandel Empire of Jejakabhukti to Chandel Empire: Short name

2026-08-29T07:44:49Z

Vishvaksena moved page Chandel Empire of Jejakabhukti to Chandel Empire: Short name

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Vishvaksena: Vishvaksena moved page Chandelas of Jejakabhukti to Chandel Empire of Jejakabhukti: Original name

2026-05-07T03:08:09Z

Vishvaksena moved page Chandelas of Jejakabhukti to Chandel Empire of Jejakabhukti: Original name

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NewtonKelson9: Refined content and updated sections

2026-03-06T19:08:35Z

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Vishvaksena at 00:21, 20 May 2024

2024-05-20T00:21:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:51, 20 May 2024
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2022}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2022}}
	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
	\|conventional_long_name = Chandelas of Jejakabhukti		\|name = ''Chandel dynasty of Jejakabhukti''
			\|conventional_long_name = Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
	\|common_name = Chandel Empire		\|common_name = Chandel Empire
	\|era = [[Medieval India]]		\|era = [[Medieval India]]
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	\| title_leader = [[Emperor]] ([[Emperor\|Kalanjaradhipati]])		\| title_leader = [[Emperor]] ([[Emperor\|Kalanjaradhipati]])
	\| event1 = Rise of Empire		\| event1 = Rise of Empire
	\| date_event1 = ~~1028~~ CE		\| date_event1 = 9th CE
	\| event2 = ~~Empire at its peak~~		\| event2 =
	\| date_event2 = ~~1092 CE~~		\| date_event2 =
	\|event3 = Fall of Empire		\|event3 = Fall of Empire
	\| date_event3 = 1203 CE		\| date_event3 = 1203 CE
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	\| symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman\|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti		\| symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman\|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
	}}		}}
	The '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''', ([[Devanagari]]: जेजाकभुक्ति के चन्देल, colloquially known as the '''Chandel of Mahoba'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Raychaudhuri \|first=Tapan \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L-s8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA93&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgOEAM \|title=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750 \|last2=Habib \|first2=Irfan \|last3=Kumar \|first3=Dharma \|date=1982 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|isbn=978-0-521-22692-9 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Cunningham \|first=Sir Alexander \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4V4CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP19&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandelas%20of%20Mahoba&f=false \|title=Coins of Ancient India from the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century A.D. \|date=1891 \|publisher=Quaritch \|language=en}}</ref> or '''Chandel Empire'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gangoly \|first=Ordhendra Coomar \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=leBOAAAAYAAJ&q=Chandela+Empire&dq=Chandela+Empire&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkrORpsWCAxXkSWwGHVbZCo0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#Chandela%20Empire \|title=The Art of the Chandelas \|date=1957 \|publisher=Rupa \|language=en}}</ref>) was an Indian dynasty, which was founded by [[Heheya Kingdom\|Haihayavanshi]] Chandel ruler [[Nannuka\|Chandravarman II]]. Chandels once ruled almost the entire India from there capital in Jejakabhukti region and saved Hindus from Muslim invaders.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TKvEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5woqH9ceDAxWwklYBHUfNA58Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20&f=false\|title=Raja Bhoj Parmaron Ki Gorvanshiya Virasat\|last=sakalle\|first=Jairam Sitaram Pawar & Vinayak\|date=2023-06-13\|publisher=Blue Rose Publishers\|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Taṇḍana \|first=Premanārāyaṇa \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a0shAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq52v2LaBAxWG1GEKHX_kClE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 \|title=ब्रजभाषा सूर-कोश: Nirdeśaka Dīnadayālu Gupta \|date=1962 \|publisher=Lakhanaū Viśvavidyālaya \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kapoor \|first=Badrinath \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brihat_Pramanik_Hindi_Kosh.html?id=hkmDkkI5JYYC \|title=Brihat Pramanik Hindi Kosh \|date=2006-09-01 \|publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-8031-057-7 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Verma \|first=Dr Shyam Bahadur \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Prabhat_Brihat_Hindi_Shabdakosh_Vol_1.html?id=hr9Zl_7g8HAC \|title=Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh (Vol-1): Bestseller Book by Dr Shyam Bahadur Verma: Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh) \|date=2010-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-769-1 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thakur ‘Bipin’ \|first=Dr Bindeshwari Prasad \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Ht3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYfu2baBAxUddfUHHTlyCisQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&f=false \|title=BHARTIYA SANSKRITI KE GAKAAR PRATEEK \|publisher=Sarv Bhasha Trust \|isbn=978-93-93605-21-4 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book \|author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] \|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity; 2d ed. 1953 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Society \|first=Bihar and Orissa Research \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IahEAQAAMAAJ&q=kharavela+chakravarti&dq=kharavela+chakravarti&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgorSBt66BAxWSPXAKHWHvDBAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#kharavela%20chakravarti \|title=Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society \|date=1917 \|publisher=The Society \|language=en}}</ref> They belonged to the ~~[[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Haihayavanshi]]~~ [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel ~~Yadava~~]] clan of the [[Rajput]]s.<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''', ([[Devanagari]]: जेजाकभुक्ति के चन्देल, colloquially known as the '''Chandel of Mahoba'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Raychaudhuri \|first=Tapan \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L-s8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA93&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgOEAM \|title=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750 \|last2=Habib \|first2=Irfan \|last3=Kumar \|first3=Dharma \|date=1982 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|isbn=978-0-521-22692-9 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Cunningham \|first=Sir Alexander \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4V4CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP19&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandelas%20of%20Mahoba&f=false \|title=Coins of Ancient India from the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century A.D. \|date=1891 \|publisher=Quaritch \|language=en}}</ref> or '''Chandel Empire'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gangoly \|first=Ordhendra Coomar \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=leBOAAAAYAAJ&q=Chandela+Empire&dq=Chandela+Empire&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkrORpsWCAxXkSWwGHVbZCo0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#Chandela%20Empire \|title=The Art of the Chandelas \|date=1957 \|publisher=Rupa \|language=en}}</ref>) was an Indian dynasty, which was founded by [[Heheya Kingdom\|Haihayavanshi]] Chandel ruler [[Nannuka\|Chandravarman II (Nannukavarman)]]. Chandels once ruled almost the entire India from there capital in Jejakabhukti region and saved Hindus from Muslim invaders.