Burhan-ud-Din (Indian National Army officer) - Revision history

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	{{About\|Burhan-ud-Din (officer of the Indian National Army)\|other persons with a similar name\|Burhan al-Din (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|Burhan-ud-Din (officer of the Indian National Army)\|other persons with a similar name\|Burhan al-Din (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use British English\|date=October ~~2022~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=October 2012}}
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Burhan-ud-Din		\| name = Burhan-ud-Din

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 10 December 2022
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	{{About\|Burhan-ud-Din (officer of the Indian National Army)\|other persons with a similar name\|Burhan al-Din (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|Burhan-ud-Din (officer of the Indian National Army)\|other persons with a similar name\|Burhan al-Din (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use British English\|date=October ~~2012~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=October 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2020~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Burhan-ud-Din		\| name = Burhan-ud-Din
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	\|children =		\|children =
	\|father = [[Shuja ul-Mulk\|Sir Shuja ul-Mulk]]		\|father = [[Shuja ul-Mulk\|Sir Shuja ul-Mulk]]
	\| footnotes =		\|footnotes =
	~~\|school =~~
	~~\|religion~~ =
	}}		}}
	'''Burhan-ud-Din''' (1914–1996) ({{lang-ur\|برھان الدین}}) of [[Chitral]] was a veteran of the [[Indian National Army]]. Burhan-ud-Din was the son of Mehtar [[Shuja ul-Mulk]], the ruler of [[Chitral (princely state)\|Chitral]].<ref name="Chitaley"/> He was by far the most famous Chitrali as a result of his service in the [[Indian National Army]] under [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] during [[World War II]].		'''Burhan-ud-Din''' (1914–1996) ({{lang-ur\|برھان الدین}}) of [[Chitral]] was a veteran of the [[Indian National Army]]. Burhan-ud-Din was the son of Mehtar [[Shuja ul-Mulk]], the ruler of [[Chitral (princely state)\|Chitral]].<ref name="Chitaley"/> He was by far the most famous Chitrali as a result of his service in the [[Indian National Army]] under [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] during [[World War II]].

	He later served with the [[Chitral Scouts]] alongside the [[Pakistan Army]] in [[Chilas]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]].<ref name="chitralnews"/><ref name="defence.pk"/>		He later served with the [[Chitral Scouts]] alongside the [[Pakistan Army]] in [[Chilas]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]].<ref name="chitralnews"/><ref name="defence.pk"/>
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	He was educated at the [[Islamia College University\|Islamia College]] in [[Peshawar]] and then the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College\|Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]] in [[British Raj\|India]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Singh, Mishra\|first=Bikram, Sidharth\|title=Where Gallantry is Tradition: Saga of Rashtriya Indian Military College\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9w4VTtJ2xkC&q=royal+family+chitral&pg=PA148}}</ref>		He was educated at the [[Islamia College University\|Islamia College]] in [[Peshawar]] and then the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College\|Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]] in [[British Raj\|India]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Singh, Mishra\|first=Bikram, Sidharth\|title=Where Gallantry is Tradition: Saga of Rashtriya Indian Military College\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9w4VTtJ2xkC&q=royal+family+chitral&pg=PA148}}</ref>

	He passed the military entrance exam and went to the [[Indian Military Academy]] at [[Dehradun]]. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on the Special List on 15 July 1936 and was attached to the 1st battalion The Kings Own Royal Regiment at Madras from 20 August 1936.<ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref> He was later accepted for the Indian Army and joined the 5th battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 20 August 1937, stationed at Peshawar on the North West Frontier.<ref>July 1939 Indian Army List</ref>		He passed the military entrance exam and went to the [[Indian Military Academy]] at [[Dehradun]]. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on the Special List on 15 July 1936 and was attached to the 1st battalion The Kings Own Royal Regiment at Madras from 20 August 1936.<ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref> He was later accepted for the Indian Army and joined the 5th battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 20 August 1937, stationed at Peshawar on the North-West Frontier.<ref>July 1939 Indian Army List</ref>

	His date of commission as a Second Lieutenant was antedated to 1 September 1935 and he was promoted Lieutenant on 1 December 1937.		His date of commission as a Second Lieutenant was antedated to 1 September 1935 and he was promoted Lieutenant on 1 December 1937.

