Chamar - Revision history

Danger Pandit Ankit at 07:30, 20 March 2026

2026-03-20T07:30:03Z

Yash at 18:02, 23 October 2022

2022-10-23T18:02:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:32, 23 October 2022
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	==Utpala dynasty==		==Utpala dynasty==
	[[Utpala dynasty]] was a Kashmiri dynasty which ruled over the Kashmir region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent from 9th to 10th century CE. The kingdom was established by Avanti Varman, ending the rule of Karkota dynasty in 855 CE. According to Ain-i-Akbari the rulers of this dynasty were from Chamar Community.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Ain-i-Akbari Vol II \|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/ain-i-akbari-vol-ii \|website=INDIAN CULTURE \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Sarkar \|first1=Jadunath \|title=Ain-i-akbari Of Abul Fazl I Allami Vol. 2 Ed. 2nd \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460916/page/n379/mode/2up \|date=1949}}</ref>		[[Utpala dynasty]] was a Kashmiri dynasty which ruled over the Kashmir region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent from 9th to 10th century CE. The kingdom was established by Avanti Varman, ending the rule of Karkota dynasty in 855 CE. According to [[Ain-i-Akbari]] the rulers of this dynasty were from Chamar Community.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Ain-i-Akbari Vol II \|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/ain-i-akbari-vol-ii \|website=INDIAN CULTURE \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Sarkar \|first1=Jadunath \|title=Ain-i-akbari Of Abul Fazl I Allami Vol. 2 Ed. 2nd \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460916/page/n379/mode/2up \|date=1949}}</ref>

	==Chamar-Satnami kingdom==		==Chamar-Satnami kingdom==
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	==Militry service==		==Militry service==
	Historian Stephen Cohen says:		Historian Stephen Cohen says:
	~~{{quote\|~~Chamars had strong caste traditions of violence and aggressiveness and were classed as a criminal caste by the British.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Singh \|first1=Birinder Pal \|title=Ex-Criminal Tribes of Punjab \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278313 \|website=Economic and Political Weekly \|pages=58–65 \|date=2008}}</ref>}}		Chamars had strong caste traditions of violence and aggressiveness and were classed as a criminal caste by the British.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Singh \|first1=Birinder Pal \|title=Ex-Criminal Tribes of Punjab \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278313 \|website=Economic and Political Weekly \|pages=58–65 \|date=2008}}</ref>
	The Chamar Community has a history of military service and served [[Mahar Regiment]], [[Bengal army]], [[Sikh Light Infantry]], [[23rd Sikh Pioneers]], [[34th Royal Sikh Pioneers]], [[32nd Sikh Pioneers]].		The Chamar Community has a history of military service and served [[Mahar Regiment]], [[Bengal army]], [[Sikh Light Infantry]], [[23rd Sikh Pioneers]], [[34th Royal Sikh Pioneers]], [[32nd Sikh Pioneers]].

	According to Karsten,Peter:		According to Karsten,Peter:
	~~{{quote\|~~The Chamar recruitment from the Bengal Army was substantially reduced because of their perceived primary role as "mutineers" in the 1857 rebellion. and were replaced by another untouchable caste, the Mazbhi Sikhs, a change which reflected the growing Punjabization of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Karsten \|first1=Peter \|title=Recruiting, Drafting, and Enlisting: Two Sides of the Raising of Military Forces \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Fh_fAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA161&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false \|publisher=Routledge \|language=en \|date=31 October 2013}}</ref>}}		The Chamar recruitment from the Bengal Army was substantially reduced because of their perceived primary role as "mutineers" in the 1857 rebellion. and were replaced by another untouchable caste, the Mazbhi Sikhs, a change which reflected the growing Punjabization of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Karsten \|first1=Peter \|title=Recruiting, Drafting, and Enlisting: Two Sides of the Raising of Military Forces \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Fh_fAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA161&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false \|publisher=Routledge \|language=en \|date=31 October 2013}}</ref>
	==Chamar Regiment==		==Chamar Regiment==
	The 1st [[Chamar Regiment]] was an infantry regiment formed by the British during [[World War II]]. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended.{{sfn\|Sharma1990\|2020\|p=28}} The Regiment, with one year of service, received three [[Military Cross]]es and three [[Military Medal]]s<ref name="Sharma1990">Gautam Sharma. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&pg=PA26 Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army]''. Allied Publishers; 1990. {{ISBN\|978-81-7023-140-0}}. p. 26–.</ref> It fought in the [[Battle of Kohima]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gautambookcenter.com/images/ww2_kohima.pdf\|title=The Battle of Kohima}}</ref> In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rjd-man-raghuvansh-calls-for-reviving-chamar-regiment/759232/ \|title=RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment \|work=indianexpress.com \|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref>		The 1st [[Chamar Regiment]] was an infantry regiment formed by the British during [[World War II]]. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended.{{sfn\|Sharma1990\|2020\|p=28}} The Regiment, with one year of service, received three [[Military Cross]]es and three [[Military Medal]]s<ref name="Sharma1990">Gautam Sharma. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&pg=PA26 Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army]''. Allied Publishers; 1990. {{ISBN\|978-81-7023-140-0}}. p. 26–.</ref> It fought in the [[Battle of Kohima]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gautambookcenter.com/images/ww2_kohima.pdf\|title=The Battle of Kohima}}</ref> In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rjd-man-raghuvansh-calls-for-reviving-chamar-regiment/759232/ \|title=RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment \|work=indianexpress.com \|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref>

