FranklynDavitt2: Adding Some Info From Scratch

2025-12-02T12:04:30Z

Adding Some Info From Scratch

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name = Cable Bridge Surat
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Cable Bridge Surat, India.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|21|10|55.7|N|72|47|45.2|E|display=it}}
| os_grid_reference =
| qid =
| refs =
| carries =
| crosses = [[Tapti River|Tapti]]
| locale = Athwa - Adajan, [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| starts = 2 October 2018
| ends =
| official_name = Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Bridge
| other_name =
| named_for =
| owner = [[Surat Municipal Corporation]]
| maint =
| heritage =
| id =
| id_type =
| website =
| preceded =
| followed =
| design = High Level [[Cable-stayed bridge]]
| material = Sub Structure - R.C.C. Pier
| material1 = Super Structure - Segmental Multi cell Box Girder/ PSC Box Girder / Solid Slab type
| material2 =
| length = {{convert|918|m}}
| width = {{convert|23.5|m}}
| height =
| depth =
| traversable =
| towpath =
| mainspan = {{convert|150|m}}<ref name=":1" />
| number_spans = 15
| piers_in_water = 7
| load =
| clearance_above =
| clearance_below = {{convert|23.5|m}} (From high flow level)
| lanes = 4
| life =
| first_length =
| first_diameter =
| second_length =
| second_diameter =
| third_length =
| third_diameter =
| capacity =
| num_track =
| track_gauge =
| structure_gauge =
| electrification =
| architect =
| designer =
| contracted_designer = * Before Incident - S. N. Bhobe and Associates
* After incident - [https://www.lntiel.com/ L & T Infra Engineering]
| winner =
| engineering =
| builder = *Sarted - [http://www.gammonindia.com/ Gammon India],
*Balance Portion - [http://www.uniqueconstruction.org/ Unique Construction Surat]
| fabricator =
| begin = 2010
| complete = 2018
| cost = Rs. 143.65 Crore

| open = 
| inaugurated = 2 October 2018
| rebuilt =
| collapsed =
| closed =
| replaces =
| replaced_by =
| traffic =
| toll =
| mapframe =
| mapframe_zoom =
| mapframe_width =
| mapframe_height =
| mapframe_marker =
| mapframe_marker_color =
| mapframe_lat =
| mapframe_long =
| extra = 
}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name = 3-way Interchange Flyover Bridge Connected with Cable-Stayed Bridge
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| os_grid_reference =
| qid =
| refs =
| carries =
| crosses =
| locale = Athwa - Parle Point, [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| starts = 2 October 2018
| ends =
| official_name =
| other_name =
| named_for =
| owner = [[Surat Municipal Corporation]]
| maint =
| heritage =
| id =
| id_type =
| website =
| preceded =
| followed =
| design =
| material =
| material1 =
| material2 =
| length = 669 metres + 445 metres = Total {{convert|1114|m}}
| width =
| height =
| depth =
| traversable =
| towpath =
| mainspan =
| number_spans = 68<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flyover bridge Connecting Cable-Stayed Bridge|url=http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/FlyOverBridge/FOB_18.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=Surat Municipal Corporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615203751/http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/FlyOverBridge/FOB_18.pdf|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
| piers_in_water =
| load =
| clearance_above =
| clearance_below =
| lanes =
| life =
| first_length =
| first_diameter =
| second_length =
| second_diameter =
| third_length =
| third_diameter =
| capacity =
| num_track =
| track_gauge =
| structure_gauge =
| electrification =
| architect =
| designer =
| contracted_designer = * Before Incident - S. N. Bhobe and Associates
* After incident - Casad Consultant, Ahmedabad
| winner =
| engineering =
| builder = Rachana Construction
| fabricator =
| begin = 2013
| complete = 2018
| cost = 30.92 Crore
| open = 
| inaugurated = 2 October 2018
| rebuilt =
| collapsed =
| closed =
| replaces =
| replaced_by =
| traffic =
| toll =
| mapframe =
| mapframe_zoom =
| mapframe_width =
| mapframe_height =
| mapframe_marker =
| mapframe_marker_color =
| mapframe_lat =
| mapframe_long =
| extra = 
}}'''Cable Bridge, Surat''' or '''Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Bridge''' is a [[cable-stayed bridge]] over the [[Tapti River]] that connects the Athwa and Adajan areas of [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The bridge is named after Indian politician and thinker [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]]. A connected [[Interchange (road)#Semi-directional T interchange|3-way interchange flyover bridge]] was constructed on the [[Athwalines]] side to facilitate easy flow of the traffic.

== Background ==
The construction of a new bridge over the [[Tapti River]] at Athwa was proposed in 2006. S. N. Bhobe and Associates, Navi Mumbai, was selected as the designer for both of the bridges in 2008. S. N. Bhobe and Associates has been designing projects for the [[Surat Municipal Corporation]] (SMC) since 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=28 August 2014|date=|title=Gujarat High Court|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61760658/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615182543/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61760658/|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-24|website=Indian Kanoon}}</ref> The same company previously designed the Fly Over Bridge at Nana Varachha junction, Fly Over Bridge at Kapodra Fire Station junction, Hajira - Adajan Flyover bridge and Shri Swami Dayanand Saraswati bridge across the Tapti River for SMC.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

Construction work for the cable-stayed bridge started in 2010. The construction this portion of the bridge (River-Bridge) was contracted to Gammon India and the connected [[Interchange (road)#Semi-directional T interchange|3-way interchange flyover bridge]] on the Athwa side of the main river bridge was contracted to Rachana Construction. Spectrum Techno Consultant Private Limited was appointed as Project Manager Consultant to supervise the entire construction work and to ensure that the construction was taking place as per standards.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

== Incident ==
On 25 May 2014 [[concrete slab]] work was being carried out at the sharp turning portion of the 3-way interchange flyover bridge.