	He was attached to the [[Indian Air Force]] from 1939 to 1941 before he reverted to the [[Indian Army during World War II\|Indian Army]]. He excelled at handling the signature biplanes of the time, the [[Westland Wapiti]] and the [[Tiger Moth]].<ref name="chitralnews">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm\|title=~~Remembring~~ Burhan ud Din\|last=Beg\|first=Sofia\|work=Chitral News\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813190835/http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm\|archive-date=13 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was transferred to the 2nd battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]]. The battalion sailed from India for Singapore on 28 October 1940<ref>History of the Baloch Regiment 1939–56 p 8</ref> and landed there on 11 November 1940.<ref>''The Forgotten Army'' University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 31</ref>		He was attached to the [[Indian Air Force]] from 1939 to 1941 before he reverted to the [[Indian Army during World War II\|Indian Army]]. He excelled at handling the signature biplanes of the time, the [[Westland Wapiti]] and the [[Tiger Moth]].<ref name="chitralnews">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm\|title=Remembering Burhan ud Din\|last=Beg\|first=Sofia\|work=Chitral News\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813190835/http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm\|archive-date=13 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was transferred to the 2nd battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]]. The battalion sailed from India for Singapore on 28 October 1940<ref>History of the Baloch Regiment 1939–56 p 8</ref> and landed there on 11 November 1940.<ref>''The Forgotten Army'' University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 31</ref>

	During the battle of Singapore in February 1942 he was a Lieutenant serving with "B" Company. He was taken prisoner of war at the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. After being taken prisoner of war he volunteered for the [[Indian National Army]].		During the battle of Singapore in February 1942 he was a Lieutenant serving with "B" Company. He was taken prisoner of war at the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. After being taken prisoner of war he volunteered for the [[Indian National Army]].

			His brother was Major Mata-Ul-Mulk, Fateh-e-Skardu, Governor of Shoghore, born on Feb-10, 1918, got education from [[Rashtriya Indian Military College\|Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]], Dehradun. Commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant on 15-07,1938, he got promotion as Lieutenant on 28-11,1940. Served as Captain in World War II at Malaya & Singapore on 20-06,1941. He joined the [[Indian National Army]] and got commissioned as the Reinforcement Commandant in the [[Subhash Chandra bose]]-led [[Indian National Army]] on 15 February 1943, thus, after the surrender, he was made Prisoner of War and captured. He also headed Chitral Body Guard Force 1946 as Colonel.
			He was made Prisoner of War again and arrested and imprisoned in Peshawar during 1948-1950. Lived the rest of his life in his ancestral Fort at Shoghore near Garamchashma, and passed away on Feb-08,2002.

	==World War II==		==World War II==

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{{About|Burhan-ud-Din (officer of the Indian National Army)|other persons with a similar name|Burhan al-Din (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Burhan-ud-Din
| image = BurhanUDdin.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 1 January 1914
| birth_place = [[Chitral]]
| death_date = 1996
|education =
|alma_mater = Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College
|occupation = Veteran of the Indian National Army, Senator [[Pakistan]]
|known_for =
|title =
|party =
|boards =
|spouse =
|children =
|father = [[Shuja ul-Mulk|Sir Shuja ul-Mulk]]
| footnotes =
|school =
|religion =
}}
'''Burhan-ud-Din''' (1914–1996) ({{lang-ur|برھان الدین}}) of [[Chitral]] was a veteran of the [[Indian National Army]]. Burhan-ud-Din was the son of Mehtar [[Shuja ul-Mulk]], the ruler of [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]].<ref name="Chitaley"/> He was by far the most famous Chitrali as a result of his service in the [[Indian National Army]] under [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] during [[World War II]].

He later served with the [[Chitral Scouts]] alongside the [[Pakistan Army]] in [[Chilas]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]].<ref name="chitralnews"/><ref name="defence.pk"/>

==Early career==
He was educated at the [[Islamia College University|Islamia College]] in [[Peshawar]] and then the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College|Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]] in [[British Raj|India]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh, Mishra|first=Bikram, Sidharth|title=Where Gallantry is Tradition: Saga of Rashtriya Indian Military College|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9w4VTtJ2xkC&q=royal+family+chitral&pg=PA148}}</ref>

He passed the military entrance exam and went to the [[Indian Military Academy]] at [[Dehradun]]. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on the Special List on 15 July 1936 and was attached to the 1st battalion The Kings Own Royal Regiment at Madras from 20 August 1936.<ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref> He was later accepted for the Indian Army and joined the 5th battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 20 August 1937, stationed at Peshawar on the North West Frontier.<ref>July 1939 Indian Army List</ref>

His date of commission as a Second Lieutenant was antedated to 1 September 1935 and he was promoted Lieutenant on 1 December 1937.