Yash at 18:01, 23 October 2022

2022-10-23T18:01:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:31, 23 October 2022
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	==Militry service==		==Militry service==
	Historian Stephen Cohen says:		Historian Stephen Cohen says:
	Chamars had strong caste traditions of violence and aggressiveness and were classed as a criminal caste by the British.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Singh \|first1=Birinder Pal \|title=Ex-Criminal Tribes of Punjab \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278313 \|website=Economic and Political Weekly \|pages=58–65 \|date=2008}}</ref>		{{quote\|Chamars had strong caste traditions of violence and aggressiveness and were classed as a criminal caste by the British.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Singh \|first1=Birinder Pal \|title=Ex-Criminal Tribes of Punjab \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278313 \|website=Economic and Political Weekly \|pages=58–65 \|date=2008}}</ref>}}
	The Chamar Community has a history of military service and served [[Mahar Regiment]], [[Bengal army]], [[Sikh Light Infantry]], [[23rd Sikh Pioneers]], [[34th Royal Sikh Pioneers]], [[32nd Sikh Pioneers]].		The Chamar Community has a history of military service and served [[Mahar Regiment]], [[Bengal army]], [[Sikh Light Infantry]], [[23rd Sikh Pioneers]], [[34th Royal Sikh Pioneers]], [[32nd Sikh Pioneers]].

	According to Karsten,Peter:		According to Karsten,Peter:
	The Chamar recruitment from the Bengal Army was substantially reduced because of their perceived primary role as "mutineers" in the 1857 rebellion. and were replaced by another untouchable caste, the Mazbhi Sikhs, a change which reflected the growing Punjabization of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Karsten \|first1=Peter \|title=Recruiting, Drafting, and Enlisting: Two Sides of the Raising of Military Forces \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Fh_fAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA161&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false \|publisher=Routledge \|language=en \|date=31 October 2013}}</ref>		{{quote\|The Chamar recruitment from the Bengal Army was substantially reduced because of their perceived primary role as "mutineers" in the 1857 rebellion. and were replaced by another untouchable caste, the Mazbhi Sikhs, a change which reflected the growing Punjabization of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Karsten \|first1=Peter \|title=Recruiting, Drafting, and Enlisting: Two Sides of the Raising of Military Forces \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Fh_fAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA161&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false \|publisher=Routledge \|language=en \|date=31 October 2013}}</ref>}}
	==Chamar Regiment==		==Chamar Regiment==
	The 1st [[Chamar Regiment]] was an infantry regiment formed by the British during [[World War II]]. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended.{{sfn\|Sharma1990\|2020\|p=28}} The Regiment, with one year of service, received three [[Military Cross]]es and three [[Military Medal]]s<ref name="Sharma1990">Gautam Sharma. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&pg=PA26 Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army]''. Allied Publishers; 1990. {{ISBN\|978-81-7023-140-0}}. p. 26–.</ref> It fought in the [[Battle of Kohima]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gautambookcenter.com/images/ww2_kohima.pdf\|title=The Battle of Kohima}}</ref> In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rjd-man-raghuvansh-calls-for-reviving-chamar-regiment/759232/ \|title=RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment \|work=indianexpress.com \|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref>		The 1st [[Chamar Regiment]] was an infantry regiment formed by the British during [[World War II]]. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended.{{sfn\|Sharma1990\|2020\|p=28}} The Regiment, with one year of service, received three [[Military Cross]]es and three [[Military Medal]]s<ref name="Sharma1990">Gautam Sharma. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&pg=PA26 Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army]''. Allied Publishers; 1990. {{ISBN\|978-81-7023-140-0}}. p. 26–.</ref> It fought in the [[Battle of Kohima]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gautambookcenter.com/images/ww2_kohima.pdf\|title=The Battle of Kohima}}</ref> In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rjd-man-raghuvansh-calls-for-reviving-chamar-regiment/759232/ \|title=RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment \|work=indianexpress.com \|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref>