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TKvEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5woqH9ceDAxWwklYBHUfNA58Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20&f=false\|title=Raja Bhoj Parmaron Ki Gorvanshiya Virasat\|last=sakalle\|first=Jairam Sitaram Pawar & Vinayak\|date=2023-06-13\|publisher=Blue Rose Publishers\|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Taṇḍana \|first=Premanārāyaṇa \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a0shAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq52v2LaBAxWG1GEKHX_kClE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 \|title=ब्रजभाषा सूर-कोश: Nirdeśaka Dīnadayālu Gupta \|date=1962 \|publisher=Lakhanaū Viśvavidyālaya \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kapoor \|first=Badrinath \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brihat_Pramanik_Hindi_Kosh.html?id=hkmDkkI5JYYC \|title=Brihat Pramanik Hindi Kosh \|date=2006-09-01 \|publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-8031-057-7 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Verma \|first=Dr Shyam Bahadur \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Prabhat_Brihat_Hindi_Shabdakosh_Vol_1.html?id=hr9Zl_7g8HAC \|title=Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh (Vol-1): Bestseller Book by Dr Shyam Bahadur Verma: Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh) \|date=2010-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-769-1 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thakur ‘Bipin’ \|first=Dr Bindeshwari Prasad \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Ht3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYfu2baBAxUddfUHHTlyCisQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&f=false \|title=BHARTIYA SANSKRITI KE GAKAAR PRATEEK \|publisher=Sarv Bhasha Trust \|isbn=978-93-93605-21-4 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book \|author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] \|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity; 2d ed. 1953 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Society \|first=Bihar and Orissa Research \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IahEAQAAMAAJ&q=kharavela+chakravarti&dq=kharavela+chakravarti&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgorSBt66BAxWSPXAKHWHvDBAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#kharavela%20chakravarti \|title=Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society \|date=1917 \|publisher=The Society \|language=en}}</ref> They belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel Yādava]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Chandravanahi Rajput]]s.<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}
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	The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti ruled under the Pratiharas of Kanyakubja until the 9th century. The 9th-century Chandel ruler Yashovarman I, who assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja, initially acknowledged Pratihara suzerainty but within a few months became practically independent. The inscriptions describe his "Digvijaya" in which he defeated the many kingdoms including the king of Gurjara country i.e. Pratiharas, the Paramara king Siyaka of Malwa and the Rashtrakuta king. Thus the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti became the main sovereign power during the time of Yashovarman I. During ~~[[Vidyadharavarman]]~~ to [[Paramardivarman]], Chandels achieved success over [[Kalinga]], [[Paramara]]s, Kalachuris, ~~Gahadwals~~ etc kingdoms and subjugated them. Although many times they would rebel and become independent, but within a few days the Chandels would defeat them and again subdue them. The Chaulukyas and some states of southern India paid tribute to the Chandel empire. The reason for the downfall was being engaged in war with the rebel occupied kings or feudatories from time to time due to which the army was not fully prepared during external aggressions. In 1203 BC, The Chandels were decimated by the suddenly Ghurid Invasion but were soon revived by Trailokyavarman, the son of Paramardivarman. Trailokyavarman also defeated Iltutmish and brought many kings of Central and North India back under Chandel rule, which lasted till 1545. In between, some kings refused to accept subordination, but in a few days they again became subject to the Chandels after defeating. Hammiravarman, son of Viravarman I, defeated Alauddin Khilji on the banks of the confluence of Yamuna-Betwa river in 1309 AD. The Chandels ruled central India until 1545 AD, repulsing many Muslim invasions. The last ruler was Kirttivarman II, who was killed in the battle against Islam Shah Suri.		The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti ruled under the Pratiharas of Kanyakubja until the 9th century. The 9th-century Chandel ruler Yashovarman I, who assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja, initially acknowledged Pratihara suzerainty but within a few months became practically independent. The inscriptions describe his "Digvijaya" in which he defeated the many kingdoms including the king of Gurjara country i.e. Pratiharas, the Paramara king Siyaka of Malwa and the Rashtrakuta king. Thus the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti became the main sovereign power during the time of Yashovarman I. During Emperor Yashovarman I to [[Paramardivarman]], Chandels achieved success over [[Kalinga]], [[Paramara]]s, Kalachuris, [[Vanga]], [[Konkan]], Gahadvalas etc kingdoms and subjugated them. Although many times they would rebel and become independent, but within a few days the Chandels would defeat them and again subdue them. The Chaulukyas and some states of southern India paid tribute to the Chandel empire. The reason for the downfall was being engaged in war with the rebel occupied kings or feudatories from time to time due to which the army was not fully prepared during external aggressions. In 1203 BC, The Chandels were decimated by the suddenly Ghurid Invasion but were soon revived by Trailokyavarman, the son of Paramardivarman. Trailokyavarman also defeated Iltutmish and brought many kings of Central and North India back under Chandel rule, which lasted till 1545. In between, some kings refused to accept subordination, but in a few days they again became subject to the Chandels after defeating. Hammiravarman, son of Viravarman I, defeated Alauddin Khilji on the banks of the confluence of Yamuna-Betwa river in 1309 AD. The Chandels ruled central India until 1545 AD, repulsing many Muslim invasions. The last ruler was Kirttivarman II, who was killed in the battle against Islam Shah Suri.

