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	Dr [[Vijay P. Bhatkar\|Vijay Bhatkar]] was hired as the Director of C-DAC.<ref name="1998-outlook" /> The project was given an initial run of three years and an initial funding of {{INR}}30,00,00,000, the cost of a Cray supercomputer.<ref name="1998-outlook"/>		Dr [[Vijay P. Bhatkar\|Vijay Bhatkar]] was hired as the Director of C-DAC.<ref name="1998-outlook" /> The project was given an initial run of three years and an initial funding of {{INR}}30,00,00,000, the cost of a Cray supercomputer.<ref name="1998-outlook"/>

	A [[prototype]] computer was [[Benchmark (computing)\|benchmarked]] at the 1990 Zurich Super-computing Show. It demonstrated that India had the second most powerful, publicly-demonstrated , supercomputer in the world after the United States.<ref name="1998-outlook" />		A [[prototype]] computer was [[Benchmark (computing)\|benchmarked]] at the 1990 Zurich Super-computing Show. It demonstrated that India had the second most powerful, publicly-demonstrated , supercomputer in the world after the United States.<ref name="1998-outlook" /><ref>{{cite news \|last1=Pal \|first1=Sanchari \|title=The Little Known Story of How India's First Indigenous Supercomputer Amazed the World in 1991 \|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/82076/india-first-supercomputer-param-cdac-vijay-bhatkar/ \|access-date=21 May 2022 \|work=[[The Better India]] \|date=13 January 2017 \|language=en}}</ref>
	<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Pal \|first1=Sanchari \|title=The Little Known Story of How India's First Indigenous Supercomputer Amazed the World in 1991 \|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/82076/india-first-supercomputer-param-cdac-vijay-bhatkar/ \|access-date=21 May 2022 \|work=[[The Better India]] \|date=13 January 2017 \|language=en}}</ref>

	The final result of the effort was the [[PARAM#PARAM 8000\|PARAM 8000]], released in 1991.<ref name=supercomp>{{cite book \| last=Rajaraman\| first=V. \| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y9Nxe0SPeVkC\|publisher=Universities Press\| year=1999 \| title=Super Computers\| edition=1st \| page=75\| isbn=9788173711497 \| access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref> It is considered to be India's first supercomputer.		The final result of the effort was the [[PARAM#PARAM 8000\|PARAM 8000]], released in 1991.<ref name=supercomp>{{cite book \| last=Rajaraman\| first=V. \| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y9Nxe0SPeVkC\|publisher=Universities Press\| year=1999 \| title=Super Computers\| edition=1st \| page=75\| isbn=9788173711497 \| access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref> It is considered to be India's first supercomputer.

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{{Short description|An autonomous scientific society}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Coord|18.551747|N|73.823750|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox research institute
|name = Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
|image = [[File:C-DAC LogoTransp.png|200px|alt=C-DAC Logo]]
|established = 1988; 31 years ago
|research_field = [[High Performance Computing]], [[Multilingualism#Computing|Multi-lingual Computing]] and [[Heritage science|Heritage Computing]], [[Electronics Engineering|Professional Electronics]], [[Software Engineering|Software Technologies]], [[Health Informatics]], [[Education]]
|director = Magesh Ethirajan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Officials in C-DAC { As on 7.4.2022 } |url=https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_pdf_officials_cdac |website=cdac.in |publisher=[[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]] |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> <br/> Director General
|city = [[Pune, India]] (headquarters)
|address = [[Pune University]] Campus,<br />Ganesh Khind,<br />[[Pune]] - 411 007,<br /> [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|nickname = C-DAC
|operating_agency = [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]], Government of India
|website = [https://www.cdac.in/ www.cdac.in]
}}
The '''Centre for Development of Advanced Computing''' ('''C-DAC''') is an [[Government of India|Indian]] autonomous scientific society, operating under the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pdf_moa_16|title=C-DAC Memorandum of Association|date=19 April 2017|website=cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pdf_moa_16|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref>