Yash at 16:02, 23 October 2022

2022-10-23T16:02:36Z

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	{{About\|the Indian caste\|the mountain in Nepal\|Chamar (mountain)}}		{{About\|the Indian caste\|the mountain in Nepal\|Chamar (mountain)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2017}}
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	{{Infobox Ethnic group		{{Infobox Ethnic group
	\|image=File:Leather-bottle makers. - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825), f.360v - BL Add. 27255.jpg		\|image=File:Leather-bottle makers. - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825), f.360v - BL Add. 27255.jpg

imported>Hind ji: /* Dhusia */ fixed typo

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Dhusia: fixed typo

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{{Short description|Ethnic Group}}
{{About|the Indian caste|the mountain in Nepal|Chamar (mountain)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|image=File:Leather-bottle makers. - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825), f.360v - BL Add. 27255.jpg
|caption=Leather-bottle makers (Presumably members of the ‘Chamaar’ caste), ''Tashrih al-aqvam'' (1825)
|group=Chamar
|population=
|popplace = India • Pakistan
|langs =[[Hindi]] • [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|rels =
|related =
}}

'''Chamar''' is a [[dalit]] community classified as a [[Scheduled Caste]] under modern India's [[Reservation in India|system of positive discrimination]]. Historically subject to [[untouchability]], they were traditionally outside the Hindu ritual ranking system of [[caste]]s known as [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]]. They are found throughout the [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly in the northern states of India and in [[Pakistan]] and [[Nepal]].

[[Ramnarayan Rawat]] posits that the association of the Chamar community with a traditional occupation of [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] was constructed, and that the Chamars were instead historically agriculturists.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-bookreview/article2914334.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 February 2012 |title=Aspirations of Chamars in North India |access-date=14 January 2013 |location=Chennai, India |first=Bhupendra |last=Yadav}}</ref>

The term ''chamar'' is used as a pejorative word for [[dalit]]s in general.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/caste-igated-how-indians-use-casteist-slurs-dehumanise-each-other|title=Caste-igated: How Indians use casteist slurs to dehumanise each other|last=Malu|first=Preksha|date=2018-07-21|website=[[Sabrang Communications]]|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/twitter-calls-out-netflix-original-jamtara-sabka-number-ayega-for-casteist-slur|title=Twitter Calls out Netflix's 'Jamtara' for Using Casteist Slur|date=2020-01-18|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> It has been described as a [[Casteism|casteist]] slur by the [[Supreme Court of India]] and the use of the term to address a person as a violation of the [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Sanjay L.|title=Calling an SC 'chamar' offensive, punishable, says apex court|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-08-20/news/28488600_1_upper-castes-insult-chamar|work=The Economic Times|date=20 August 2008|access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref>

==Dhusia==
'''Dhusia''' is a caste in India, sometimes associated with Chamars, Ghusiya, Jhusia or [[Jatav]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lokniti |url=http://www.lokniti.org/pdfs_dataunit/publications2010/subalterns-U-P.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sultanpur.nic.in/peo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330034944/https://sultanpur.nic.in/peo.htm |archive-date=2009-03-30 |title=The Inhabitants |publisher=sultanpur.nic.in}}</ref> They are found in [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Social Justice|url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/scorderuttarpradesh.pdf}}</ref> and elsewhere.

Most of the Dhusia in Punjab and Haryana migrated from Pakistan after [[partition of India]]. In Punjab, they are mainly found in Ludhiana, Patiala, Amritsar and Jalandhar cities. They are inspired by [[B. R. Ambedkar]] to adopt the [[surname]] Rao<ref>{{cite journal |title= UP: BJP's Caste Card |first=A. K. |last=Verma |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=36 |issue=48 |date=December 2001 |pages=4452–4455 |jstor=4411406 }}</ref> and Jatav.

