Chandel Empire - Revision history

Vishvaksena at 22:01, 28 September 2026

2026-09-28T22:01:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 29 September 2026
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	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. ~~Vidyadha varman~~ was the greatest From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.		The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. Vidyadharavarman was the greatest emperor who defeated Mahmud Ghaznavi twice. From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.

	They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].		They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].

	From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.		From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their power and independence until the 16th century.

	The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].		The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].

Vishvaksena at 08:57, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T08:57:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 16 September 2026
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	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The ~~Chandelas~~ initially ruled ~~as feudatories of~~ the ~~[[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s~~ of ~~[[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj)~~. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman ~~became~~ the ~~indipendent chandela king, he defeated~~ Rashtrakuta Empire~~, recrowned pratihara~~ ruler ~~mahipala, while his~~ son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated ~~Pratihara~~ empire. ~~y the time of his~~ successor [[Dhangavarman ~~(Chandel emperor)~~\|~~Dhanga~~]], the ~~Chandelas had become a sovereign power~~. ~~Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with~~ the ~~neighbouring dynasties~~, ~~especially~~ the [[Paramara dynasty\|~~Paramara~~]]s of [[~~Malwa~~]] and ~~the~~ [[~~Kalachuris~~ of ~~Tripuri~~]].		The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. Vidyadha varman was the greatest From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.

			They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].

	From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.		From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.

Vishvaksena at 08:41, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T08:41:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 16 September 2026
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	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The Chandelas initially ruled as feudatories of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s of [[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj). The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman became the indipendent chandela king, he defeated Rashtrakuta Empire, recrowned pratihara ruler mahipala, while his son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratihara empire. y the time of his successor [[Dhangavarman (Chandel emperor)\|Dhanga]], the Chandelas had become a sovereign power. Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with the neighbouring dynasties, especially the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]] and the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. From the 11th century onwards, ~~they~~ faced raids by the ~~northern~~ Muslim dynasties, ~~including~~ the [[Ghaznavid]]~~s and the~~ [[Ghurid]]~~s. The Chandela power effectively ended around~~ the ~~beginning of~~ the ~~13th~~ century~~, following selhiiSultanate ons~~.		The Chandelas initially ruled as feudatories of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s of [[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj). The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman became the indipendent chandela king, he defeated Rashtrakuta Empire, recrowned pratihara ruler mahipala, while his son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratihara empire. y the time of his successor [[Dhangavarman (Chandel emperor)\|Dhanga]], the Chandelas had become a sovereign power. Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with the neighbouring dynasties, especially the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]] and the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]].

			From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.

	The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].		The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].

Vishvaksena at 08:26, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T08:26:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 16 September 2026
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	}}		}}

	The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Sanskrit]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire), also known as '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''' was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled an empire that stretched across more than half of the [[Indian subcontinent]], with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Sanskrit]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: ''Çandela empire''), also known as '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''' was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled an empire that stretched across more than half of the [[Indian subcontinent]], with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}

Vishvaksena at 08:23, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T08:23:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 16 September 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	}}		}}

	The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Sanskrit]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled ~~over~~ an empire that ~~spanned much~~ of the ~~northern~~ Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Sanskrit]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire), also known as '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''' was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled an empire that stretched across more than half of the [[Indian subcontinent]], with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}

Vishvaksena at 08:19, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T08:19:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 16 September 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	}}		}}

	The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[~~Nagari~~]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Sanskrit]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}

Vishvaksena at 07:55, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T07:55:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 16 September 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	}}		}}

	The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Nagari]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[~~Nannuka\|Nannuka Varman~~]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Nagari]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannukavarman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}

Vishvaksena: /* List of Rulers */

2026-09-16T07:30:37Z

List of Rulers

@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 </gallery>
-== List of rulers ==
+== List of Rulers==
 Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti ([[IAST]] names in brackets):{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=25}}{{sfn|Sushil Kumar Sullerey|2004|p=25}}{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=199}}

Vishvaksena at 23:42, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T23:42:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:12, 14 September 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	}}		}}

	The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Nagari]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannuka\|Nannuka Varman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. ~~They~~ belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}		The '''Chandel Empire''' ([[Nagari]]: चन्देल साम्राज्य, [[IAST]]: Çandela empire) was an [[Indian]] empire during the [[medieval India\|medieval period]] of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the 9th century to the 16th century CE. At its peak, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent, with its country called [[Jejakabhukti (Chandela country)\|Jejakabhukti]]. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the Chandela ruler [[Nannuka\|Nannuka Varman]], who established [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti]] in the early 9th century. The dynasty belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)\|Chandel]] clan of the [[Rajput\|Rajputs]].<ref>*{{Cite book \|author=Upinder Singh\|author-link=Upinder Singh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology \|date=2004 \|publisher=Permanent Black \|isbn=978-81-7824-088-6\|page=73\|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions\|language=en}}
	*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}		*{{Cite book\|last1=Kulke\|first1=Hermann\|author-link1=Hermann Kulke\|last2=Rothermund\|first2=Dietmar \|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C\|title=A History of India\|date=2004\|publisher=Psychology Press\|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4\|language=en\|page=117\|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}}
	*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}		*{{Cite book \|author=Romila Thapar\|author-link=Romila Thapar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ \|title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 \|date=2004\|publisher=University of California Press \|isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 \|page=420\|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti\|language=en}}

