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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Indian physicist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br />
'''Chandrakant Raju''' (born 7 March 1954) is an Indian [[computer scientist]], [[mathematician]], [[educator]], [[physicist]] and [[polymath]].<ref name=phayul>{{cite news|url=http://www.phayul.com/news/tools/print.aspx?id=37461&t=0|title=Dalai Lama hosts interactive discussion on Indian Philosophy and Modern Sciences|publisher=Phayul|date=4 Nov 2016}}</ref><ref name=hindubarooah /> He received the Telesio Galilei Academy Award in 2010 for defining a product of Schwartz distributions, for proposing an interpretation of quantum mechanics, dubbed the structured-time interpretation, and a model of physical time evolution, and for proposing the use of functional differential equations in physics.<ref name=tga>{{cite web|title=Gold Medal Winners 2010|url=http://www.telesio-galilei.com/tg/index.php/academy-award-2010}}</ref><ref name=zeenews>{{cite news|title=UK's Telesio-Galilei Academy award for physicist C K Raju|url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/uks-telesio-galilei-academy-award-for-physicist-c-k-raju_632476.html|publisher=Zee News}}</ref><br />
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==Biography==<br />
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===Birth and origin===<br />
Raju was born on 7 March 1954 in [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. <br />
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===Education===<br />
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Raju obtained a B.Sc. degree from the [[The Institute of Science, Mumbai|Institute of Science]], Bombay (1973), an M.Sc. from the Department of Mathematics [[University of Mumbai]], Bombay (1975), and a Ph.D. at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] (1980).<br />
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===Career===<br />
During the early 1980s, he was a faculty member at the Department of Statistics, [[University of Pune]]. Raju was a key contributor to the first Indian supercomputer, [[PARAM]] (1988–91),<ref name=hindubarooah>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820194106/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-08-20|title=Beyond the history of Time|last=Pisharoty|first=Sangeeta Barooah|date=2003-09-18|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-04-24}}.</ref><br />
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Raju has also done considerable historical research, most notably claiming infinitesimal calculus was transmitted to Europe from India.<ref>''Mathematics and Culture''. ''Implications of philosophy and culture for contemporary mathematics''. Book Review. [[The Hindu]]. 12 February 2008</ref><ref name=ferreiros>{{citation|title=Book Review: C.K. RAJU. Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE.|author=José Ferreirós|journal=Philosophia Mathematica|volume=17|year=2009|url=http://philmat.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/17/3/378|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415135518/http://philmat.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/17/3/378|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-15}}</ref><ref name=Agrawal>{{citation|title=The Kerala School, European Mathematics and Navigation|author=D.P. Agrawal|url=http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_kerala.htm}}</ref><br />
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Raju built on [[E.T. Whittaker]]'s beliefs that [[Albert Einstein]]'s theories of special and general relativity built on the earlier work of [[Henri Poincaré]]. Raju claims that they were "remarkably similar", and every aspect of special relativity was published by Poincaré in papers between 1898 and 1905. Raju goes further, saying that Einstein's failure to recognise the need for functional differential equations constitute a mistake that underlies subsequent relativistic physics.<ref>C. K. Raju, Time: Towards a Consistent Theory, Kluwer Academic, 1994, Chapter 5b. The error is that the essential history-dependence of the relativistic many-body problem has been washed away by using a Taylor expansion in powers of the delay to convert a retarded functional differential equation into an ordinary differential equation.</ref> He proposes that relativistic physics must be reformulated using functional differential equations. <ref>C.K. Raju. ''Electromagnetic Time'', chapter 5b, p.116-35 in {{cite book|isbn=978-0-7923-3103-2|author=Raju, C.K.|title=Time: Towards a Consistent Theory|publisher=Kluwer Academic|year=1994}}</ref> <ref>See {{cite book|isbn =978-0-7619-9624-8|author=Raju, C.K. |title=The Eleven Pictures of Time|publisher=Sage|year=2003}} p.298-299.</ref><br />
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Through his research, Raju has claimed that the Western philosophy of science, including its aspects that pertain to time <ref>Review of ''The Eleven Pictures of Time'' in ''Time and Society'', London, 13(2), September, 2004, pp. 405-7</ref> and the nature of mathematical proof<ref>{{citation|periodical=Ghadar Jari Hai|volume=2|issue=1|year=2007|title=Cultural Foundations of Mathematics|url=http://www.ghadar.in/Vol2_Issue1_PDF/v2_I1_Book_Review.pdf|access-date=13 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011064910/http://www.ghadar.in/Vol2_Issue1_PDF/v2_I1_Book_Review.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} Book Review</ref> are rooted in the theocratic needs of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>Raju, C.K. "Towards Equity in Mathematics Education 1. Goodbye Euclid!", Bharatiya Samajik Chintan, Indian Academy of Social Science. pp. 255-264. 2009.[http://ckraju.net/papers/MathEducation1Euclid.pdf]</ref><br />
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He has authored 12 books and dozens of articles, mainly on the subjects of physics, mathematics, and the history and philosophy of science.<ref>[http://ckraju.net/cv/institutions.html Education, Positions held and Society memberships], Institutions, ckraju.net</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
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* {{cite book|isbn=978-0-7923-3103-2|author=Raju, C.K.|title=Time: Towards a Consistent Theory|publisher=Kluwer Academic|year=1994}}<br />
* {{cite book|isbn=978-0-7619-9624-8|author=Raju, C.K. |title=The Eleven Pictures of Time|publisher=Sage|year=2003}}<br />
* {{cite book|isbn=978-81-317-0871-2|title=Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The nature of mathematical proof and the transmission of the calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2007|author=C.K. Raju.}}<br />
* {{cite book|asin=B0030EG1FQ|title=Is Science Western in Origin?|publisher=Multiversity and Citizens International|year=2009|author=C.K. Raju}}<br />
* {{cite book|isbn=978-983-3046-17-1|title=Euclid and Jesus: How and why the church changed mathematics and Christianity across two religious wars|publisher=Multiversity and Citizens International|year=2013|author=C.K. Raju}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite journal| title = Book review: C.K. RAJU. Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE.| last = Ferreirós| first = José| journal = Philosophia Mathematica| year = 2009| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]| volume = 17| pages = 378| doi = 10.1093/philmat/nkp003}}<br />
*{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820194106/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-08-20|title=Beyond the history of Time|last=Pisharoty|first=Sangeeta Barooah|date=2003-09-18|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2012-09-26}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Woodward|first=James F. |date=Dec 1996|title=Book review:Time: Towards a Consistent Theory. C. K. Raju.|journal=[[Foundations of Physics]]|publisher=Springer Netherlands|volume=26|issue=12 |doi=10.1007/BF02282131|s2cid=189834650 }}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://ckraju.net/index.html C.K. Raju's Website]<br />
* [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=%22CK+Raju%22+%22Statistics%22+&btnG=Search&as_sdt=800000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0 On Google scholar - His work on Statistics]<br />
* [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=%22CK+Raju%22+%22Physics%22+&btnG=Search&as_sdt=800000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0 On Google scholar - His work on Physics]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, C.K.}}<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]<br />
[[Category:1954 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]</div>->SinghisKing2807