	The Chandels were mainly [[Vaishnavas]], and the Shaivite Chandels were also supported [[Vaishnavism]] and didn't harmed Jains and Smarthas beliefs. The Chandels were staunch religious, they were anxious not to violate Dharma and sacred law in any way. In several Chandel inscriptions there are references to many Kings who were afraid to offend against the religious law. The Chandels often emphasized the positive duty of following the state through Dharma which was the duty of a Kshatriya ruler.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Banerjee \|first=Anil Chandra \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FV49AAAAMAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2pMDiw8WCAxWKamwGHccMB4E4ChDoAXoECAgQAw \|title=Lectures on Rajput History \|date=1962 \|publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Banerjee \|first=Anil Chandra \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=oaE9AAAAMAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM \|title=Aspects of Rajput State and Society \|date=1983 \|publisher=Rajesh Publications \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gwcwAQAAIAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#Chandellas%20dharma \|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh \|date=1996 \|publisher=Anmol Publications \|isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bakshi \|first=S. R. \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ldo1QtQigosC&pg=PA345&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandellas%20dharma&f=false \|title=Early Aryans to Swaraj \|last2=S.G \|date=2005 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=978-81-7625-537-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Chandela rulers were very often guided and very supported by Brahmin ministers, big scholars and counsellors.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mitra \|first=Sisir Kumar \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA169&dq=Candella+rulers+were+very+often+guided+by+Brahmin+ministers+and+counsellors&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju3peUx8WCAxUpTGwGHf5dAAYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Candella%20rulers%20were%20very%20often%20guided%20by%20Brahmin%20ministers%20and%20counsellors&f=false \|title=The Early Rulers of Khajur (Second Revised Edition) \|date=1977 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1997-9 \|language=en}}</ref>		The Chandels were mainly [[Vaishnavas]], and the Shaivite Chandels were also supported [[Vaishnavism]] and didn't harmed Jains and Smarthas beliefs. The Chandels were staunch religious, they were anxious not to violate Dharma and sacred law in any way. In several Chandel inscriptions there are references to many Kings who were afraid to offend against the religious law. The Chandels often emphasized the positive duty of following the state through Dharma which was the duty of a Kshatriya ruler.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Banerjee \|first=Anil Chandra \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FV49AAAAMAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2pMDiw8WCAxWKamwGHccMB4E4ChDoAXoECAgQAw \|title=Lectures on Rajput History \|date=1962 \|publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Banerjee \|first=Anil Chandra \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=oaE9AAAAMAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM \|title=Aspects of Rajput State and Society \|date=1983 \|publisher=Rajesh Publications \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gwcwAQAAIAAJ&q=Chandellas+dharma&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#Chandellas%20dharma \|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh \|date=1996 \|publisher=Anmol Publications \|isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bakshi \|first=S. R. \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ldo1QtQigosC&pg=PA345&dq=Chandellas+dharma&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiszeinw8WCAxUhS2wGHdy0Dm8Q6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandellas%20dharma&f=false \|title=Early Aryans to Swaraj \|last2=S.G \|date=2005 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=978-81-7625-537-0 \|language=en}}</ref> The Chandela rulers were very often guided and very supported by Brahmin ministers, big scholars and counsellors.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mitra \|first=Sisir Kumar \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA169&dq=Candella+rulers+were+very+often+guided+by+Brahmin+ministers+and+counsellors&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju3peUx8WCAxUpTGwGHf5dAAYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Candella%20rulers%20were%20very%20often%20guided%20by%20Brahmin%20ministers%20and%20counsellors&f=false \|title=The Early Rulers of Khajur (Second Revised Edition) \|date=1977 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1997-9 \|language=en}}</ref>

Vishvaksena at 00:00, 20 May 2024

2024-05-20T00:00:00Z

Show changes

Vishvaksena at 20:25, 11 May 2024

2024-05-11T20:25:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 12 May 2024
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	===Final decline ===		===Final decline ===
	[[~~Paramardi-~~Deva]] (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE) ascended the ~~Chandela~~ throne at ~~a young~~ age.		[[Paramardivarman\|Paramardivarman Deva]] (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE) ascended the Chandel throne at the age of 5. QllIn 1182 CE, [[Paramardivarman]] defeated Chauhan king [[Prithviraj Chauhan\|Prithviraj III]] in battle and repulsed his raid.{{sfn\|Mohinder Singh Randhawa
			\|Indian Council of Agricultural Research\|1980 \| pp= 472}}{{sfn\|M.S. Randhawa\| Indian Sculpture: The Scene, Themes, and Legends \|1985 \| pp= 532}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}}. But to avoid the humiliation of their king, the 16th c Chauhans claimed in ballads, that the Chandels were defeated and Parmardivarman committed suicide around 1185-86 A.D.