Vishvaksena at 10:42, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T10:42:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 13 September 2026
Line 11:		Line 11:
	\|year_end = 16th c.		\|year_end = 16th c.
	\|p1 = Kalachuris of Tripuri		\|p1 = Kalachuris of Tripuri
	\| s1 = ~~Ghurid~~ dynasty		\| s1 = Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
	\| s2 = ~~Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)~~		\| s2 = Mughal Empire
	\|image_map = Map of the Candellas.png		\|image_map = Map of the Candellas.png
	\|image_map_caption = Territory of the Chandelas during the reign of [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)\|Vidyadhara]] circa 1025 CE.<ref name="JS">{{cite book \|last1=Schwartzberg \|first1=Joseph E. \|title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia \|date=1978 \|publisher=Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library\|author-link=Joseph E. Schwartzberg \|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?display_type=image_display&object=183#gsc.tab=0\|page=146, Map "j"}}</ref>		\|image_map_caption = Territory of the Chandelas during the reign of [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)\|Vidyadhara]] circa 1025 CE.<ref name="JS">{{cite book \|last1=Schwartzberg \|first1=Joseph E. \|title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia \|date=1978 \|publisher=Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library\|author-link=Joseph E. Schwartzberg \|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?display_type=image_display&object=183#gsc.tab=0\|page=146, Map "j"}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 29 September 2026
Line 30:		Line 30:
	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. ~~Vidyadha varman~~ was the greatest From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.		The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. Vidyadharavarman was the greatest emperor who defeated Mahmud Ghaznavi twice. From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.

	They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].		They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].

	From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.		From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their power and independence until the 16th century.

	The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].		The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 16 September 2026
Line 30:		Line 30:
	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The ~~Chandelas~~ initially ruled ~~as feudatories of~~ the ~~[[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s~~ of ~~[[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj)~~. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman ~~became~~ the ~~indipendent chandela king, he defeated~~ Rashtrakuta Empire~~, recrowned pratihara~~ ruler ~~mahipala, while his~~ son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated ~~Pratihara~~ empire. ~~y the time of his~~ successor [[Dhangavarman ~~(Chandel emperor)~~\|~~Dhanga~~]], the ~~Chandelas had become a sovereign power~~. ~~Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with~~ the ~~neighbouring dynasties~~, ~~especially~~ the [[Paramara dynasty\|~~Paramara~~]]s of [[~~Malwa~~]] and ~~the~~ [[~~Kalachuris~~ of ~~Tripuri~~]].		The Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti initially ruled small territories surrounding Khajuraho by overthrowing Pratiharas from there during the reign of its founder Nannukavarman. The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman defeated the Rashtrakuta Empire and restored the Pratihara ruler Mahipala to the throne of Kannauj. Harsha's son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratiharas, palas and other kingdoms and expanded the supremacy of Chandel empire in North India. His successor [[Dhangavarman\|Dhangavarman]] expanded the Chandela Empire, and stretched it over more than half of the Indian subcontinent. Vidyadha varman was the greatest From the 9th to the 14th centuries, the Chandelas defeated the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramaras of Malwa]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty\|Gurjara-Pratiharas]], [[Pala Empire\|Palas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], [[Magadha]]s, and [[Kalinga]]s at various times, bringing these kingdoms under feudal, subordinate, vassal, or tributary status during different periods. Many Chandela emperors also performed the [[Ashvamedha]] yajna on multiple occasions, asserting their sovereignty through the conquest and subjugation of Indian kingdoms.

			They also defeated the [[Kashmiris]], [[Khasas]], [[Chaulukya dynasty\|Chaulukyas]], [[Chalukya dynasty\|Chalukyas]], and [[Rashtrakuta dynasty\|Rashtrakutas]] at various times and captured parts of their territories, while conducting raids into [[South India]].

	From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.		From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.

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	*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>		*{{harvnb\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref>

	The Chandelas initially ruled as feudatories of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s of [[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj). The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman became the indipendent chandela king, he defeated Rashtrakuta Empire, recrowned pratihara ruler mahipala, while his son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratihara empire. y the time of his successor [[Dhangavarman (Chandel emperor)\|Dhanga]], the Chandelas had become a sovereign power. Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with the neighbouring dynasties, especially the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]] and the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. From the 11th century onwards, ~~they~~ faced raids by the ~~northern~~ Muslim dynasties, ~~including~~ the [[Ghaznavid]]~~s and the~~ [[Ghurid]]~~s. The Chandela power effectively ended around~~ the ~~beginning of~~ the ~~13th~~ century~~, following selhiiSultanate ons~~.		The Chandelas initially ruled as feudatories of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s of [[Kanyakubja]] (Kannauj). The 10th century Chandela ruler Harshavarman became the indipendent chandela king, he defeated Rashtrakuta Empire, recrowned pratihara ruler mahipala, while his son [[Yashovarman (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]] defeated Pratihara empire. y the time of his successor [[Dhangavarman (Chandel emperor)\|Dhanga]], the Chandelas had become a sovereign power. Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with the neighbouring dynasties, especially the [[Paramara dynasty\|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]] and the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]].

			From the 11th century onwards, the Chandel Empire faced raids and invasions by the [[Ghaznavid dynasty\|Ghaznavids]] and the [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], followed by those of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties. However, the [[Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti\|Chandelas]] repulsed invasions by the [[Ghaznavid Empire\|Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and other Muslim and Hindu dynasties, while retaining their independence until the 16th century.

	The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].		The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments\|Khajuraho]]. They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of [[Ajaigarh]], [[Kalinjar]] and their later capital [[Mahoba]].