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{{short description|City in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Burhanpur District}}
{{Distinguish|Berhampur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Burhanpur
| native_name = |other_name <ref name=name>{{cite book |last1=Mundy |first1=Peter |last2=Temple |first2=Richard Carnac |last3=Anstey |first3=Lavinia Mary |title=The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667 |date=1907 |publisher=Cambridge [Eng] Printed for the Hakluyt Society |isbn=978-0-8115-0338-9 |url=https://archive.org/stream/travelsofpetermu02mund/travelsofpetermu02mund_djvu.txt}}</ref>
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo2a = Shahi Qila, Burhanpur.jpg
|photo2b = Asirgarh fort -Burhanpur-(Madhya Pradesh, India).JPG
|photo3a = The Vanishing Point 01.jpg
|photo3b = Dargaah-e-Hakimi in Burhanpur - panoramio.jpg
|photo4a = Chi Chola Colony, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh 450331, India - panoramio.jpg
|size = 240
|position = center
|spacing = 3
|color = #FFFFFF
|border = 0
}}
| image_caption = From top, left to right: Shahi Qila, [[Asirgarh Fort]], Jama Masjid, Dargaah-e-Hakimi, [[Burhanpur railway station]]
| nickname =
| map_caption = India Burhanpur
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|21.3|N|76.23|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Burhanpur district|Burhanpur]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1380
| officer_title = District collector
| officer_name = Smt. Bhavya Mittal, IAS
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Smt. Madhuri Atul Patel (BJP)<ref>{{cite news |title=MP Civic Polls Result: बुरहानपुर में BJP की मेयर प्रत्याशी माधुरी पटेल की जीत, चौथी बार नगर निगम पर बीजेपी का कब्जा |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/madhya-pradesh/mp-civic-polls-result-bjp-mayor-candidate-madhuri-patel-wins-in-burhanpur-bjp-captures-municipal-corporation-for-fourth-time-au151-1348392.html |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=TV9 Bharatvarsh |date=17 July 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 34.6
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 247
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_total = 210891
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=30 August 2019|page=45|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 450331
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = (+91) 7325
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP]]-68
| website = {{URL|https://burhanpur.nic.in}}
| official_name =
| named_for = [[Burhanuddin Gharib]]
}}

'''Burhanpur''' is a historical city in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is the administrative seat of [[Burhanpur District]]. It is situated on the north bank of the [[Tapti River]] and {{convert|512|km|mi|0}} northeast of city of [[Mumbai ]], {{convert|340|km|mi|0}} southwest of the state's capital city of [[Bhopal ]]. The city is a Municipal Corporation.

== History ==
[[File:Shah-Jahan hunting lions at Burhanpur (July 1630).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] hunting wild [[Asiatic lion]]s in Burhanpur (July 1630)]]

=== Pre-Mughal period ===
Burhanpur was an important town under the [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty]] from 753–982. Excavations of the [[Tapti River]] and [[Asirgarh Fort]] have discovered many coins, goddess idols and temples from the prehistoric era. However, Burhanpur came to prominence during the medieval period.

In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, the [[Faruqi dynasty]] Sultan of [[Khandesh]], discovered Burhanpur, at the behest of [[Khwaja Zainuddin Shirazi|Shaikh Zainuddin]] and named it after a well-known medieval [[Sufi]] saint, [[Burhanuddin Gharib|Burhan-ud-Din]]. Burhanpur became the capital of the [[Khandesh]] sultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty, built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |year=1981 |title=The Kingdom of Khandesh |location=[[Delhi]] |publisher=Idarah-i-Adabiyat-i-Delli |page=21}}</ref> During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed into a major centre for trade and textile production.

=== Under the Mughals ===
In 1601, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]] annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became the capital of [[Khandesh subah]],<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=164}}</ref> one of three new top-level provinces in the [[Mughal empire]], added in 1601 (like [[Berar Subah]] in 1869 and Ahmadnagar subah in 1601–35) to the initial dozen as he conquered much of the Deccan.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} The town served as the residence of Khandesh's Mughal governor, [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]], during Akbar and Jahangir's rule. He constructed a new water supply for the town, as well as several gardens.<ref>{{Cite book|first1=George|last1=Michell|first2=Mark|last2=Zebrowski|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/231789599|title=Architecture and art of the Deccan Sultanates|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|isbn=0-521-56321-6|pages=53|oclc=231789599}}</ref> In 1609, Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]] appointed his second son [[Parviz (Mughal prince)|Parviz]] to the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters and his residence.