	~~According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to~~ [[~~Delhi~~]] ~~after marrying~~ the ~~daughter~~ of ~~Padamsen~~. ~~During this journey~~, he was ~~attacked~~ by ~~Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty~~\|~~Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed~~ to ~~repulse~~ the ~~attacks~~, ~~but suffered serious casualties in~~ the ~~process. They lost their way~~, ~~and arrived in~~ the ~~Chandela capital~~ [[~~Mahoba~~]]. ~~The Chauhan force~~, ~~which had~~ a ~~number~~ of ~~wounded soldiers among them~~, ~~unknowingly set up a camp in~~ the ~~Chandela royal garden~~. ~~They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting~~ to ~~their presence. When Paramardi learned about~~ this, ~~he sent some soldiers to counter~~ the ~~Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in~~ the ~~ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general~~ [[~~Udal of Mahoba\|Udal~~]] ~~against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However~~, ~~Paramardi was under~~ the ~~influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar~~ (~~Pratihara~~), ~~who secretly harboured ill-will against~~ the ~~Chandelas~~. ~~Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan~~. The ~~Chandela force led by Udal then launched a second attack against~~ the ~~Chauhan army~~, ~~but was defeated. The situation subsided~~ when ~~Prithviraj left for~~ Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=~~121~~}}		This is corroborated by his stone inscriptions at [[Madanpur, Lalitpur, India\|Madanpur]]{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}} However, the occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence. Not even by madanpur inscription of Prithviraj Chauhan, that was mere a small raid which was successfully repulsed by Paramardivarman Deva.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardivarman, indicating that he remained a sovereign Emperor.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardivarman ruled the empire until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandel empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardivarman, indicating that he remained a sovereign ruler.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardivarman ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandel kingdom.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}

	Unable to bear Mahil Parihar's political scheming, Udal and his brother [[Alha]] left the Chandela court. They took shelter with [[Jaichand]], the [[Gahadavala]] ruler of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}} Mahil then sent a secret message to Prithviraj Chauhan, informing him that ~~the best generals of Paramardi had left Mahoba. Instigated by~~ him, ~~Prithviraj set out from Delhi in 1182 CE~~ and ~~marched to~~ the Chandela empire via [[Gwalior]] and [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh\|Bateshwar]]. First, he besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Malkhan, a cousin of Alha and Udal. Prithviraj tried to win over Malkhan, but Malkhan remained loyal to Paramardi and fought against the invaders. After Malkhan killed eight generals of the ~~invading army, Prithviraj himself took charge~~ of ~~the battle. The Chandelas ultimately lost the battle, and Malkhan was killed , Paramardideva's son Bramhjit married daughter of Prithviraja's bela chauhan {{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=122}}~~		The 1195 CE Bateshvar inscription states that other feudatory kings bowed before him, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara inscription describes him as the lord of [[Dasharna]] country.
	~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. Main battle between Chandelas Chahamanas War who fought in 1182~~ [[~~Paramardideva~~]] His son Brahmajit, along with Nephew Alha and Udal, led the [[Chandelas]] army against [[Chahamanas]]. In the battle Brahmajit, Udal and the two sons of [[Jaichand]] were killed but [[Paramardideva]] defeated [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] .{{sfn\|Mohinder Singh Randhawa
	\|Indian Council of Agricultural Research\|1980 \| pp= 472}}{{sfn\|M.S. Randhawa\| Indian Sculpture: The Scene, Themes, and Legends \|1985 \| pp= 532}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}}. But to avoid the humiliation of their king, the Chauhans claimed in Madanpur that Chandelas were defeated and Parmardideva committed suicide around 1185-86 A.D.

	~~This is corroborated~~ by ~~his stone inscriptions at~~ [[~~Madanpur, Lalitpur, India\|Madanpur~~]]~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}} However~~, the occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[~~Ajaygarh~~]] ~~stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription,~~ and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi, indicating that he remained a sovereign Emperor.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardideva ruled the empire until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[~~Ajaygarh~~]] ~~stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription~~.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi, indicating that he remained a sovereign ruler.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardi ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela kingdom.~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}~~		The Chandel power did not fully recover from their defeat against the Delhi forces. Paramardivarman was succeeded by [[Trailokyavarman]], [[Viravarman]] and [[Bhojavarman]]. Hammiravarman defeated Allauddin khalji.

	The 1195 CE Bateshvar inscription states that other feudatory kings bowed before him, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara inscription describes him as the lord of [[Dasharna]] country. These evidences suggest that Paramardi managed to recover the Chandela power after Prithviraj Chauhan returned to Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}}		Hammiravarman was succeeded by Viravarman II, whose titles do not indicate a high political status.{{sfn\|Peter Jackson\|2003\|p=199}}{{sfn\|Om Prakash Misra\|2003\|p=11}} Durgavati was married to [[Dalpat Shah]], the adopted son of the king [[Sangram Shah]] of the [[Garha Kingdom]]. According to Abul Fazl, Dalpat Shah was the son of a [[Kachwaha\|Kachhwaha]] Rajput adopted by Raja of Gadha mandla.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dikshit\|first=R. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130\|title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti\|date=1976\|publisher=Abhinav Publications\|isbn=978-81-7017-046-4\|pages=8\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Abul Fazl\|first=Henry Beveridge\|title=Akbarnama Vol-2\|year=1907\|pages=326}}</ref> The [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] of [[mahoba]] and [[Garha Kingdom\|Garha Kingdom dynasty]] (Garha Mandla) dynasties were allied because of this marriage.<ref name="women of India">{{cite book \|author1=Archana Garodia Gupta \|title=The Women Who Ruled India- Leaders. Warriors. Icons. \|date=20 April 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789351951537 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Women_Who_Ruled_India/4XuLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PT67&printsec=frontcover \|language=English \|format=Ebook}}</ref> {{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2013\|p=572}}