==Occupations==
Chamars who have adopted the weaving profession and abandoned tanning and leathercraft, identify themselves as [[Julaha Chamar]]. R. K. Pruthi suggests this is in the hope that they might in future be considered as Julaha by other communities. They believe that leatherwork is "degrading" when compared to weaving.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rC1bJcd-MDUC&pg=PA189 |title=Indian caste system |first=R. K. |last=Pruthi |year=2004 |publisher=Discovery |page=189 |isbn=9788171418473 |access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>

==Chamar Regiment==
The 1st Chamar Regiment was an infantry regiment formed by the British during [[World War II]]. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended.{{sfn|Sharma1990|2020|p=28}} The Regiment, with one year of service, received three [[Military Cross]]es and three [[Military Medal]]s<ref name="Sharma1990">Gautam Sharma. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrTzZd0j1kC&pg=PA26 Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army]''. Allied Publishers; 1990. {{ISBN|978-81-7023-140-0}}. p. 26–.</ref> It fought in the [[Battle of Kohima]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gautambookcenter.com/images/ww2_kohima.pdf|title=The Battle of Kohima}}</ref> In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rjd-man-raghuvansh-calls-for-reviving-chamar-regiment/759232/ |title=RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment |work=indianexpress.com |access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the 2001 [[census of India]], the Chamars comprise around 14 per cent of the population in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_up.pdf |title=Uttar Pradesh data highlights: the Scheduled Castes, Census of India 2001}}</ref> and 12 percent of that in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf |title=Uttar Pradesh data highlights: the Scheduled Castes}}</ref>

{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=4 | Chamar population in India by State, 2001
|-
! State !! Population!! State Population % !! Notes
|-
| West Bengal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_westbengal.pdf |title=West Bengal — DATA HIGHLIGHTS: THE SCHEDULED CASTES — Census of India 2001 |access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref>|| 999,756 || 1.25% ||
|-
| Bihar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref> || 4,090,070 || 5% ||
|-
| Delhi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_delhi.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - Delhi comments.doc |access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref> || 893,384 || 6.45% ||
|-
| Chandigarh<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_chandigarh.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>|| 48,159 || 5.3% ||
|-
| Chhattisgarh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_chhattisgarh.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref> || 1,659,303 || 8% ||
|-
| Gujarat<ref name=gujarat>{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.in/resources/state-and-district-wise-scheduled-castes-population-each-caste-seperately-2011-gujarat|title=State and district-wise Scheduled Castes population for each caste separately, 2011 - GUJARAT}}</ref> || 1,032,128 || 1.7% ||
In Gujarat also known as [[Bhambi]], Asodi, Chamadia, Harali, Khalpa, [[Mochi (Hindu)|Mochi]], Nalia, Madar, Ranigar, Ravidas, Rohidas, [[Rohit (caste)|Rohit]], Samgar.<ref name=gujarat/> Gujarat's government has made an effort to change their name from 'Chamar' to 'Rohit' and to change the name of their villages and towns from 'Chamarvas' to 'Rohitvas'.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/rohits-to-replace-chamars-in-gujarat.html|title='Rohits' to replace Chamars in Gujarat|publisher=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]|date=October 8, 2016|first=Nayan|last=Dave|location=[[Gandhinagar]]}}</ref>
|-
| Haryana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref> || 2,079,132 || 9.84% || Known as Jatav

