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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

{{Infobox bilateral relations|Indo-Brazilian|Brazil|India|filetype=svg|mission1=Embassy of Brazil, [[New Delhi]]|mission2=Embassy of India, [[Brasilia]]|envoytitle1=Brazilian Ambassador to India|envoy1=[[Mr Kenneth Felix Haczynski da Nobrega]]|envoytitle2=Indian Ambassador to Brazil|envoy2=[[Suresh Reddy]]}}
[[File:Bolsonaro with Modi November 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|290px|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Brazilian President [[Jair Bolsonaro]], November 2019.]]

'''Brazil–India relations''' ([[Hindi]]: भारत-ब्राजील संबंध; [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Relações Índia-Brasil), also referred to as '''Indo-Brazilian relations''', are the [[Bilateralism|bilateral relations]] between [[Brazil]] and [[India]].

The relations are based on a common global vision, shared democratic values and a commitment to foster inclusive economic growth for the welfare of the people of both countries. Brazil was the first Latin American nation to establish diplomatic relations with India in 1948. The ties were elevated to a strategic partnership in 2006, opening a new phase in the bilateral relations.<ref name="PIB">{{cite news |title=Curtain Raiser - Republic Day Celebrations 2020 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=197636 |access-date=9 March 2020 |agency=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=25 January 2020}}</ref> Both the countries are members of [[BRICS]], [[G-20]], [[IBSA Dialogue Forum|IBSA]] and [[G4 nations|G4]], and aspire for a [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent seat]] at the [[UN Security Council reform|UN Security Council]].

The Brazilian president [[Jair Bolsonaro]] was the chief guest at the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations of India in 2020.<ref name="PIB"></ref>

According to a 2013 [[BBC]] World Service Poll, only 16% of Brazilians view India's influence positively. Indian opinion on Brazil is also sharply divided, with 20% viewing Brazil positively and 18% viewing Brazil negatively.<ref>[http://www.globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2013_country_ratings/2013_country_rating_poll_bbc_globescan.pdf 2013 World Service Poll] ''[[BBC]]''</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed|date=May 2010}}
India's links with Brazil go back five centuries. [[Portugal]]’s [[Pedro Alvares Cabral]] is officially recognised as the first European to “discover” Brazil in 1500. Cabral was sent to India by the King of Portugal after the return of [[Vasco da Gama]] from his pioneering journey to India. Cabral is reported to have been blown off course on his way to India. Brazil became an important [[Colonial Brazil|Portuguese colony]] and stop-over in the long journey to [[Goa]]. This Portuguese connexion led to the exchange of several agricultural crops between India and Brazil in the colonial days. Indian cattle was also imported to Brazil. Most of the cattle in Brazil is of Indian origin.
[[File:Chegada ao Rio de Janeiro de Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi, primeira ministra da Índia..tif|thumb|Indira Gandhi on a visit to Brazil, 1968, [[Brazilian National Archives|National Archives of Brazil]]]]
Diplomatic relations between India and Brazil were established in 1948. The Indian Embassy opened in [[Rio de Janeiro]] on May 3, 1948, moving to [[Brasília]] on August 1, 1971.

One of the major sources of tension between the two nations was the decolonisation process of the Portuguese enclaves in India, principally Goa. Despite pressure from India on Portugal to retreat from the subcontinent, Brazil supported Portugal's claim for Goa. Brazil only changed course in 1961, when it became increasingly clear that India would succeed in taking control of Goa by force from an increasingly feeble Portugal, which faced too many internal problems to pose a potent military threat to India. Still, when Nehru's armies overwhelmed Portuguese resistance and occupied Goa, the Brazilian government criticised India sharply for violating international law. While Brazil tried to explain to India that its position was to be understood in the context of a long tradition of friendship between Brazil and Portugal, the Indian government was deeply disappointed that Brazil, a democratic and a former colony, would support a non-democratic Portugal against democratic and recently independent India.<ref>Stuenkel, Oliver. [http://www.associationdiplomats.org/Publications/ifaj/Vol5/vol5index.htm "The Case for Stronger Brazil-India Relations"], 'The Indian Foreign Affairs Journal' July–September 2010</ref>

During the [[Portuguese Empire]], [[chili pepper|chillis]] were traded from the New World to India and cows were sent the other way, amongst other trades.

