Bunji Bridge - Revision history

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	Prior to 1891, there was only a ferry service to cross the Indus, which ran between Bunji and [[Jaglot]] (then called 'Sai'). In that year, in preparation for the [[Hunza–Nagar Campaign]], a flying bridge using [[wire rope]] was laid by Captain Aylmer of the [[Bengal Sappers and Miners]]. Aylmer also established a [[cable ferry\|wire-rope ferry]] which carried hundreds of tons of grains and military stores for the campaign.<ref>		Prior to 1891, there was only a ferry service to cross the Indus, which ran between Bunji and [[Jaglot]] (then called 'Sai'). In that year, in preparation for the [[Hunza–Nagar Campaign]], a flying bridge using [[wire rope]] was laid by Captain Aylmer of the [[Bengal Sappers and Miners]]. Aylmer also established a [[cable ferry\|wire-rope ferry]] which carried hundreds of tons of grains and military stores for the campaign.<ref>
	{{cite book \|last=Sandes \|first=E. W. C. \|title=The Military Engineer in India \|url=https://archive.org/details/engineer1 \|year=1935 \|publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers \|pp=[https://archive.org/details/engineer1/page/n471 435]–436}}		{{cite book \|last=Sandes \|first=E. W. C. \|title=The Military Engineer in India \|url=https://archive.org/details/engineer1 \|year=1935 \|publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/engineer1/page/n471 435]–436}}
	</ref><ref>		</ref><ref>
	{{citation \|last=Chohan \|first=Amar Singh \|title=Gilgit Agency 1877-1935 \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.242488 \|date=1997 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \|isbn=978-81-7156-146-9 \|via=archive.org \|pp=104–105}}		{{citation \|last=Chohan \|first=Amar Singh \|title=Gilgit Agency 1877-1935 \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.242488 \|date=1997 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \|isbn=978-81-7156-146-9 \|via=archive.org \|pages=104–105}}
	</ref>		</ref>

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	{{cite book \|last=Lalvani \|first=Kartar \|title=The Making of India: The Untold Story of British Enterprise \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB9CCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT426 \|year=2016 \|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing \|isbn=978-1-4729-2483-4 \|page=426}}		{{cite book \|last=Lalvani \|first=Kartar \|title=The Making of India: The Untold Story of British Enterprise \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB9CCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT426 \|year=2016 \|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing \|isbn=978-1-4729-2483-4 \|page=426}}
	</ref>).		</ref>).
	They were laced with wooden girders and attached to masonry abutments, designed to withstand strain of 500 pounds per foot.<ref>{{citation \|last=Chohan \|first=Amar Singh \|title=Economic Conditions in the Frontier Territories of Jammu and Kashmir under the Dogras \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuDsAAAAMAAJ \|year=1994 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors \|isbn=978-81-7156-388-3\|p=53}}</ref>		They were laced with wooden girders and attached to masonry abutments, designed to withstand strain of 500 pounds per foot.<ref>{{citation \|last=Chohan \|first=Amar Singh \|title=Economic Conditions in the Frontier Territories of Jammu and Kashmir under the Dogras \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuDsAAAAMAAJ \|year=1994 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors \|isbn=978-81-7156-388-3\|page=53}}</ref>
	The bridge was located a few miles upstream from Bunji, just below a large "knee-bend" that is the confluence of the Gilgit and Indus rivers.<ref name="Gunn">{{Citation \|last=Gunn \|first=J. P. \|title=The Shyok Flood, 1929 \|journal=Himalayan Journal \|volume=2 \|year=1930 \|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/02/5/the-shyok-flood-1929/ \|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>{{sfnp\|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan\|2001\|p=359}} It was called the "Partab Bridge" in honour of Maharaja Pratap Singh. The construction was carried out by Captain J. E. Capper of the Corps of Royal Engineers.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Sandes \|first=E. W. C. \|title=The Indian Sappers and Miners \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9W4AAAAIAAJ \|year=1948 \|publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers \|p=368}}</ref>		The bridge was located a few miles upstream from Bunji, just below a large "knee-bend" that is the confluence of the Gilgit and Indus rivers.<ref name="Gunn">{{Citation \|last=Gunn \|first=J. P. \|title=The Shyok Flood, 1929 \|journal=Himalayan Journal \|volume=2 \|year=1930 \|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/02/5/the-shyok-flood-1929/ \|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>{{sfnp\|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan\|2001\|p=359}} It was called the "Partab Bridge" in honour of Maharaja Pratap Singh. The construction was carried out by Captain J. E. Capper of the Corps of Royal Engineers.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Sandes \|first=E. W. C. \|title=The Indian Sappers and Miners \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9W4AAAAIAAJ \|year=1948 \|publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers \|page=368}}</ref>