	The Chandela power did not fully recover from their defeat against the Delhi forces. Paramardi was succeeded by [[Trailokyavarman]], [[Viravarman]] and [[Bhojavarman]]. The next ruler [[Hammiravarman]] (r. c. 1288-1311 CE) did not use the imperial title [[Maharajadhiraja]], which indicates that the Chandela king had a lower status by his time. The Chandela power continued to decline because of the rising Muslim influence, as well as the rise of other local dynasties, such as the [[Bundela]]s, the Baghelas and the [[Khangar (community)\|Khangars]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=179}}

	Hammiravarman was succeeded by Viravarman II, whose titles do not indicate a high political status.{{sfn\|Peter Jackson\|2003\|p=199}}{{sfn\|Om Prakash Misra\|2003\|p=11}} ~~[[Chandelas of Kalanjara (minor Chandela branch)\|One minor branch of the family continued ruling Kalanjara]]: its ruler was killed by [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s army in 1545 CE.In 1542,~~ Durgavati was married to [[Dalpat Shah]], the adopted son of the king [[Sangram Shah]] of the [[Garha Kingdom]]. According to Abul Fazl, Dalpat Shah was the son of a [[Kachwaha\|Kachhwaha]] Rajput adopted by Raja of Gadha mandla.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dikshit\|first=R. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130\|title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti\|date=1976\|publisher=Abhinav Publications\|isbn=978-81-7017-046-4\|pages=8\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Abul Fazl\|first=Henry Beveridge\|title=Akbarnama Vol-2\|year=1907\|pages=326}}</ref> The [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] of [[mahoba]] and [[Garha Kingdom\|Garha Kingdom dynasty]] (Garha Mandla) dynasties were allied because of this marriage.<ref name="women of India">{{cite book \|author1=Archana Garodia Gupta \|title=The Women Who Ruled India- Leaders. Warriors. Icons. \|date=20 April 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789351951537 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Women_Who_Ruled_India/4XuLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PT67&printsec=frontcover \|language=English \|format=Ebook}}</ref> {{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2013\|p=572}}
	<ref name="women of India"/> Some other ruling families also claimed Chandela descent (see [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]]).		<ref name="women of India"/> Some other ruling families also claimed Chandela descent (see [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]]).

Vishvaksena: /* Revival */

2024-05-11T20:18:23Z

Revival

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:48, 12 May 2024
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	=== Revival ===		=== Revival ===

	By the time Prithvivarman's son [[Madanavarman]] (r. c. 1128–1165 CE) ascended the throne, the neighbouring [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuri]] and [[Paramara]] kingdoms had been weakened by enemy invasions. Taking advantage of this situation, Madanavarman defeated the Kalachuri king [[Gayakarna\|Gaya-Karna]], and ~~possibly annexed the northern part of the [[Baghelkhand]] region~~.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=132}} However, the ~~Chandelas~~ lost this territory to Gaya-Karna's successor [[Narasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)\|Narasimha]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=135}} Madanavarman also captured the territory on the western periphery of the Paramara kingdom, around [[Bhilsa]] (Vidisha). This probably happened during the reign of the Paramara king [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] or his son [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)\|Jayavarman]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=130-132}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=112-113~~}} Once again, the Chandelas could not retain the newly annexed territory for long, and the region was recaptured by Yashovarman's son Lakshmivarman.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=135~~}}		By the time Prithvivarman's son [[Madanavarman]] (r. c. 1128–1165 CE) ascended the throne, the neighbouring [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuri]] and [[Paramara]] kingdoms had been weakened by enemy invasions. Taking advantage of this situation, Madanavarman defeated the Kalachuri king [[Gayakarna\|Gaya-Karna]], and subjected him.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=132}} However, the Chandel's governor lost this territory to Gaya-Karna's successor [[Narasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)\|Narasimha]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=135}} Madanavarman also captured the territory on the western periphery of the Paramara kingdom, around [[Bhilsa]] (Vidisha) and later subjected whole paramara kingdom. This probably happened during the reign of the Paramara king [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] or his son [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)\|Jayavarman]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=130-132}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=112-113}}

	[[Jayasimha Siddharaja]], the [[Chaulukya]] king of Gujarat, also invaded the Paramara territory, which was located between the ~~Chandela~~ and the Chaulukya kingdoms. This brought him in conflict with Madanavarman~~. The result of this conflict appears to have been inconclusive, as records of both the kingdoms claim victory~~.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=133}} A [[Kalanjara]] inscription suggests that Madanavarman defeated Jayasimha. ~~On the other hand, the~~ various chronicles of ~~Gujarat claim~~ that Jayasimha either defeated Madanavarman or extracted a tribute from him.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=133-134}} Madanavarman ~~maintained friendly relations with his northern neighbours, the~~ [[Gahadavala]]s.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=132-133}}		[[Jayasimha Siddharaja]], the [[Chaulukya]] king of Gujarat, also invaded the Paramara territory, which was located between the Chandel and the Chaulukya kingdoms. This brought him in conflict with Madanavarman.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=133}} A [[Kalanjara]] inscription suggests that Madanavarman defeated Jayasimha. The self pro-claimed various chronicles of Chaulukyas claimed that Jayasimha either defeated Madanavarman or extracted a tribute from him.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=133-134}} Madanavarman defeated a [[Gahadavala]] ruler Govindchandra, in which Govindchandra fled from his capital to save his life. Later on the request of Govindchandra, Madanavarman returned his kingdom to him and both became friendly state.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=132-133}}

	Madanavarman's son [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman II]] ~~either did not rule, or~~ ruled for a very short time. ~~Madanavarman's grandson~~ [[~~Paramardi~~\|~~Paramardi-~~deva]] ~~was the last powerful Chandela king~~.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=130}}		Madanavarman's son [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman II]] ruled for a very short time and died in a war. Aftter Yashovarman II, his son [[Paramardivarman\|Paramardivarman deva]] become chandel emperor.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=130}}

