>BrownHairedGirl: remove {{Karnataka topics}}, which doesn't link here

2021-04-29T18:30:15Z

remove {{Karnataka topics}}, which doesn't link here

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{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhucheshwara Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hindu temple
| image_skyline = Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = South West View, Bucesvara temple (1173 AD) at Koravangala in [[Hassan district]]
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hassan District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 577146
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:A profile of Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 2.JPG|thumb|upright|Bucesvara temple at Koravangla, view from the south-west]]
[[File:Southern wall of Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala.jpg|thumb|right|Outer wall relief articulation at Bucesvara Temple is of the "old style"; eaves below superstructure, wall images below decorative miniature towers, five mouldings at the base]]
[[File:Profile of Bucesvara temple at Koravangla.JPG|thumb|upright|Elephant [[baluster]] at the Bucesvara temple]]

'''The Bucesvara temple ''' (also spelt '''Bucheshwara''' or '''Bucheshvara''') is a simple yet elegant specimen of 12th century of [[Hoysala architecture]]. It is located in the village of Korvangla, 10 km from [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]] city, in Hassan district or Karnataka state, India.<ref name="elegent">Foekema (1996), pp78-79</ref> The temple was built in 1173 A.D. by a rich officer called Buci (or Buchiraja), to celebrate the coronation of Hoysala King [[Veera Ballala II]].<ref name="dvikuta">Foekema (1996), p79</ref><ref name="ballala">{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-11.html|title=Buchesvara Temple
|work=ASI Bengaluru Circle
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India
|access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref>
Nearby are two more temples that are in ruins. From the inscriptions on the premises, it is evident that these two temples had been commissioned by Buci's older brothers, Govinda and Naka.<ref name="icon" /> This temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka - Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Shri Bucesvara temple - South West Side View-9314.jpg|thumb|South West Side View]]
[[File:A profile of Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 3.JPG|thumb|upright|Bucesvara temple at Koravangla, a view from the lateral side with elephant balusters]]

== Architecture ==
By plan, the temple is a ''divikuta'' (two shrines) that face each other. These shrines are connected by a closed ''[[Mandapa|mantapa]]'' (hall) and an open ''mantapa''. Consequently, one shrine appears much dimmer in lighting than the other. At the eastern end of the complex is a small shrine whose deity is the [[Bhairava]], a form of the Hindu god Shiva.<ref name="dvikuta"/>

The western shrine facing the east, containing an image of [[Surya]] (the Sun god in Hinduism) has a staggered square plan (also called "cross in square", a square with three projections per side<ref name="suka"/>), its ''[[Kalasha|kalasa]]'' (decorative water-pot on top of the tower over the shrine,<ref name="pot">Foekema (1996), p27</ref> and Hoysala crest (warrior stabbing a lion) standing above the [[sukanasa]] are intact, and the decorative features on the ''[[shikhara]]'' (tower over shrine) and the outer walls are "conventional" by Hoysala standards.<ref name="dvikuta"/><ref name="icon">Foekema (1996), p80</ref><ref name="keynote1">Kamath (2001), p134</ref>

The eastern shrine, which contains a ''[[linga]]'' (the universal symbol of the Hindu god [[Shiva]]) has a similar plan; a ''Sukhanasi'' (called "nose") which is a low protrusion of the tower over the shrine and is built over the vestibule which connects the ''[[vimana]]'' (cella) to the hall.<ref name="suka">Foekema (1996), p22</ref><ref name="keynote1"/> However its main tower is missing and it is unclear if the tower was a part of the original plan or not.<ref name="dvikuta"/><ref name="icon"/>

The temple decorative features can be said to belong to the "old kind" prevalent even before the Hoysala times. In this type of decoration, below the superstructure (tower), an eaves that projects about half a meter runs all around the temple. Below the eaves are decorative miniature towers (the [[aedicula]]) on [[pilaster]]s. The miniature towers (turrets) are in various styles; ''nagara'', ''[[Dravidian architecture|dravida]]'', ''[[vesara]]'', and ''[[bhumija (architecture)|bhumija]]''.<ref name="ballala"/> In the "old kind", the large wall images of [[deity|deities]] and their attendants are placed below these decorative towers. These images include among others; Bhairava (a version of the god Shiva), the goddess [[Saraswati]] and [[Durga]], [[Ishvar|Maheshvara]], [[Narasimha]], [[Brahma]], and [[Gopal (Krishna)|Venugopala]].<ref name="ballala"/> Below these images, the base of the wall comprises five different horizontal [[Molding (decorative)|molding]]s, one of which is a row of blocks.<ref name="dvikuta"/><ref name="keynote1"/><ref name="mold">Foekema (1996), p28</ref>

The halls are adjoining. The closed hall is complete in design but the open hall is not. It has no structure above its eaves (due to the missing tower) and provides two side entrances into the temple, the southern entrance being flanked by two small elephant [[balustrade]]s. The outer wall of the closed hall has, in addition to usual Hindu iconography, some unusual reliefs, depicting animals devouring animals.<ref name="dvikuta"/> The ceiling art in the open hall is of fine quality and the pillars have a glossy finish.<ref name="icon"/> The pillars of the ''mantapa'' (hall) are bell shaped, a design achieved by turning with lathes.<ref name="ballala"/><ref name="keynote2">Kamath (2001), p135</ref>
[[File:Bucheshwara Temple , Korvangala In Monochromes-.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Bucheswara Temple at Koravagala, south-east corner view]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:A profile of Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Close up profile of shrine and its superstructure (''shikhara'') at the Bucesvara temple in Koravangla
File:Relief at Bucesvara temple at Koravangla.JPG|Miniature decorative tower in relief bounded by decorative swirls in [[bas-relief]]
File:Shrine outer wall relief in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Wall bas-relief depicting the Hindu god Krishna
Panoramic view of the Bucesvara Temple.JPG|Panoramic view from South-East Corner with old Kannada inscription slab of King Veera Ballala II dated 1173 A.D.
File:Open mantapa leading to sanctum in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Late turned pillars inside the ''mahamantapa'' (open hall)
Southern entrance to the Bucesvara Temple.JPG|Southern entrance and elephant balustrade. Next to it is an old Kannada (1173 A.D.) inscription slab of King Veera Ballala II.
File:Shrine outer wall relief in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 1.JPG|Shrine outer wall relief in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Shrine outer wall relief in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Shrine outer wall relief in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Ornate lintel and door jamb in Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Ornate lintel and door jamb in Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 4.JPG|Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 1.JPG|Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala 2.JPG|Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala.JPG|Domical bay ceiling in the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala
File:Bucheshwara Temple , Koravangala , South Side Entrance.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
*Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-year=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}
*{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-11.html|title=Buchesvara Temple|work=ASI Bengaluru Circle
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=6 July 2012}}
*''Blazing Trail of Golden Era - Tourist Guide of Hassan District'', Karnataka tourism

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120002402/http://www.hassan.nic.in/htmls/tourist_information.htm Hassan District Tourism]

[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1173]]
[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Hassan district]]

Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala - Revision history

>BrownHairedGirl: remove {{Karnataka topics}}, which doesn't link here