He was attached to the [[Indian Air Force]] from 1939 to 1941 before he reverted to the [[Indian Army during World War II|Indian Army]]. He excelled at handling the signature biplanes of the time, the [[Westland Wapiti]] and the [[Tiger Moth]].<ref name="chitralnews">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm|title=Remembring Burhan ud Din|last=Beg|first=Sofia|work=Chitral News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813190835/http://www.chitralnews.com/LT140.htm|archive-date=13 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was transferred to the 2nd battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]]. The battalion sailed from India for Singapore on 28 October 1940<ref>History of the Baloch Regiment 1939–56 p 8</ref> and landed there on 11 November 1940.<ref>''The Forgotten Army'' University of Michigan Press, 1995 page 31</ref>

During the battle of Singapore in February 1942 he was a Lieutenant serving with "B" Company. He was taken prisoner of war at the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. After being taken prisoner of war he volunteered for the [[Indian National Army]].

==World War II==
By 1944, Burhan-ud-Din was one of three IOC's of the Indian National Army. The Indian National Army was formed from Indian soldiers who were fighting for the [[United Kingdom|British]] against the [[Japan]]ese. They were captured by the Japanese and they were given a choice: Join the workers who were building the [[Death Railway]] including [[The Bridge on the River Kwai]], or take up arms and fight against the British on the side of the Japanese. Burhan-ud-Din became one of the commanders of the group who opted not to build the Bridge Over the River Kwai.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward Fay|first=Peter|title=The Forgotten Army|year=1995|isbn=0472083422}}</ref>

When [[Rangoon]] fell to the British on 3 May 1945, Burhan-ud-Din was captured the same day and placed under arrest. He was charged with a wartime atrocity. Many men under his command had often left their posts to go into Rangoon in search of women, often not to return for several days. Burhan-ud-Din, a deeply religious man, was offended by this practice, so he had five of his soldiers rounded up in Rangoon, brought back, and flogged as deserters. One of them, whose name was Joga Singh, died during the flogging. When the British captured the Indian National Army they were naturally anxious to put some of their leaders on trial.

Burhan-ud-Din was ultimately tried in a [[Court-martial|Military Court]] – presided by then [[Brigadier general|Brigadier]] [[Kodandera M. Cariappa]] – later [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Commander in Chief Chief]] of the [[Indian Army]]. Cariappa's court sentenced Burhan to seven years [[rigorous imprisonment]] in 1946. Following pronouncement of his sentence it is said that Brigadier Cariappa, who was heading the military court, walked over and shook hands with Burhan-ud-Din.<ref name="defence.pk">{{Cite news|url=http://defence.pk/threads/ina-burhan-ud-din-of-chitral.417322/|title=INA & Burhan-ud-Din of Chitral|date=10 January 2016|work=Pakistan Defence|language=en-US}}</ref> It was stated in the [[Chargesheet|charge-sheet]] that Burhan-ud-Din had waged war against the [[The Crown|King]].<ref name="Chitaley">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ02AAAAIAAJ&q=burhan+uddin+of+chitral|title=All India Reporter|date=1946|publisher=D.V. Chitaley|pages=159–172|language=en}}</ref>

Meanwhile, a bill containing the provisions of [[Lord]] [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbattens]] plan of 3 June 1947, was introduced in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] and passed as the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]]. The Act laid down detailed measures for the partition of [[British Raj|British India]] and speedy transfer of political powers to the new governments of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxdqsZVMdEC&pg=PA62|title=The Pearson Guide to CDS Entrance Examination|last=Thorpe|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131700747|pages=62|language=en}}</ref> This incident paved the way of release for the prisoners. Burhan and his co-convicts were released on 13 August 1947 and their sentences were nullified.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zwwAQAAIAAJ&q=Burhan+ina+trial+released|title=Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: League-congress deadlock, 1 August 1946 – 19 February 1947|last1=Zaidi|first1=Z. H.|last2=Project|first2=Quaid-i-Azam Papers|date=1993|publisher=Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, National Archives of Pakistan|isbn=9789698156213|pages=201|language=en}}</ref> After his release, he immediately returned to [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]].

==Death==
The circumstances of his death in 1996 are controversial. There is no agreement whether the gunshot wound which killed him in 1996 was an accident, self-inflicted or if somebody shot him.

==New developments==
The grandson of Burhan-ud-Din has won a suit before the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] and ordered hundreds of villagers to vacate a village in Chitral. The dispute over the land of Seen village between its residents and Burhan-ud-Din has been heard in various courts of law for the last 37 years and the apex courts has given its verdict in favour of the latter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraltimes.com/english10/newseng71.htm|title=Chitral Times || News Detail |||website=chitraltimes.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian National Army}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burhan-ud-Din}}
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:Indian National Army trials]]
[[Category:People from Chitral District]]
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Baloch Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni]]