In 2009, Brazil approved the sale of 100 MAR-1 [[anti-radiation missile]]s to Pakistan despite [[India]]'s pressure on Brazil not to do so.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Defense Industry Daily|last1=staff|access-date=2023-06-20|title=Brazil to Sell MAR-1 SEAD Missiles to Pakistan|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Brazil-to-Sell-MAR-1-SEAD-Missiles-to-Pakistan-05182/|website=Defense Industry Daily}}</ref> Brazil's [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Defense Minister]] [[Nelson Jobim]] called these missiles "very effective ways to monitor" areas flown by war planes, and said the deal with Pakistan was worth 85 million [[euros]] (167.6 million [[dollars]]).
He dismissed protests by India. "Brazil negotiates with Pakistan, not with Pakistan terrorists," Mr Jobim said. "To cancel this deal would be to attribute terrorist activities to the Pakistani Government."<ref>[http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/brazil+approves+sale+of+100+missiles+to+pakistan-sal Brazil approves sale of 100 missiles to Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105042749/http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/brazil+approves+sale+of+100+missiles+to+pakistan-sal |date=2019-01-05 }} Dawn.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-05.</ref>

==Cultural relations==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2013}}
A successful ''Festival of India'' was organised during the visit of President [[K. R. Narayanan|K.R. Narayanan]] to Brazil in May 1998. There is also a presence of [[ISKCON]], [[Satya Sai Baba]], [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], Bhakti Vedanta Foundation and other Indian spiritual [[guru]]s and organisations have chapters in Brazil.

A statue of [[Mohandas Gandhi]] is located near the Parque Ibirapuera at São Paulo and another statue is also at Rio de Janeiro. A group called the Filhos de Gandhi (Sons of Gandhi) participates regularly in the [[Brazilian Carnival|carnival]] in [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]. Private Brazilian organisations occasionally invite Indian cultural troupes.

[[Caminho das Índias]], a popular [[telenovela]] in Brazil aired in 2009, popularised Indian culture in Brazil. Books about India started to pop up on the best-selling list, the number of travels to India by Brazilians tourists increased dramatically and restaurants and even nightclubs with Indian themes starting to open.{{Original research inline|date=March 2012}}

==Economic relations==
More recently, Brazil and India have co-operated in the [[multilateralism|multilateral]] level on issues such as international trade and development, environment, reform of the [[United Nations|UN]] and the [[Reform of the United Nations Security Council|UNSC expansion]].<ref>[http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/relations/political.htm Indian Embassy in Brazil: Bilateral Relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802045428/http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/relations/political.htm |date=2009-08-02 }}</ref> The two-way trade in 2007 nearly tripled to US$3.12 billion from US$1.2 billion in 2004.<ref>[http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/relations/ChartsUPDATE1.htm Indian Embassy in Brazil: Bilateral Trade Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430101829/http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/relations/ChartsUPDATE1.htm |date=2008-04-30 }}</ref> In 2016, trade between the two nations had increased to US$5.64 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/BRA/Year/LTST/TradeFlow/Export/Partner/by-country/Product/Total |title=Brazil Products Exports by country 2019 | WITS Data |publisher=Wits.worldbank.org |date= |accessdate=2022-04-12}}</ref>

Global software giant, [[Wipro Technologies]], also set up a [[business process outsourcing]] centre in [[Curitiba]] to provide shared services to [[AmBev]], the largest brewery in Latin America. AmBev's zonal vice president, Renato Nahas Batista, said "We are honoured to be a part of Wipro's expansion plans in Brazil and Latin America." AmBev's 1 portfolio includes leading brands like Brahma, Becks, Stella and Antarctica.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