==History==
{{Further|Supercomputing in India|PARAM}}
CDAC was created in November 1987,<ref name="2004-sinha" /> initially as the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology (C-DACT).<ref name="1989-delapierre" /><ref name="2004-sinha" /> In 1988, the US Government refused to sell India a [[Cray]] [[supercomputer]] due to concerns about India using it to develop [[nuclear weapons]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nolan|first=Janne E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2eB5Yh5AwUC&q=india%20supercomputer%20denied&pg=PA532|title=Global engagement: cooperation and security in the 21st century|year=1994|isbn=0815716729|page=532|access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref> In response, India started development of its own supercomputer and C-DAC was created as part of this programme.<ref name="2003-bbc" /><ref name="1998-outlook" />

Dr [[Vijay P. Bhatkar|Vijay Bhatkar]] was hired as the Director of C-DAC.<ref name="1998-outlook" /> The project was given an initial run of three years and an initial funding of {{INR}}30,00,00,000, the cost of a Cray supercomputer.<ref name="1998-outlook"/>

A [[prototype]] computer was [[Benchmark (computing)|benchmarked]] at the 1990 Zurich Super-computing Show. It demonstrated that India had the second most powerful, publicly-demonstrated , supercomputer in the world after the United States.<ref name="1998-outlook" />
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Sanchari |title=The Little Known Story of How India's First Indigenous Supercomputer Amazed the World in 1991 |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/82076/india-first-supercomputer-param-cdac-vijay-bhatkar/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[The Better India]] |date=13 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

The final result of the effort was the [[PARAM#PARAM 8000|PARAM 8000]], released in 1991.<ref name=supercomp>{{cite book | last=Rajaraman| first=V. | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y9Nxe0SPeVkC|publisher=Universities Press| year=1999 | title=Super Computers| edition=1st | page=75| isbn=9788173711497 | access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref> It is considered to be India's first supercomputer.

The [[National Centre for Software Technology]], [[C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram|Electronic Research and Development Center]] and CEDTI were merged into C-DAC in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |title=Merger of IT R&D bodies: a sign of the times |url=http://www.cdac.in/html/press/2q03/spot326.aspx |access-date=28 July 2013 |newspaper=Express Computer |date=19 May 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812235616/http://www.cdac.in/html/press/2q03/spot326.aspx |archive-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New domain name registration policy soon |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-10-26/news/27403856_1_icann-domain-internet-corporation |access-date=28 July 2013 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=26 October 2004}}</ref>

==Research activities==
Originally established to research and assemble [[High-performance computing|High Performance Computers]], the research of C-DAC now includes:
{{div col}}
* [[High Performance Computing]]
* [[Grid computing|Grid Computing]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* Multilingual Computing
* Heritage Computing
* [[Electronics]]
* [[VLSI]]
* Embedded Systems
* [[Speech processing|Speech]] and [[Natural language processing|Natural Language Processing]]
* Information and Cyber Security
* [[Ubiquitous computing|Ubiquitous Computing]]
* [[Bioinformatics]]
* Geomatics
* [[Digital forensics]]
* [[Big data|Big data analytics]]
* [[Blockchain]]
* [[Health Informatics]]
{{div end}}
==Branches==
C-DAC branches and training centers include:<ref>Unless otherwise indicated, sourced from [http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=contact C-DAC: Contact] (cdac.in)</ref>
* C-DAC [[Pune]] (Headquarters)
* C-DAC [[Mumbai]]
* C-DAC [[Bangalore]]
* C-DAC [[Chennai]]
* C-DAC Delhi
* C-DAC [[Kolkata]]
* C-DAC Patna
* C-DAC Mohali
* C-DAC [[Noida]]
* C-DAC Hyderabad
* [[C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram]]
* C-DAC Silchar