	The bridge was the only means of contacting Gilgit during the summer months when the ferry would be unsafe due to the heavy summer flows of the Indus.<ref name="Gunn" />		The bridge was the only means of contacting Gilgit during the summer months when the ferry would be unsafe due to the heavy summer flows of the Indus.<ref name="Gunn" />

>John of Reading: /* top */Typo fixing, replaced: Vehice → Vehicles

2021-02-19T10:58:27Z

top: Typo fixing, replaced: Vehice → Vehicles

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{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox bridge
|name = Bunji Bridge
|other_name = Partab Pul
|named_for = [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Pratap Singh]]
|bridge_name = Bunji Bridge
|image = Bunji Bridge (55).jpg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = View of the Bunji Bridge in [[Bunji, Pakistan|Bunji]], [[Pakistan]]
|carries = Vehicles
|crosses = [[Indus River]]
|coordinates = {{coord|35.729781|N|74.623359|E|display=inline,title}}
|length = {{convert|330|ft|m}}
|design = Cantilever truss
|material = Iron - Steel
|complete = 1893
|rebuilt = 2012
}}

'''Bunji Bridge''' (or '''Partab Pul''') is a [[suspension bridge]] on the [[Indus River]] near [[Bunji, Pakistan|Bunji]], a town in the [[Astore District]] of [[Gilgit Baltistan|Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Pakistan]]. It was first built in the 19th century by the Maharaja [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Pratap Singh]]'s government of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Its wooden girders were burnt down during the 1947 [[Gilgit Rebellion]] and subsequently repaired. It fell into disuse and neglect in recent decades. It was restored by the recently established [[Government of Gilgit-Baltistan]] in 2012 after the 2010 Indus floods highlighted its value. The bridge is said to serve as a vital link between the town of [[Gilgit]] and the locations in the Astore District.<ref name=vital/>

== History ==
=== Construction ===
Bunji, part of the [[Astore District|Astore district]], is on the left bank of the Indus River as it flows south. The [[Gilgit District|Gilgit district]] is on the right bank of Indus.

Prior to 1891, there was only a ferry service to cross the Indus, which ran between Bunji and [[Jaglot]] (then called 'Sai'). In that year, in preparation for the [[Hunza–Nagar Campaign]], a flying bridge using [[wire rope]] was laid by Captain Aylmer of the [[Bengal Sappers and Miners]]. Aylmer also established a [[cable ferry|wire-rope ferry]] which carried hundreds of tons of grains and military stores for the campaign.<ref>
{{cite book |last=Sandes |first=E. W. C. |title=The Military Engineer in India |url=https://archive.org/details/engineer1 |year=1935 |publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers |pp=[https://archive.org/details/engineer1/page/n471 435]–436}}
</ref><ref>
{{citation |last=Chohan |first=Amar Singh |title=Gilgit Agency 1877-1935 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.242488 |date=1997 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-7156-146-9 |via=archive.org |pp=104–105}}
</ref>

In May–June 1893, a new suspension bridge across the Indus was constructed by the Maharaja [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Pratap Singh]]'s government, along with a neighbouring Ramghat Bridge across the Astore River. Steel wire ropes for the suspension were imported from England (made by Roger Bullivant<ref>
{{cite book |last=Lalvani |first=Kartar |title=The Making of India: The Untold Story of British Enterprise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB9CCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT426 |year=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4729-2483-4 |page=426}}
</ref>).
They were laced with wooden girders and attached to masonry abutments, designed to withstand strain of 500 pounds per foot.<ref>{{citation |last=Chohan |first=Amar Singh |title=Economic Conditions in the Frontier Territories of Jammu and Kashmir under the Dogras |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuDsAAAAMAAJ |year=1994 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |isbn=978-81-7156-388-3|p=53}}</ref>
The bridge was located a few miles upstream from Bunji, just below a large "knee-bend" that is the confluence of the Gilgit and Indus rivers.<ref name="Gunn">{{Citation |last=Gunn |first=J. P. |title=The Shyok Flood, 1929 |journal=Himalayan Journal |volume=2 |year=1930 |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/02/5/the-shyok-flood-1929/ |access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=359}} It was called the "Partab Bridge" in honour of Maharaja Pratap Singh. The construction was carried out by Captain J. E. Capper of the Corps of Royal Engineers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandes |first=E. W. C. |title=The Indian Sappers and Miners |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9W4AAAAIAAJ |year=1948 |publisher=Institution of Royal Engineers |p=368}}</ref>

