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	{{Short description\|Brohadisvara temple is known as Gangaikonda cholapuram}}		{{Short description\|Brohadisvara temple is known as Gangaikonda cholapuram}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=March 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=March 2014}}
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	\| deity = [[Shiva]]		\| deity = [[Shiva]]
	\| festivals= [[Maha Sivaratri]], [[Sadhaya vizha]]		\| festivals= [[Maha Sivaratri]], [[Sadhaya vizha]]
	\| architecture = [[Chola art and architecture \| Chola Architecture]]<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Rao \|first1=Raghunadha \|title=Indian Heritage and Culture \|date=1989 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Private Limited \|isbn=9788120709300 \|pages=32 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-p8Zg62USYC&dq=brihadisvara+temple+tamil+architecture&pg=PA32}}</ref>		\| architecture = [[Chola art and architecture\|Chola Architecture]]<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Rao \|first1=Raghunadha \|title=Indian Heritage and Culture \|date=1989 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Private Limited \|isbn=9788120709300 \|pages=32 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-p8Zg62USYC&dq=brihadisvara+temple+tamil+architecture&pg=PA32}}</ref>
	\| inscriptions = [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]		\| inscriptions = [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]
	\| year_completed = 11th century AD		\| year_completed = 11th century AD
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	The reasons for the city's destruction are unclear. According to Vasanthi, the [[Pandyas]] who defeated the Cholas during the later part of 13th-century "may have razed the city to ground" to avenge their previous defeats.<ref name=V>{{Cite book \|chapter=Excavation at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, the imperial capital of Rajendra Chola, and its significance \|editor-last1=Kulke \|editor-first1=Hermann \|editor-last2=K. \|editor-first2=Kesavapany \|editor-first3=Vijay \|editor-last3=Sakhuja \|last=S. \|first=Vasanthi \|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia \|year=2009 \|publisher=Institute of south-east Asian Studies \|location=Singapore \|pages=96–100 \|isbn=978-981-230-938-9 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA96 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135621/https://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA96 \|archive-date=27 November 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, it is unclear why other temples were destroyed and this temple was spared, as well as why there are around twenty inscriptions from later Cholas, Pandyas and [[Vijayanagar Empire]]s indicating various gifts and grants to this temple if they previously razed this place.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The great temple at Tanjore\|last=Pillai\|first=J.M. Somanasundaram\|publisher=Tamil University, Thanjavur\|year=1994\|pages=109–111}}</ref>		The reasons for the city's destruction are unclear. According to Vasanthi, the [[Pandyas]] who defeated the Cholas during the later part of 13th-century "may have razed the city to ground" to avenge their previous defeats.<ref name=V>{{Cite book \|chapter=Excavation at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, the imperial capital of Rajendra Chola, and its significance \|editor-last1=Kulke \|editor-first1=Hermann \|editor-last2=K. \|editor-first2=Kesavapany \|editor-first3=Vijay \|editor-last3=Sakhuja \|last=S. \|first=Vasanthi \|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia \|year=2009 \|publisher=Institute of south-east Asian Studies \|location=Singapore \|pages=96–100 \|isbn=978-981-230-938-9 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA96 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135621/https://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA96 \|archive-date=27 November 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, it is unclear why other temples were destroyed and this temple was spared, as well as why there are around twenty inscriptions from later Cholas, Pandyas and [[Vijayanagar Empire]]s indicating various gifts and grants to this temple if they previously razed this place.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The great temple at Tanjore\|last=Pillai\|first=J.M. Somanasundaram\|publisher=Tamil University, Thanjavur\|year=1994\|pages=109–111}}</ref>