==Education and training==
C-DAC provides several courses in the field of advanced computing and [[software development]]. Among these are the [[High Performance Computing|HPC]] [[Professional certification (computer technology)|certification]] course- ''C-DAC Certified HPC Professional Certification Programme (CCHPCP)''.<ref name=namescape>{{cite news | title= C-DAC launches country's first HPC certification in high performance computing | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-08/pune/30130176_1_hemant-darbari-hpc-dac| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927050317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-08/pune/30130176_1_hemant-darbari-hpc-dac| url-status=dead| archive-date=27 September 2012| quote=The certification will be called the 'C-DAC Certified HPC Professional Certification Programme' (CCHPCP) and the exam will be conducted online every quarterly, on the lines of software programming certifications. There won't be any eligibility requirements to appear for the certification, and the paper will contain objective questions.|date=8 September 2008| newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 September 2008}}</ref> C-DAC organises advanced computing diploma programs through the Advanced Computing Training School (ACTS) located all over India.<ref>{{cite news |title=C-DAC launches technical courses for students {{!}} Patna News |url=https://www.timesofindia.com/city/patna/c-dac-launches-technical-courses-for-students/articleshow/86405963.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The PG Diploma courses include

* Specialisations in [[Embedded system|Embedded System Design]],
* [[VLSI]],
* Big Data Analytics,
* [[Geoinformatics]],
* Artificial Intelligence

C-DAC has also established Centres of Excellence in Information Technology (CEIT) abroad under the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]' s development partnership projects.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Centre of Excellence in Information Technology (CEIT) {{!}} Namibia University of Science and Technology|url=https://www.nust.na/?q=news/centre-excellence-information-technology-ceit|website=www.nust.na|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