The bridge was the only means of contacting Gilgit during the summer months when the ferry would be unsafe due to the heavy summer flows of the Indus.<ref name="Gunn" />

=== 1947 Gilgit Rebellion ===
The Pratab bridge was burnt down during the 1947 [[Gilgit Rebellion]], on the night of 2 November 1947 by Platoon number 7 of the Chilas Scouts, in order to block the passage of the [[Jammu and Kashmir State Forces|State Forces]] stationed at Bunji.<ref name="freedom fighter">[https://tribune.com.pk/story/2036122/1-115-year-old-freedom-fighter-still-eager-defend-motherland/ 115-year-old freedom fighter still eager to defend motherland], Express Tribune, 17 August 2019.</ref>{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=328,353,359-60}} Scholar [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]] deems a local ''rajah''—Muzaffaruddin to have given the order for this action (along with the destruction of a parallel ferry route), which eventually proved to be an important event in the chronicles of the Gilgit Rebellion.{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=328,353,360}}

The Scouts soldier that burnt the bridge, Naqibullah, displays a certificate given by the rebel leader Captain [[Mirza Hassan Khan]] for his valour.<ref name="freedom fighter"/> However, immediately after the event, Khan believed that Major [[William Brown (British Army officer)|William Brown]] of the [[Gilgit Scouts]] had ordered the burning so as to block his own rebel forces from reaching Bunji.<ref>{{harvp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=355}}: "Hasan blames Major Brown for the burning of these bridges so that there could be no possible approach left for reaching Bunji. He writes that the whole day of 4th November he spent in thinking over the problem as to how he could cross the river and reach Bunji."</ref> Hassan Khan appointed himself as the commander-in-chief of the "Republic of Gilgit" and wanted to conquer all of the Gilgit ''wazarat'', whereas Brown was likely satisfied with liberating just the [[Gilgit Agency]]. But Khan did march into Bunji crossing the Indus by rafts, and the State Forces stationed there were neutralised by 5 November.{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=351}}

On 6 November 1947, a call for repairs of the bridge was dispatched to local engineers.{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=356}} It was not until late February 1948 that the bridge was repaired,{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=374}} following which the Gilgit Scouts proceeded to lay the [[siege of Skardu]].

=== 2000s ===
Since around 2000, the bridge fell into increasing neglect and disuse, in favour of a new wider bridge, which was built joining [[Jaglot]] with Bunji, along a new alignment (at coordinates {{coord|35.665866|74.627944}}).{{sfnp|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001|p=33}}<ref>{{citation |last=Karim |first=Afsir |chapter=Strategic dimensions of the trans-Himalayan frontiers |editor-first=K. |editor-last=Warikoo |title=Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-03294-5 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_Z8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |page=62}}</ref><ref name="vital" />

The new bridge was destroyed during the 2010 flooding of the Indus River.<ref name="vital" /> Following demands from the local populace, the Partab Bridge was restored in early 2012.<ref name="vital">{{Cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/329572/infrastructure-development-historic-pratab-bridge-repaired-to-restore-vital-road-link/ |title=Infrastructure development: Historic Pratab bridge repaired to restore vital road link |last=Shabbir |first=Mir |date=31 January 2012 |newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]] |url-status=live}}</ref> The washed-away bridge is also reported to have been repaired at a cost of about Rs. 18 million. The first [[Chief Minister]] of Gilgit-Baltistan, [[Syed Mehdi Shah]] reopened it November 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bunji Bridge opened in the end of 2012 |url=https://www.chitraltoday.net/bunji-bridge-opened/ |accessdate=26 October 2019 |publisher=Chitral Today |date=18 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/765079 |title=Flood-damaged bridge rebuilt in GB |last=Correspondent |date=18 November 2012 |newspaper=Dawn}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jammu–Sialkot line]], constructed during the Maharaja Pratap Singh's reign

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Dani |first=Ahmad Hasan |authorlink=Ahmad Hasan Dani |title=History of Northern Areas of Pakistan: Upto 2000 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOltAAAAMAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-1231-1 |ref={{sfnref|Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan|2001}}}}

== External links ==
* {{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53BtBQAAQBAJ |title=Gilgit Rebelion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India |last=Brown |first=William |date=2014-11-30 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=9781473841123}}

[[Category:Bridges in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1894]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Indus River]]