	===Final decline ===		===Final decline ===

Vishvaksena at 11:34, 1 March 2024

2024-03-01T11:34:09Z

Show changes

Vishvaksena at 08:24, 1 March 2024

2024-03-01T08:24:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 1 March 2024
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	\| symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman\|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti		\| symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman\|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
	}}		}}
	[[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]] ([[Hindi]]: ''''जेजाकभुक्ति के चन्देल'''' ) colloquially known as the '''Chandel Empire''' or '''Chandel of Mahoba''', were an famous Hindu Rajput dynasty of India which once ruled almost the entire India from there capital in Jejakabhukti region and saved Hindus from Muslim invaders.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TKvEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5woqH9ceDAxWwklYBHUfNA58Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20&f=false\|title=Raja Bhoj Parmaron Ki Gorvanshiya Virasat\|last=sakalle\|first=Jairam Sitaram Pawar & Vinayak\|date=2023-06-13\|publisher=Blue Rose Publishers\|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Taṇḍana \|first=Premanārāyaṇa \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a0shAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq52v2LaBAxWG1GEKHX_kClE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 \|title=ब्रजभाषा सूर-कोश: Nirdeśaka Dīnadayālu Gupta \|date=1962 \|publisher=Lakhanaū Viśvavidyālaya \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kapoor \|first=Badrinath \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brihat_Pramanik_Hindi_Kosh.html?id=hkmDkkI5JYYC \|title=Brihat Pramanik Hindi Kosh \|date=2006-09-01 \|publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-8031-057-7 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Verma \|first=Dr Shyam Bahadur \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Prabhat_Brihat_Hindi_Shabdakosh_Vol_1.html?id=hr9Zl_7g8HAC \|title=Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh (Vol-1): Bestseller Book by Dr Shyam Bahadur Verma: Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh) \|date=2010-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-769-1 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thakur ‘Bipin’ \|first=Dr Bindeshwari Prasad \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Ht3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYfu2baBAxUddfUHHTlyCisQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&f=false \|title=BHARTIYA SANSKRITI KE GAKAAR PRATEEK \|publisher=Sarv Bhasha Trust \|isbn=978-93-93605-21-4 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book \|author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] \|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity; 2d ed. 1953 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Society \|first=Bihar and Orissa Research \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IahEAQAAMAAJ&q=kharavela+chakravarti&dq=kharavela+chakravarti&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgorSBt66BAxWSPXAKHWHvDBAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#kharavela%20chakravarti \|title=Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society \|date=1917 \|publisher=The Society \|language=en}}</ref> {{sfn\| Early Rulers of Khajur (Second Revised Edition)\|p=78}} The Chandel dynasty of Jejakabhukti was founded by [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Haihayavanshi Chandel]] king [[Chandravarman II (Chandel ruler)\|Chandravarman II]].{{sfn\| Edwin Thomas Atkinson\|1971\|p=504}} They were the most prominent ruling family of the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] Rajput clan.<ref> name=":0">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcvhwD5QZKEC&pg=PA172 \|title=Frontiers in Migration Analysis \|author=R. B. Mandal \|publisher=Concept \|year=1981 \|page=172 }}</ref>The dynasty was fully declined on 27 May 1545 after the death of ruler [[Kirttivarman II]] against Suri Empire.{{sfn\|Hindustānī - Volume 36\|1975\|p=54}}{{sfn\|Mug̲h̲ala darabāra, kavi-saṅgītajña: san Ī\| 1531-1707 -\|Śāligrāma Gupta\|1999\|p=210}} ~~Some minor branches~~ of this family with ~~there direct descendant also repulsed Mughals during Aurangzeb~~ even during ~~there~~ decline ~~period~~.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UOIJAQAAMAAJ&q=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&dq=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpsfrJuoaEAxWHXGwGHde0BM0Q6AF6BAgGEAM#Mughal%20Chandelas\|title=Management in Government\|date=2008\|publisher=Department of Administrative Reforms, Ministry of Home Affairs\|language=en}}</ref>		[[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]] ([[Hindi]]: ''''जेजाकभुक्ति के चन्देल'''' ) colloquially known as the '''Chandel Empire''' or '''Chandel of Mahoba''', were an famous Hindu Rajput dynasty of India which once ruled almost the entire India from there capital in Jejakabhukti region and saved Hindus from Muslim invaders.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TKvEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5woqH9ceDAxWwklYBHUfNA58Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20&f=false\|title=Raja Bhoj Parmaron Ki Gorvanshiya Virasat\|last=sakalle\|first=Jairam Sitaram Pawar & Vinayak\|date=2023-06-13\|publisher=Blue Rose Publishers\|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Taṇḍana \|first=Premanārāyaṇa \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a0shAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq52v2LaBAxWG1GEKHX_kClE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 \|title=ब्रजभाषा सूर-कोश: Nirdeśaka Dīnadayālu Gupta \|date=1962 \|publisher=Lakhanaū Viśvavidyālaya \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kapoor \|first=Badrinath \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brihat_Pramanik_Hindi_Kosh.html?id=hkmDkkI5JYYC \|title=Brihat Pramanik Hindi Kosh \|date=2006-09-01 \|publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-8031-057-7 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Verma \|first=Dr Shyam Bahadur \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Prabhat_Brihat_Hindi_Shabdakosh_Vol_1.html?id=hr9Zl_7g8HAC \|title=Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh (Vol-1): Bestseller Book by Dr Shyam Bahadur Verma: Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh) \|date=2010-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-769-1 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thakur ‘Bipin’ \|first=Dr Bindeshwari Prasad \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Ht3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYfu2baBAxUddfUHHTlyCisQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&f=false \|title=BHARTIYA SANSKRITI KE GAKAAR PRATEEK \|publisher=Sarv Bhasha Trust \|isbn=978-93-93605-21-4 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book \|author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] \|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity; 2d ed. 1953 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Society \|first=Bihar and Orissa Research \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IahEAQAAMAAJ&q=kharavela+chakravarti&dq=kharavela+chakravarti&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgorSBt66BAxWSPXAKHWHvDBAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#kharavela%20chakravarti \|title=Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society \|date=1917 \|publisher=The Society \|language=en}}</ref> {{sfn\| Early Rulers of Khajur (Second Revised Edition)\|p=78}} The Chandel dynasty of Jejakabhukti was founded by [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Haihayavanshi Chandel]] king [[Chandravarman II (Chandel ruler)\|Chandravarman II]].{{sfn\| Edwin Thomas Atkinson\|1971\|p=504}} They were the most prominent ruling family of the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] Rajput clan.<ref> name=":0">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcvhwD5QZKEC&pg=PA172 \|title=Frontiers in Migration Analysis \|author=R. B. Mandal \|publisher=Concept \|year=1981 \|page=172 }}</ref>The dynasty was fully declined on 27 May 1545 after the death of ruler [[Kirttivarman II]] against Suri Empire.{{sfn\|Hindustānī - Volume 36\|1975\|p=54}}{{sfn\|Mug̲h̲ala darabāra, kavi-saṅgītajña: san Ī\| 1531-1707 -\|Śāligrāma Gupta\|1999\|p=210}} The direct descendants of this family along with its younger branches did not give up even during their decline and defeated the Mughals under the leadership of Aurangzeb.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UOIJAQAAMAAJ&q=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&dq=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpsfrJuoaEAxWHXGwGHde0BM0Q6AF6BAgGEAM#Mughal%20Chandelas\|title=Management in Government\|date=2008\|publisher=Department of Administrative Reforms, Ministry of Home Affairs\|language=en}}</ref>