==Products and developments==
* [[PARAM]] series of [[supercomputers]]<ref>{{cite news |title=PARAM 8000: The Incredible Story of India's First Supercomputer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/param-8000-the-incredible-story-of-india-first-supercomputer-1840637-2021-08-13 |work=India Today |date=13 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[VEGA Microprocessors]], India's first indigenous 64-bit Multi-core Superscalar Out-of-Order RISC-V Processor<ref>{{cite news |title=IIT Madras, CDAC jointly develop microprocessors |url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/iit-madras-cdac-jointly-develop-microprocessors/77611804 |work=ETTelecom.com |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=18 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* M-Kavach 2, an android-based mobile device security solution addressing emerging threats.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bengrut |first1=Dheeraj |title=C-DAC Pune to launch three new security products |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/cdac-pune-to-launch-three-new-security-products-101648664700883.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=30 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mobile Seva]] AppStore, a [[App store|mobile app marketplace]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt keen to develop, strengthen own mobile app store: Ravi Shankar Prasad |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-keen-to-develop-strengthen-own-mobile-app-store-ravi-shankar-prasad-121031800791_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] India |date=18 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Bharat Operating System Solutions]], a [[Linux]]-based general purpose [[operating system]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anil |first1=Sasi |title=Government’s BOSS move: Now a homegrown system to run computers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/governments-boss-move-now-a-homegrown-system-to-run-computers/ |work=The Indian Express |date=12 January 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Anvaya'', a workflow environment for automated [[genome analysis]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Limaye |first=Bhakti |last2=Banerjee |first2=Ruma |last3=Datta |first3=Avik |last4=Inamdar |first4=Harshal |last5=Vats |first5=Pankaj |last6=Dahale |first6=Sonal |last7=Bhandari |first7=Alok |last8=Ramakrishnan |first8=E. P. |last9=Tupakula |first9=Rajnikanth |last10=Malviya |first10=Sandeep |last11=Bayaskar |first11=Avinash |date=2012 |title=Anvaya: a workflows environment for automated genome analysis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22809419 |journal=Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=1250006 |doi=10.1142/S0219720012500060 |issn=1757-6334 |pmid=22809419}}</ref>
* ''Namescape'', the search engine for the [[Aadhaar]] unique-ID project.<ref name=namescape2>{{cite news | title= Two new software tools from C-DAC | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/pune/29373891_1_search-engine-dac-rajan-t-joseph| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202131332/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/pune/29373891_1_search-engine-dac-rajan-t-joseph| url-status=dead| archive-date=2 February 2014| quote=Namescape is a search engine used on a pilot-basis in the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) project of the Union government.|date=2 April 2011 | newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 September 2008}}</ref>
* [[GARUDA]], India's National Grid Computing Initiative<ref name=GARUDA>{{cite news | title= Garuda, the nationwide computer grid, takes wing | url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/8N1y1SqWeamQqhcGVyP8iN/Garuda-the-nationwide-computer-grid-takes-wing.html| newspaper=Livemint|date=18 Dec 2007 |access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=GARUDA1>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctwatch.org/quarterly/articles/2006/02/garuda-indias-national-grid-computing-initiative/ |title=GARUDA |publisher=CTWatch |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182515/http://www.ctwatch.org/quarterly/articles/2006/02/garuda-indias-national-grid-computing-initiative/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* TaxoGrid, a [[Grid computing|grid-based]] [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogenetics]] and [[drug discovery]] system<ref>{{cite news |title=C-DAC launches two products |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/cdac-launches-two-products/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 April 2011 |language=en}} Namescape and TaxoGrid, the two products designed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing,Pune,were launched todat at the 24th Foundation Day of the Centre.</ref>
* GIST, Graphics and Intelligence based Script Technology<ref>{{cite news |last1=Darshankar |first1=Purushottam |title=The unique challenge India presents to natural language processing |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/story/the-unique-challenge-india-presents-to-natural-language-processing-153240-2018-10-03 |work=[[Business Today (India)]] |date=3 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* DARPAN, a [[Real-time Control System|real time]] [[network monitoring]], visualization and [[Service Level Agreement]] monitoring tool.<ref name=darpan>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdactvm.in/bcg/images/link/darpan.html|title=Darpan|publisher=CDAC|access-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227023134/http://www.cdactvm.in/bcg/images/link/darpan.html|archive-date=27 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* OLabs, an internet based platform for conduct of school laboratory experiments and assessment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Science teachers to be trained in digital learning |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/science-teachers-to-be-trained-in-digital-learning/article7621209.ece |work=The Hindu |date=5 September 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* ''Punarjjani'', a web based integrated assessment tool for mentally challenged children.<ref name=Punarjjani>{{cite web|url=http://www.punarjjani.in |title= Punarjjani | publisher=CDAC |access-date=26 December 2013}}</ref>
* [[Shrutlekhan-Rajbhasha]], a [[Hindi language]] [[speech recognition]] [[software application]] developed by C-DAC in collaboration with [[IBM]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.research.ibm.com/irl/cdachindi.html |title=IBM IRL News/Success stories - India |website=www.research.ibm.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212080659/http://www.research.ibm.com/irl/cdachindi.html |archive-date=2008-02-12}} </ref>

==Notable researchers and alumnus==
* [[Vijay P. Bhatkar]], founding director, recipient of [[Padma Bhushan]] award<ref name=shri1>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php |title=List of Padma Shri award recipients |publisher=Government of India |access-date=15 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429180512/http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php |archive-date=29 April 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>
* Rajkumar Buyya, professor at [[University of Melbourne|Melbourne University]], formerly worked as a Senior Scientist at C-DAC Bangalore<ref name=buyya>{{cite web|url=http://www.buyya.com/cv.html|title=Home Page of Professor Dr. Rajkumar Buyya|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* Srinivasan Ramani, contributed in bringing the internet to India in 1987 through the academic network [[ERNET]],<ref name=ramani1>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2002/jan-mar/ramani.html#research|title= Srinivasan Ramani: Innovating for India|publisher=HP Labs |date=February 2002|quote=He played a pioneering role in bringing the first Internet connection to India in the 1980s |access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref> served as an adviser on [[United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force|UN ICT Task Force]], and was the first director of [[HP Labs]], India<ref name=HPlab_dir>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpl.hp.com/india/people/formerdirectors.html#ramani|title=HP Labs India: Past Directors|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014023335/http://www.hpl.hp.com/india/people/formerdirectors.html#ramani|archive-date=14 October 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Sudhir P. Mudur, former director of C-DAC, current head of Computer Science Department, [[Concordia University (Quebec)|Concordia University]].<ref name=headCSE>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.concordia.ca/people/faculty/full-time/mudursudhirp.php|title=Faculty: Mudur, Sudhir P.|publisher=Concordia University|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402122239/http://www.cs.concordia.ca/people/faculty/full-time/mudursudhirp.php|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* T M Vijayaraman, head of [[Persistent Systems]]'s research, formerly worked at C-DAC Mumbai.<ref name=cto>{{cite web|url=http://www.persistentsys.com/Default.aspx?tabid=510|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131075516/http://www.persistentsys.com/Default.aspx?tabid=510|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 January 2013|title=About: Management Team|publisher=Persistent Systems|access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref>
* [[Geetha Manjunath]], founder & CEO of NIRAMAI.<ref name=WiDs>Geetha Manjunath. Women in Data Science (WiDS) Conference. Retrieved 24 June 2021, from https://www.widsconference.org/geethamanjunath.html.</ref>