[[File:Royal bath or hammam shahi qila Burhanpur.jpg|thumb|Royal bath or hammam Shahi qila Burhanpur|left]]
Burhanpur became a beautiful town, and many historical monuments survive in its expanse, mainly dating from the rule of the great Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. Burhanpur was an important Mughal outpost. Shah Jahan spent a considerable amount of time in this town, and helped add to the [[Shahi Qila, Burhanpur|Shahi Qila]]. The Shahi Qila is one majestic palace in Burhanpur, located to the west of the Tapti River. Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila. Little of it remains today, as the Qila is mostly in ruins. However, the parts of the palace that are still standing display exquisite sculpture and carvings. The main attraction at the palace is the ''hamam'' or royal bath. It was specifically built for Shah Jahan's wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]] so that she could enjoy a luxurious bath. It is said that she died there while giving birth to her fourteenth child. Even today, the ceiling has many intricate paintings. One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for the [[Taj Mahal]], her final resting place.<ref>[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/tour.../burhanpur-monuments.aspx] {{dead link|date=October 2018}}</ref> She was initially buried there for six months before being moved. The original grave called the Aahukhana is in disrepair.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/in-neglected-burhanpur-where-mumtaz-mahal-once-rested/article17759131.ece|title=In neglected Burhanpur, where Mumtaz Mahal once rested|first=Rana|last=Safvi|date=2 April 2017|access-date=31 October 2018|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=M. |first1=Ramakrishnan |last2=Nair |first2=Sanjeev |title=Video: Why Burhanpur, not Agra, was Shah Jahan’s first choice for the Taj Mahal |url=https://scroll.in/video/856461/video-why-burhanpur-not-agra-was-shah-jahans-first-choice-for-the-taj-mahal |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=Scroll.in |date=3 November 2017}}</ref>

Around 1670 Daud Khan was the Subhadar (Governor) of Khandesh province, under the rule of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times |year=1919 |location=London, England |pages=195 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Maratha conquest ===
In 1705, [[Santaji Ghorpade]] attacked Burhanpur and Khandesh subha to force the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] to deploy more forces in Khandesh. This in turn relieved some of the pressure on Karnataka and Maratha swarajya from Mughal armies. In the 1720s, the town was taken by the Maratha [[Peshwa]] [[Bajirao]] during his expedition to Malwa and Delhi. In the 1750s, a Maratha army under [[Sadashivrao Bhau]], who defeated the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], took control of the town. At the downfall of the Maratha Empire, the town was given to Maratha Sardar Holkar, Scindia, and then finally in 1818 was handed over to British by the Marathas.<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA212|access-date=2 June 2012|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|pages=212–}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Burhanpur is situated on the southwestern border of Madhya Pradesh, near the banks of the [[Tapti River]].<ref name="GovSite">{{Cite web |title=जिला बुरहानपुर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन {{!}} दक्षिण का द्वार {{!}} भारत |url=https://burhanpur.nic.in/ |website=burhanpur.nic.in/|access-date=5 May 2022 |language=hi-IN}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{see also|List of cities in Madhya Pradesh}}

As [[2011 Indian Census]], population of Burhanpur in 2011 was 210,886, of which males and females were 108,187 and 102,699 respectively. The population in the age group of 0 to 6 years was 28,930, of which 15,035 were males and 13,895 were females. The total number of literates in Burhanpur was 147,056, which constituted 69.7% of the population with male literacy of 73.3% and female literacy of 65.9%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Burhanpur was 80.8%, of which male literacy rate was 85.1% and female literacy rate was 76.3%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 14,440 and 2,179 respectively. Burhanpur had 38118 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Burhanpur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=567942 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Burhanpur City (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-1 Population By Religious Community: Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|50.53}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|45.81}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|mediumblue|2.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|brown|0.60}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.39}}
}}

[[Islam]] and [[Hinduism]] is followed by 50.5% and 45.8 of the population respectively, with small number of [[Sikh]]s and [[Christian]]s.<ref name="Religion"/>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Burhanpur (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Urdu]] |value1 = 44.77 |color1 = green
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 23.57 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 21.23 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value4 = 4.68 |color4 = skyblue
|label5 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value5 = 3.02 |color5 = limegreen
|label6 = [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] |value6 = 1.00 |color6 = mediumvioletred
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.73 |color7 = grey
}}