On 10 June 2014 workers started removing the staging plates ([[formwork]]) from the slab, whose concrete was poured 15 days earlier on 25 May. Around 8 a.m. the whole slab weighing 650 tonnes, and of 35 metres in length, collapsed from 40 feet high.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2014-06-11 |title=5 die as slab of under-construction bridge falls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/5-die-as-slab-of-under-construction-bridge-falls/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615200230/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/5-die-as-slab-of-under-construction-bridge-falls/|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

16 workers were buried under the slab, 10 workers died on-the-spot and 6 sustained major or minor injuries.<ref name=":3" />

=== Investigation ===
Gujarat Engineering Research Institution in Vadodara was appointed to investigate the site, debris and material used for construction. Based on their report, the material used for construction was judged poor quality.

The design documents were sent to [[Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat]] for verification. Their report said there were major flaws in the design of the sharply curved part of the bridge. The sharp curvature was not taken into account by the designer, instead the design calculation was based on a straight slab, actually the detailed analysis should have been performed for that curved section. The center of gravity of that slab was outside the bridge deck and that created a larger 'turning moment', making the slab unstable.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=9 January 2015|date=|title=Gujarat High Court|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/110765069/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615200055/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/110765069/|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-25|website=Indian Kanoon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2015|title=SVNIT report blames design fault for Athwalines bridge collapse |publisher=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/SVNIT-report-blames-design-fault-for-Athwalines-bridge-collapse/articleshow/39666900.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615200418/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/SVNIT-report-blames-design-fault-for-Athwalines-bridge-collapse/articleshow/39666900.cms|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-25|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===
Based on investigations, the Police Inspector of Umra Police Station lodged a [[first information report]] on 3 July 2014 against 18 accused under section 304 Part II, 337, 338 and 114 of the [[Indian Penal Code]]. This included three employees of 'S. N. Bhobe and Associates, Navi Mumbai', five engineers from 'Spectrum Techno Consultant Private Limited,' four directors and three others of 'Rachana Constructions', and three engineers from 'SMC Bridge Cell.'<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2014-07-04|title=Finally complaint registered in the fly over bridge collapse incident|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/finally-complaint-registered-in-the-fly-over-bridge-collapse-incident/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615200616/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/finally-complaint-registered-in-the-fly-over-bridge-collapse-incident/|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

SMC Blacklisted 'S. N. Bhobe and Associates, Navi Mumbai' and transferred the design contract to 'L & T Infrastructure Eng. Ltd'.

'Rachana Construction' was also blacklisted.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-08-25|title=Surat bridge, flyover under CAG scanner|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/surat-bridge-flyover-under-cag-scanner-2994975/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615200731/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/surat-bridge-flyover-under-cag-scanner-2994975/|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Subsequently [[Gammon India]] was also blacklisted due to them abandoning the incomplete work in November 2014.<ref name=":2" /> The remaining bridge construction contract of the Bridge was issued to 'Unique Construction, Surat'.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=SMC- Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Bridge|url=http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615203215/http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13.pdf|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-23|website=Surat Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

The initial plan was to complete the construction in 30 months, but the collapse of one portion of the 3-Way Interchange Flyover Bridge during construction delayed the project.

The bridge was inaugurated by the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], [[Vijay Rupani]], on 2 October 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2018|title=Cable-stayed bridge to be inaugurated on Gandhi Jayanti |publisher=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/cable-stayed-bridge-to-be-inaugurated-on-gandhi-jayanti/articleshow/65971676.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615201730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/cable-stayed-bridge-to-be-inaugurated-on-gandhi-jayanti/articleshow/65971676.cms|archive-date=2020-06-15|access-date=2020-05-23|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref> 8 years after starting the construction.

==See also==
* [[2018 Kolkata bridge collapse]]
* [[Kolkata flyover collapse|2016 Kolkata flyover collapse]]
* [[Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Infrastructural fallures|2010 Commonwealth Games footbridge collapse in Delhi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* [https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Departments/BridgeCellHome Surat Municipal Corporation - Bridge Cell], [https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Departments/BridgeProjects?ProjectID=65 Cable-stayed River Bridge], [http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13.pdf Project Detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615203215/http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13.pdf |date=15 June 2020 }}, [http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13T.pdf Plan Detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615204850/http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/RiverBridge/RIVERB_13T.pdf |date=15 June 2020 }}
*[https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Departments/BridgeProjects?ProjectID=90 SMC 3-Way Interchange Flyover bridge], [http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/FlyOverBridge/FOB_18.pdf Project Detail], [http://suratmunicipalcorporation.org:8020/BridgeCell/FlyOverBridge/FOB_18T.pdf Plan Detail]
*[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/110765069/ A report submitted by Gujarat Engineering Research Institution and SVNIT (points 5 and 6, respectively)]
{{Surat topics}}

[[Category:2014 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters in India]]
[[Category:2014 road incidents in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Surat]]
[[Category:Disasters in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Surat]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters caused by construction error]]
[[Category:2010s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]
[[Category:Memorials to Deendayal Upadhyay]]

Cable Bridge (Surat, India) - Revision history

FranklynDavitt2: Adding Some Info From Scratch