==Notable awards and accolades==
* [[Manthan Award]] 2013 for Mobile Tele-Ophthalmology Units,<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile Tele-Ophthalmology Units |url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2013_mobile_tele_ophthalmology}} Manthan Awards 2013</ref> e-safeT,<ref>{{cite news|title=e-SafeT |url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2013_mobile_tele_ophthalmology}}- Manthan Awards 2013</ref> ONAMA.<ref>{{cite news|title=ONAMA |url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2013_onama}} - Manthan Awards 2013</ref>
* Manthan Award 2012 for Interactive Museum,<ref>{{cite news|title=Interactive Museum : e-Culture and Heritage |url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2012_e_culture_interactive_museum}} Manthan Awards 2012</ref> Megh Sushrut,<ref>{{cite news|title=Megh Sushrut : e-Health |url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2012_e_health_megh_sushrut}}- Manthan Awards 2013</ref> National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway.<ref>{{cite news|title=National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway : e-Infrastructure|url=http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=aboutus_manthan2012_e_infra_egov}} - Manthan Awards 2012</ref>
* [[National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities]], 2012

==Project(s)==
* [[NDCRTC]]
* [[e-mahashabdkosh]]

==See also==
* [[Supercomputing in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|40em|refs=
<ref name="1998-outlook">{{cite web |url=http://archive.outlookbusiness.com/article_v3.aspx?artid=102117 |title=God, Man And Machine|publisher=Outlook Business |date=1 July 1998 |access-date=15 September 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="1989-delapierre">{{cite journal |last1=Delapierre |first1=Michel |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Jean-Benoît |title=La nouvelle politique industrielle : le cas de l'informatique |journal=Tiers-Monde |date=1989 |volume=30 |issue=119 |pages=559–576 |doi=10.3406/tiers.1989.3862 }}</ref>
<ref name="2004-sinha">{{cite journal |last1=Sinha |first1=P. K. |last2=Dixit |first2=S. P. |last3=Mohanram |first3=N. |last4=Purohit |first4=S. C. |last5=Arora |first5=R. K. |last6=Ramakrishnan |first6=S. |title=Current state and future trends in high performance computing and communications (HPCC) research in India |journal=Proceedings. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, 2004 |date=2004 |pages=217–220 |doi=10.1109/FTDCS.2004.1316619 |isbn=0-7695-2118-5 |s2cid=47348115 }}</ref>
<ref name=2003-bbc>{{cite news | first= Habib| last= Beary | title= India unveils huge supercomputer| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2906865.stm| quote=India began developing supercomputers in the late 1980s after being refused one by the US. | newspaper=BBC News| date=1 April 2003 }}</ref>
}}

{{Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Centre For Development Of Advanced Computing}}
[[Category:Research institutes in Pune]]
[[Category:Information technology organisations based in India]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1988]]

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing - Revision history

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