	== Origin ==		== Origin ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 12 May 2024
Line 107:		Line 107:

	===Final decline ===		===Final decline ===
	[[~~Paramardi-~~Deva]] (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE) ascended the ~~Chandela~~ throne at ~~a young~~ age.		[[Paramardivarman\|Paramardivarman Deva]] (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE) ascended the Chandel throne at the age of 5. QllIn 1182 CE, [[Paramardivarman]] defeated Chauhan king [[Prithviraj Chauhan\|Prithviraj III]] in battle and repulsed his raid.{{sfn\|Mohinder Singh Randhawa
			\|Indian Council of Agricultural Research\|1980 \| pp= 472}}{{sfn\|M.S. Randhawa\| Indian Sculpture: The Scene, Themes, and Legends \|1985 \| pp= 532}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}}. But to avoid the humiliation of their king, the 16th c Chauhans claimed in ballads, that the Chandels were defeated and Parmardivarman committed suicide around 1185-86 A.D.

	~~According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to~~ [[~~Delhi~~]] ~~after marrying~~ the ~~daughter~~ of ~~Padamsen~~. ~~During this journey~~, he was ~~attacked~~ by ~~Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty~~\|~~Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed~~ to ~~repulse~~ the ~~attacks~~, ~~but suffered serious casualties in~~ the ~~process. They lost their way~~, ~~and arrived in~~ the ~~Chandela capital~~ [[~~Mahoba~~]]. ~~The Chauhan force~~, ~~which had~~ a ~~number~~ of ~~wounded soldiers among them~~, ~~unknowingly set up a camp in~~ the ~~Chandela royal garden~~. ~~They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting~~ to ~~their presence. When Paramardi learned about~~ this, ~~he sent some soldiers to counter~~ the ~~Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in~~ the ~~ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general~~ [[~~Udal of Mahoba\|Udal~~]] ~~against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However~~, ~~Paramardi was under~~ the ~~influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar~~ (~~Pratihara~~), ~~who secretly harboured ill-will against~~ the ~~Chandelas~~. ~~Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan~~. The ~~Chandela force led by Udal then launched a second attack against~~ the ~~Chauhan army~~, ~~but was defeated. The situation subsided~~ when ~~Prithviraj left for~~ Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=~~121~~}}		This is corroborated by his stone inscriptions at [[Madanpur, Lalitpur, India\|Madanpur]]{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}} However, the occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence. Not even by madanpur inscription of Prithviraj Chauhan, that was mere a small raid which was successfully repulsed by Paramardivarman Deva.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardivarman, indicating that he remained a sovereign Emperor.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardivarman ruled the empire until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandel empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardivarman, indicating that he remained a sovereign ruler.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardivarman ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandel kingdom.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}