	An alternative theory links the destruction to the raids, plunder and wars, particularly with the invasion of the capital city and the territories, that were earlier a part of the Chola and Madurai Empires, by the armies of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] led by the Muslim commander [[Malik Kafur]] in 1311, followed by [[Khusro Khan\|Khusrau Khan]] in 1314, and [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]] in 1327.<ref name="Howard2012p93"/><ref>{{cite book\|author=George Michell\|title=Islamic heritage of the Deccan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3yEKAQAAIAAJ\|year=1986\|publisher=Mārg Publications\|page=8\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135620/https://books.google.com/books?id=3yEKAQAAIAAJ\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jamal Malik\|title=Islam in South Asia: A Short History\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC\|year=2008\|publisher=BRILL Academic\|isbn=978-90-04-16859-6\|page=140\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135621/https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The period that followed saw wars between the Hindu kings and the Muslim sultans who succeeded the Delhi Sultanate and carved out new states such as the nearby [[Madurai Sultanate]] (1335–1378).<ref name=michell16/>{{refn\|group=note\|Thanjavur was a target of both Muslim and Hindu kingdoms, both near and far. The [[Madurai Sultanate]] was established in the 14th century, after the disastrous invasions and plunder of South India by [[Alauddin Khalji\|Ala ud-Din Khalji's]] armies of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] led by [[Malik Kafur]].<ref>George Michell (2008), Architecture and art of Southern India, Cambridge University Press, pages 9-13, 16-21</ref> Later the [[Adil Shahi dynasty\|Adil Shahi Sultanate]], the [[Qutb Shahis]], the Randaula Khan and others from the east and west coasts of South India raided it, and some occupied it for a few years.<ref name=michell16>George Michell (2008), Architecture and art of Southern India, Cambridge University Press, pages 16-21, 89-91</ref>}} The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] defeated the Madurai Sultanate in 1378 and this temple, along with other Chola era temples, then returned to the control of Hindu kings who repaired and restored many of them.~~<ref name=michell16/>~~<ref name="Howard2012p93">{{cite book\|author=Michael C. Howard\|title=Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA94\|year=2012\|publisher=McFarland\|isbn=978-0-7864-9033-2\|pages=93–94\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135619/https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA94\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>		An alternative theory links the destruction to the raids, plunder and wars, particularly with the invasion of the capital city and the territories, that were earlier a part of the Chola and Madurai Empires, by the armies of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] led by the Muslim commander [[Malik Kafur]] in 1311, followed by [[Khusro Khan\|Khusrau Khan]] in 1314, and [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]] in 1327.<ref name="Howard2012p93"/><ref>{{cite book\|author=George Michell\|title=Islamic heritage of the Deccan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3yEKAQAAIAAJ\|year=1986\|publisher=Mārg Publications\|page=8\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135620/https://books.google.com/books?id=3yEKAQAAIAAJ\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jamal Malik\|title=Islam in South Asia: A Short History\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC\|year=2008\|publisher=BRILL Academic\|isbn=978-90-04-16859-6\|page=140\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135621/https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The period that followed saw wars between the Hindu kings and the Muslim sultans who succeeded the Delhi Sultanate and carved out new states such as the nearby [[Madurai Sultanate]] (1335–1378).<ref name=michell16/>{{refn\|group=note\|Thanjavur was a target of both Muslim and Hindu kingdoms, both near and far. The [[Madurai Sultanate]] was established in the 14th century, after the disastrous invasions and plunder of South India by [[Alauddin Khalji\|Ala ud-Din Khalji's]] armies of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] led by [[Malik Kafur]].<ref>George Michell (2008), Architecture and art of Southern India, Cambridge University Press, pages 9-13, 16-21</ref> Later the [[Adil Shahi dynasty\|Adil Shahi Sultanate]], the [[Qutb Shahis]], the Randaula Khan and others from the east and west coasts of South India raided it, and some occupied it for a few years.<ref name=michell16>George Michell (2008), Architecture and art of Southern India, Cambridge University Press, pages 16-21, 89-91</ref>}} The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] defeated the Madurai Sultanate in 1378 and this temple, along with other Chola era temples, then returned to the control of Hindu kings who repaired and restored many of them.<ref name="Howard2012p93">{{cite book\|author=Michael C. Howard\|title=Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA94\|year=2012\|publisher=McFarland\|isbn=978-0-7864-9033-2\|pages=93–94\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127135619/https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA94\|archive-date=27 November 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=michell16/>

	==Texts==		==Texts==

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2023-11-15T21:40:57Z

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	* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/250 Unesco Great Living Chola Temples]		* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/250 Unesco Great Living Chola Temples]

			{{Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu}}
	{{World Heritage Sites in India}}		{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
	{{Shaivism}}		{{Shaivism}}

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>Djsasso: Djsasso moved page Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram to Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram

2019-09-20T11:27:24Z

Djsasso moved page Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram to Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram

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{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Gangaikonda Cholapuram Brihadeeswarar Temple
| image = Gangaikondacholapuram Temple 4.jpg
| alt = View of the entire temple complex.
| caption = Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple
| country = India
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|12|22.44|N|79|26|56|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Ariyalur district]]
| elevation_m =
| architecture = [[Dravidian Architecture]]
| inscriptions = Tamil and Grantha
| creator = [[Rajendra Chola I]]
| website =
}}
'''Brihadeshwara Temple''' (also called '''Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple''' and '''Gangaikondacholeeswaram''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]] located in [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]], [[Ariyalur district]], in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Other websites==
{{Commons category|Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple}}
* [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/250 Unesco Great Living Chola Temples]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brihadeeswarar Temple}}
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Temples in India]]
[[Category:11th century establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Establishments in India]]

{{religion-stub}}

Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram - Revision history

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>Djsasso: Djsasso moved page Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram to Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram