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{{short description|1971 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Caravan
| image = Caravan 1971.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nasir Hussain]]
| producer = [[Tahir Hussain]]
| writer = Nasir Hussain
| screenplay = [[Sachin Bhowmick]]
| starring = [[Jeetendra]]<br />[[Asha Parekh]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = Munir Khan
| editing = Babu Lavande<br /> Gurudutt Shirali
| studio = Nasir Hussain Films <br /> T.V. Films
| distributor = Sky Entertainment (DVD since 2002)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1971|11|05}}
| runtime = 161 min
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{estimation}} {{₹|353 million|link=yes}} ({{US$|44 million|long=no|link=yes}})
}}

'''''Caravan''''' ({{IPA-hi|kaːɾʋaːn}}; {{respell|Karwaan}}; {{trans|[[Caravan (travellers)|Travellers]]}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by [[Nasir Hussain]] and produced by his brother [[Tahir Hussain]], under the Nasir Hussain Films and T.V. Films banners. The film stars [[Jeetendra]] and [[Asha Parekh]] . Three Hussain fixtures were involved in the music production: composer [[R.D. Burman]], lyricist [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], and singer [[Mohammad Rafi]]. The film's plot was loosely inspired by ''[[Girl on the Run (1953 film)|Girl on the Run]]'' (1953).

''Caravan'' was a blockbuster hit domestically in India. It found even greater [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|success abroad]] in China when it released there in 1979, becoming the [[List of highest-grossing films in China|highest-grossing foreign film in China]]. The film is estimated to have sold [[List of films by box office admissions|over {{nowrap|300 million}} tickets]] in Asia, mostly in China.

==Plot==
The film is an action thriller about a young woman, Sunita ([[Asha Parekh]]) and her father Mohandas ([[Murad (actor)|Murad]]), who finds out that his trusted employee, Rajan (Krishen Mehta), has been embezzling money from him. He confronts him and Rajan attacks him, flinging him out of the window of the multi-storied building, but the police think that the death was accidental. This leaves the coast clear for Rajan to wed Mohandas' only daughter, Sunita. Sunita is distraught and ends up married to this "wrong" man, Rajan. Shortly after the wedding, Sunita finds out the truth. She thinks that Rajan has conspired with his girlfriend Monica ([[Helen (actress)|Helen]]) to murder her. So she runs away to find her father's old friend in Bangalore, who may be able to help. On the way, she experiences an accident and ends up with a band of performing gypsies. She meets caravan van-driver Mohan ([[Jeetendra]]) and she is attracted towards him. Sunita does not know that she has put herself in danger again - this time at the hands of knife-thrower, Nisha ([[Aruna Irani]]), who loves Mohan, and will kill anyone who gets in her way. To make matters worse, Rajan has not given up his search for Sunita.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Jeetendra]] as Mohan
* [[Asha Parekh]] as Sunita / Soni
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Nisha
* [[Mehmood Junior|Mehmood Jr.]] as Monto
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Monica
* Krishen Mehta as Rajan
* [[Ravindra Kapoor]] as Johny
* [[Madan Puri]] as Mithalal Tota
* [[Sanjana]] as Tara
* [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]] as Mrs. Tota
* [[Anwar Ali (actor)|Anwar Ali]] as Bhola
* [[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as Mohandas
* [[Dulari (actress)|Dulari]] as Mohan's mom
* [[Shivraj]] as Karamchand
{{div col end}}

==Production==
The film was largely a [[List of Hindi film families#Khan–Hussain family|Khan–Hussain family]] production, directed by [[Nasir Hussain]] (father of future filmmaker [[Mansoor Khan]]) and produced by his brother [[Tahir Hussain]] (father of future superstar [[Aamir Khan]]), under the Nasir Hussain Films banner.

The film's plot was loosely inspired by the 1953 film ''[[Girl on the Run (1953 film)|Girl on the Run]]'', a little-known [[crime drama]] set against the backdrop of a [[carnival]] [[burlesque]] show, which was changed to a [[gypsy]] show in ''Caravan''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parekh |first1=Asha |author1-link=Asha Parekh |last2=Mohamed |first2=Khalid |author2-link=Khalid Mohamed |title=Asha Parekh: The Hit Girl |date=2017 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-86316-98-1 |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IaGiDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA120}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack of the film is one of the hit compositions by [[R. D. Burman]]. The lyrics of the songs are provided by the veteran poet [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Notes
|-
| 1
| "Ab Jo Mile Hain To"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
| Picturized on [[Aruna Irani]], [[Jeetendra]] & [[Asha Parekh]]
|-
| 2
| "[[Chadti Jawani Meri Chaal Mastani]]"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| Picturized on Jeetendra & Aruna Irani
|-
| 3
| "Daiya Yeh Main Kahan"
| Asha Bhosle
| Picturized on Asha Parekh
|-
| 4
| "Dilbar Dil Se Pyare"
| Lata Mangeshkar
| Picturized on Aruna Irani
|-
| 5
| "Goria Kahan Tera Desh"
| Mohammad Rafi, Asha Bhosle
| Picturized on Jeetendra and Aruna Irani
|-
| 6
| "Hum To Hain Rahi Dil Ke"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
| Picturized on Jeetendra
|-
| 7
| "Kitna Pyara Wada Hai"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], Mohammad Rafi
| Picturized on Jeetendra and Asha Parekh
|-
| 8
| "[[Piya Tu Ab To Aaja]]"
| Asha Bhosle, R.D. Burman
| Picturized on [[Helen (actress)|Helen]]<br> Asha Bhosle won the [[Filmfare Best Female Playback Award]]
|}

==Box office==
''Caravan'' was declared a "Super Hit" domestically according to ''[[Box Office India]]''.<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-70s/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118181419/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-70s/ |archive-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The film grossed {{INR|36 million|link=yes}}<ref name=Boxoffice>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=177&catName=MTk3MQ== |work=BoxOfficeIndia.com |title=Box Office 1971 |access-date=31 Jan 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021200/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=177&catName=MTk3MQ%3D%3D |archive-date=22 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:36/7.49 round 2}} million|long=no}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (INR per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1971&locations=IN&start=1970 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=1971 |access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref> in India. It was the sixth highest-grossing film of 1971 at the domestic Indian box office.<ref name=Boxoffice/> Adjusted for inflation, the film's domestic box office gross is equivalent to {{US$|{{Inflation|US|4.81|1971}} million|long=no}} ({{INR|{{#expr:30*(1000/{{To USD|1000|IND}})/1000 round 2}} billion}}).