	Unable to bear Mahil Parihar's political scheming, Udal and his brother [[Alha]] left the Chandela court. They took shelter with [[Jaichand]], the [[Gahadavala]] ruler of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}} Mahil then sent a secret message to Prithviraj Chauhan, informing him that ~~the best generals of Paramardi had left Mahoba. Instigated by~~ him, ~~Prithviraj set out from Delhi in 1182 CE~~ and ~~marched to~~ the Chandela empire via [[Gwalior]] and [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh\|Bateshwar]]. First, he besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Malkhan, a cousin of Alha and Udal. Prithviraj tried to win over Malkhan, but Malkhan remained loyal to Paramardi and fought against the invaders. After Malkhan killed eight generals of the ~~invading army, Prithviraj himself took charge~~ of ~~the battle. The Chandelas ultimately lost the battle, and Malkhan was killed , Paramardideva's son Bramhjit married daughter of Prithviraja's bela chauhan {{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=122}}~~		The 1195 CE Bateshvar inscription states that other feudatory kings bowed before him, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara inscription describes him as the lord of [[Dasharna]] country.
	~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. Main battle between Chandelas Chahamanas War who fought in 1182~~ [[~~Paramardideva~~]] His son Brahmajit, along with Nephew Alha and Udal, led the [[Chandelas]] army against [[Chahamanas]]. In the battle Brahmajit, Udal and the two sons of [[Jaichand]] were killed but [[Paramardideva]] defeated [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] .{{sfn\|Mohinder Singh Randhawa
	\|Indian Council of Agricultural Research\|1980 \| pp= 472}}{{sfn\|M.S. Randhawa\| Indian Sculpture: The Scene, Themes, and Legends \|1985 \| pp= 532}}{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}}. But to avoid the humiliation of their king, the Chauhans claimed in Madanpur that Chandelas were defeated and Parmardideva committed suicide around 1185-86 A.D.

	~~This is corroborated~~ by ~~his stone inscriptions at~~ [[~~Madanpur, Lalitpur, India\|Madanpur~~]]~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}} However~~, the occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[~~Ajaygarh~~]] ~~stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription,~~ and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi, indicating that he remained a sovereign Emperor.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardideva ruled the empire until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[~~Ajaygarh~~]] ~~stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription~~.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi, indicating that he remained a sovereign ruler.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardi ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela kingdom.~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}~~		The Chandel power did not fully recover from their defeat against the Delhi forces. Paramardivarman was succeeded by [[Trailokyavarman]], [[Viravarman]] and [[Bhojavarman]]. Hammiravarman defeated Allauddin khalji.

	The 1195 CE Bateshvar inscription states that other feudatory kings bowed before him, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara inscription describes him as the lord of [[Dasharna]] country. These evidences suggest that Paramardi managed to recover the Chandela power after Prithviraj Chauhan returned to Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}}		Hammiravarman was succeeded by Viravarman II, whose titles do not indicate a high political status.{{sfn\|Peter Jackson\|2003\|p=199}}{{sfn\|Om Prakash Misra\|2003\|p=11}} Durgavati was married to [[Dalpat Shah]], the adopted son of the king [[Sangram Shah]] of the [[Garha Kingdom]]. According to Abul Fazl, Dalpat Shah was the son of a [[Kachwaha\|Kachhwaha]] Rajput adopted by Raja of Gadha mandla.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dikshit\|first=R. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130\|title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti\|date=1976\|publisher=Abhinav Publications\|isbn=978-81-7017-046-4\|pages=8\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Abul Fazl\|first=Henry Beveridge\|title=Akbarnama Vol-2\|year=1907\|pages=326}}</ref> The [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] of [[mahoba]] and [[Garha Kingdom\|Garha Kingdom dynasty]] (Garha Mandla) dynasties were allied because of this marriage.<ref name="women of India">{{cite book \|author1=Archana Garodia Gupta \|title=The Women Who Ruled India- Leaders. Warriors. Icons. \|date=20 April 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789351951537 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Women_Who_Ruled_India/4XuLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PT67&printsec=frontcover \|language=English \|format=Ebook}}</ref> {{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2013\|p=572}}

	The Chandela power did not fully recover from their defeat against the Delhi forces. Paramardi was succeeded by [[Trailokyavarman]], [[Viravarman]] and [[Bhojavarman]]. The next ruler [[Hammiravarman]] (r. c. 1288-1311 CE) did not use the imperial title [[Maharajadhiraja]], which indicates that the Chandela king had a lower status by his time. The Chandela power continued to decline because of the rising Muslim influence, as well as the rise of other local dynasties, such as the [[Bundela]]s, the Baghelas and the [[Khangar (community)\|Khangars]].{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=179}}

	Hammiravarman was succeeded by Viravarman II, whose titles do not indicate a high political status.{{sfn\|Peter Jackson\|2003\|p=199}}{{sfn\|Om Prakash Misra\|2003\|p=11}} ~~[[Chandelas of Kalanjara (minor Chandela branch)\|One minor branch of the family continued ruling Kalanjara]]: its ruler was killed by [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s army in 1545 CE.In 1542,~~ Durgavati was married to [[Dalpat Shah]], the adopted son of the king [[Sangram Shah]] of the [[Garha Kingdom]]. According to Abul Fazl, Dalpat Shah was the son of a [[Kachwaha\|Kachhwaha]] Rajput adopted by Raja of Gadha mandla.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dikshit\|first=R. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130\|title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti\|date=1976\|publisher=Abhinav Publications\|isbn=978-81-7017-046-4\|pages=8\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Abul Fazl\|first=Henry Beveridge\|title=Akbarnama Vol-2\|year=1907\|pages=326}}</ref> The [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] of [[mahoba]] and [[Garha Kingdom\|Garha Kingdom dynasty]] (Garha Mandla) dynasties were allied because of this marriage.<ref name="women of India">{{cite book \|author1=Archana Garodia Gupta \|title=The Women Who Ruled India- Leaders. Warriors. Icons. \|date=20 April 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789351951537 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Women_Who_Ruled_India/4XuLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PT67&printsec=frontcover \|language=English \|format=Ebook}}</ref> {{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2013\|p=572}}
	<ref name="women of India"/> Some other ruling families also claimed Chandela descent (see [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]]).		<ref name="women of India"/> Some other ruling families also claimed Chandela descent (see [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]]).