[[Urdu]] is the most commonly spoken language. [[Hindi]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] are the other prominent languages. [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Marwari language|Marwari]] are also spoken. [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] is the local dialect.<ref name="GovSite"/><ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Chhattisgarh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10198/download/13310/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2200.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Industries===
Burhanpur is known for its textile industry. It is the largest hub for the power loom industry in the state. It is also known for having one NTC ([[National Textile Corporation]]) project. It has a number of textile companies which are well known for interlining cloths, Grey Markin, Bleached Dhoti, Cambric, Power loom Cloth bakram and other types of fabric. There are also several cotton and oil mills in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brief Industrial Profile of Burhanpur District |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/2016-17/Burhanpur%20DIPS.pdf |publisher=Government of India Ministry of MSME |access-date=24 November 2019 |page=3 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322133526/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/2016-17/Burhanpur%20DIPS.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Tourism ==
[[File:Dargah -e-Hakimi garden, Burhanpur.jpg|Dargah -e-Hakimi garden|thumb]]Burhanpur was ruled by several dynasties,<ref>{{Cite web|title = History of Burhanpur, British Rule in Burhanpur, Origin of Burhanpur|url = http://www.burhanpuronline.in/city-guide/History-of-Burhanpur|website = Burhanpuronline.in|access-date = 19 October 2015}}</ref> and consequently has many visitor attractions of historical interest. It has three rivers, the [[Tapti River|Tapti]], the [[Utavali River|Utavali]] and the Mohna, with several natural sights for visitors to Burhanpur. The city has four small ghats. Being the home of a very diverse population, Burhanpur has a notable [[Gurdwara|Gurudwara]],{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} [[Masjid]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Burhanpur Tourism, Tourist Places in Burhanpur, Sightseeing Burhanpur|url = http://www.burhanpuronline.in/city-guide/burhanpur-tourism|website = Burhanpuronline.in|access-date = 19 October 2015}}</ref> Church, a world-famous [[Abdul Qadir Hakimuddin|Dargah]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Things to Do - Dargah E Hakimi Burhanpur, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh|url = http://www.nivalink.com/things-to-do/dargah-e-hakimi-burhanpur|website = Nivalink.com|access-date = 19 October 2015}}</ref>
* [[Asirgarh Fort]] – The fort built by Asa Ahir of the Ahir dynasty is notable for its historical architecture. This fort during its prime time was difficult to win because of being built at a great height, with strong outer walls which are still standing intact. It is situated on Burhanpur-[[Khandwa]] Highway, {{convert|20|km|mi}} from Burhanpur.
* [[Shahi Qila, Burhanpur|Shahi Qila]] – A rare [[Forts in India|fort]] with a complete garden on its terrace. It was built in the Farooqi Dynasty and ruled by [[Shah Jahan|Shahjahan]] for a long period of time. His beloved wife [[Mumtaz Mahal|Mumtaz]] died here and it is believed that the [[Taj Mahal]] was decided to be made in Burhanpur before the plan was cancelled due to lack of white marble here at the time, though Mumtaz was buried here for six months after her death until Taj Mahal construction was completed.
* Jama Masjid – The Jama Masjid is a historic monument as well as a place of worship. It is centrally located in Gandhi Chowk. The construction of Jama Masjid started in Farooqi rule. The construction of the monument took very long and continued even after Farooqi leader Adil Shah's demise. Then Emperor Akbar supervised and completed the work of the Masjid. There are two large [[minaret]]s, three round [[cupola]]s and extensive artwork on its symmetric pillars which are well conserved.<ref name=":0" />
* Dargah-e-Hakimi – The tomb complex 'Dargah-e-Hakimi' includes mosques, gardens, and accommodation facilities for visitors. Here the holy [[Dawoodi Bohra]] saint, Sayyedi [[Abdul Qadir Hakimuddin]] is buried, with his [[monument]] visited by pilgrims from several countries.

==Transport==
Burhanpur is well connected to other cities of India via railway network. The city has one [[Burhanpur railway station|railway station]], while regular buses are available for travel to nearby cities. The closest airport is [[Jalgaon Airport]], a domestic airport, which is present on south side of the city, while [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport]] is the nearest customs airport within the state. The [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] is the nearest international airport located in [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra.

==In popular culture==
* The city is mentioned in [[Jules Verne]]'s ''[[Around the World in 80 Days]]'' as Burhampoor.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Around the World in Eighty Days, by Jules Verne |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/103/old/80day10h.htm |website=www.gutenberg.org |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Zainabadi Mahal]], concubine of Aurangzeb from Zainabad in Burhanpur

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111120203813/http://www.burhanpurlive.com/ Burhanpur Historical City]
* [https://myburhanpur.appspot.com My Burhanpur - The Historical City]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829114820/http://burhanpur.nic.in/ Burhanpur Gateway to South India]
{{Indore Division}}

[[Category:Burhanpur| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Burhanpur district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]]

Burhanpur - Revision history

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