[[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|Overseas]], ''Caravan'' released in [[China]] in 1979 and became a blockbuster there, surpassing [[Raj Kapoor]]'s ''[[Awaara]]'' (1951). ''Caravan'' became the [[List of highest-grossing films in China|highest-grossing foreign film]] ever in China up until then, with 88{{nbsp}}million [[List of films by box office admissions|box office admissions]] in its initial run. It reportedly sold a total of nearly 300{{nbsp}}million tickets including re-runs, the highest for any foreign film ever released in China.<ref name="Tieba-Foreign">{{cite web |title=【图片】浩大工程之关于发行收入与放映收入关系【世界电影票房吧】 |url=https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5935148598 |website=[[Baidu Tieba]] |publisher=[[Baidu]] |language=zh |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="sina">{{cite web |title=《流浪者》《大篷车》中国内地票房 |url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62e688c70102ygwd.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190117071402/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62e688c70102ygwd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 January 2019 |publisher=[[Sina Corp]] |access-date=2018-11-03 |date=9 February 2019 |language=zh}}</ref> At an average ticket price of {{CNY|{{#expr:(0.10+0.30)/2}}0|link=no}},<ref>{{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Perry |title=The Uses of Literature: Life in the Socialist Chinese Literary System |date=2000 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=9780691001982 |page=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhBYxOitb-MC&pg=PA204}}</ref> the film grossed an estimated {{CNY|{{#expr:300*0.2}} million}}, equivalent to {{US$|{{#expr:60/1.55 round 0}} million|long=no}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (CNY per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1980&locations=CN&start=1979 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1979 |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> ({{INR|{{#expr:39*8.126 round 0}} million}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (INR per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1980&locations=IN&start=1979 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=1979 |access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref> Adjusted for inflation, this is equivalent to {{US$|{{Inflation|US|39|1979}} million|long=no}} ({{INR|{{#expr:137*(1000/{{To USD|1000|IND}})/1000 round 1}} billion}}).

In total, the film grossed an estimated {{INR|{{#expr:36+317}} million}} ({{US$|{{#expr:4.81+39 round 0}} million|long=no}}) in Asia, equivalent to {{INR|{{#expr:1.95+8.9}} billion}} ({{US$|{{#expr:30+137}} million|long=no}}) adjusted for inflation.

In terms of footfalls, the film sold an estimated {{#expr:36/(1.44*0.58+2.5*0.42) round 0}}{{nbsp}}million tickets in India,<ref name=Boxoffice/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mittal |first1=Ashok |title=Cinema Industry in India: Pricing and Taxation |date=1995 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=9788173870231 |pages=71 & 77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJVodLc6NgoC&pg=PA77}}</ref> and nearly 300{{nbsp}}million tickets in China,<ref name="sina"/> for an estimated total of nearly {{#expr:19+300}}{{nbsp}}million tickets sold in Asia.

==Legacy==
Along with ''Awaara'' and ''[[Noorie]]'' (1979), ''Caravan'' left a strong impression on Chinese audiences in the 1980s. It took decades before Tahir Hussain's son [[Aamir Khan]] later had a similar impact in China,<ref name="chinadaily">{{cite news|title=Dangal underlines popularity of Indian films in China|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-07/20/content_30186720.htm|work=[[China Daily]]|date=2017-07-20}}</ref><ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Aamir: I couldn't really enjoy the food in China|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aamir-i-couldnt-really-enjoy-the-food-in-china/20150521.htm|website=[[Rediff]]|date=21 May 2015}}</ref> with films such as ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001),<ref name="lagaan-china">{{cite news|title=Lagaan revives memories of Raj Kapoor in China|author=Anil K. Joseph|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=20 November 2002|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=16983|access-date=30 January 2009|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AC5TaOD8?url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=16983|archive-date=26 August 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014), and ''[[Dangal (film)|Dangal]]'' (2016).<ref name="chinadaily"/><ref name="rediff"/><ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|title=Aamir Khan's Father's Film Caravan Still Remembered in China. Now, it Loves PK|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/aamir-khans-fathers-film-caravan-still-remembered-in-china-now-it-loves-pk-770762|work=[[NDTV]]|date=11 June 2015|language=en}}</ref> During his visit to China, Aamir Khan said his father's film ''Caravan'' is still fondly remembered there.<ref name="ndtv"/>

==Awards and nominations==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] – Asha Bhosle for "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja"

=== Nominations ===
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] – R.D. Burman
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] – Aruna Irani

==See also==
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0066888|Caravan}}

{{Nasir Hussain}}

[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:1971 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1970s thriller drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nasir Hussain]]
[[Category:Films featuring an item number]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller drama films]]

Caravan (1971 film) - Revision history

Saddiqa khatri: small rework details for clarity and fixed typos per standard format

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>MusikAnimal: Reverted edits by Bis24k (talk) to last version by মামুন সাদেক