|-
| Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_himachal.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 414,669 || 6.8% ||
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_jk.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|488,257|| 4.82% || ||
|-
| Jharkhand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_jharkhand.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 837,333 || 3.1% ||
|-
| Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_madhya_pradesh.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 837,333 || 9.3% || Chamars are primarily concentrated in [[Sagar district|Sagar]], [[Morena district|Morena]], [[Rewa district|Rewa]],
[[Bhind district|Bhind]] and [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]] districts. Chamars work in land measurement are described as Balahi.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTdnvQBPWIUC&pg=PA579|title=Indian Encyclopaedia|first=Subodh|last=Kapoor|date=21 July 2018|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=9788177552577|via=Google Books}}</ref> Balahi have major concentration in [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]], [[Khargone district|Khargone]] and [[Dewas district|Dewas]] districts.
|-
| Maharashtra<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_maha.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 1,234,874 || 1.28% ||
|-
| Punjab<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 2,800,000|| 11.9% || The Chamar caste cluster (34.93%) consists of two castes of Chamars and Ad-dharmis. Chamar—an umbrella caste category—includes Chamars, Jatia Chamars, Rehgars, Raigars, Ramdasias, and Ravidassias.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ram|first1=Ronki|title=Internal Caste Cleavages among Dalits in Punjab|journal=Economic & Political Weekly|date=21 January 2017|volume=52|issue=3|url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/3/punjab%E2%80%94exploring-prospects/internal-caste-cleavages-among-dalits-punjab.html-0}}</ref>

|-
| Rajasthan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_rajasthan.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 6,100,236|| 10.8% || Chamars in Rajasthan can only be identified in the districts adjoining to the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The districts of [[Bikaner district|Bikaner]], Shriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Jhunjhunu, [[Alwar district|Alwar]], [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] and Dhaulpur are inhabited by Chamars. In the districts of Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and parts of Alwar (adjoining to Bharatpur) they are known as [[Meghwal]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Studies in Social Protest | publisher=VEDAMS | last=Rawat |first=Shyam | year=2010 | isbn=978-8131603314}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=April 2013}} ''[[Raigar]]'' (leather tanners) and ''[[Mochi (Hindu)|Mochi]]'' (shoe makers) are other two castes related to the leather profession.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}In Bikaner region, they are known as Balai.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKGhCWZs59oC&q=balai+bikaner&pg=PA65|title=Balai: Chamars in Bikaner region are known as Balai.|isbn=9788176258418|last1=Gupta|first1=R. K.|last2=Bakshi|first2=S. R.|year=2008}}</ref>

|-
| Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_up.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref>
|| 19,803,106 || 14% ||

|-
| Uttaranchal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_uttaranchal.pdf |title=Census table |website=www.censusindia.gov.in }}</ref> || 444,535 || 5% ||
|}
|
|
|}

The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh combined the Chamar, Dhusia, Jhusia, Jatava Scheduled Caste communities and returned a population of 22,496,047.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Jagjivan Ram]], former Deputy Prime Minister of India<ref name="Roy">{{cite book |author=Roy, Kaushik |editor-last=Pant |editor-first=Harsh V. |title=Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, structures and doctrines |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138939608 |page=67 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xG4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 |access-date=12 July 2020 |chapter=Indian society and the soldier: will the twain ever meet? |quote=In 1970, when Babu Jagjivan Ram (himself, a chamar) became the defence minister, he attempted to raise the chamar regiment.}}</ref>
* [[Kanshi Ram]] (1934–2006), founder of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and mentor of Mayawati Kumari<ref>{{cite web|title=I will be the best PM and Mayawati is my chosen heir|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=23080|quote=...I am a chamar from Punjab...|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=2 May 2003}}</ref>
* [[Meira Kumar]], Former [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Mayawati]], leader of Bahujan Samaj Party and Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Mayawati">{{cite news |title=Mayawati talks of a secret successor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/mayawati-talks-of-a-secret-successor-28178-2008-08-09 |access-date=4 April 2019 |work=[[India Today]] |publisher=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=9 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404213026/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/mayawati-talks-of-a-secret-successor-28178-2008-08-09 |archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ahirwar]]
* [[Mochi (Hindu)|Hindu Mochi]]
* [[Mochi (Muslim)|Muslim Mochi]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Briggs |first=George W. |year=1920 |title=The Religious Life of India — The Chamars|isbn=1-4067-5762-4 |location=Calcutta |publisher=Association Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTgsR0xjG4MC}}
*{{cite book |title=Reconsidering Untouchability: Chamars and Dalit History in North India |first=Ramnarayan S. |last=Rawat |author-link=Ramnarayan Rawat |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780253222626 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bz5dKC81O3IC}} 
*{{cite journal |title=A Bibliographic Essay on Hindu and Christian Dalit Religiosity |journal=[[Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies]] |volume=17 |pages=55–65 |year=2004 |first=Mathew N. |last=Schmalz |doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1318 |url=http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&context=jhcs|doi-access=free }}

{{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Delhi]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]
[[Category:Leatherworking castes]]