==21st century relations==

===UNSC reform===
Both countries want the participation of developing countries in the [[United Nations Security Council|UNSC]] permanent membership since the underlying philosophy for both of them are: UNSC should be more democratic, legitimate and representative - the [[G4 nations|G4]] is a novel grouping for this realisation.<ref>von Freiesleben, Jonas.[http://www.centerforunreform.org/node/333) "Member States Discuss Security Council Reform Again: A Never-Ending Process?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310063101/http://centerforunreform.org/node/333) |date=2016-03-10 }} Centre for UN Reform, April 16, 2008, retrieved October 31, 2010</ref>

===South-South cooperation===
Brazil and India are involved in the [[IBSA Dialogue Forum|IBSA]] initiative.

The first ever IBSA Summit was held in Brasília in September 2006, followed by the Second IBSA Summit held in [[Pretoria]] in October 2007, with the third one held in [[New Delhi]] in October 2008. The [[2010 IBSA summit|fourth IBSA meet]] was again hosted in Brasília, just before the [[2010 BRIC summit|second BRIC summit]]. Four IBSA Trilateral Commission meetings were already held till 2007 since the first one was held in 2004 and had covered many areas such as science, technology, education, agriculture, energy, culture, health, social issues, public administration and revenue administration. The target of [[U.S. dollar|US]]$10 billion in trade was already achieved by 2007.

Both countries view this{{Clarify|date=May 2010}} as a tool of ''transformation diplomacy'' to bring economic growth, [[sustainable development]], poverty reduction and regional prosperity in the vast regions of [[Latin America]], [[Africa]] and [[Asia]]. The IBSA Fund for Alleviation of Poverty and Hunger has already provided funds for capacity building in [[East Timor]] and for the fight against [[HIV/AIDS]] in [[Burundi]] and has won the South-South Partnership Award at the 2006 [[UN Day]] event held in [[New York City]] on 19 December 2006.<ref>[http://www.indiaconsulate.org.br/arquivos/Bilateral%20Relations.pdf Consulate of India: Brazil & India bilateral relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528002247/http://www.indiaconsulate.org.br/arquivos/Bilateral%20Relations.pdf |date=2008-05-28 }}</ref>

=== Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 2014 trip ===
In July 2014, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Brazil for his first multilateral visit, the [[6th BRICS summit]] was held at the north-eastern beach city of [[Fortaleza]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/brics-summit-to-be-modi-s-first-multilateral-meet-114070700041_1.html |title=BRICS summit to be Modi's first multilateral meet |author=Press Trust Of India |work=[[Business Standard]]|date=7 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> In the Fortaleza summit the group have agreed to establish a financial institution rivaling the [[Western world|Western]]-dominated [[World Bank]] and [[IMF]], The bank would be named the [[New Development Bank]] as suggested by the Indian side but the contributing parties could not come to an agreement to base the bank's headquarters at [[New Delhi]]. Later the BRICS leader also attended an event in [[Brasilia]] where they met the [[UNASUR]] heads of government. At the same time, the Ministry of External Affairs added Spanish to its list of available languages, which the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' read as "indicative of the government's intent to go beyond Europe, Asia and the US to forge diplomatic and trade ties with Latin American nations."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-leave-for-brazil-tomorrow-for-brics-summit/article1-1239519.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713100114/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-leave-for-brazil-tomorrow-for-brics-summit/article1-1239519.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2014 |title=BRICS summit: PM Modi leaves for Brazil, also to meet Latin leaders |date= 12 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> He travelled there via Germany.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/modi-causes-interpreter-crisis-for-external-affairs-ministry-114071200902_1.html?_ga=1.143976821.1702752175.1400080839 |title=Modi causes interpreter crisis for external affairs ministry |date=12 July 2014 |author=Archis Mohan |work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref>

===Bolsonaro administration===
Relations between India and Brazil further improved after the election of [[Jair Bolsonaro]] as [[President of Brazil]] in October 2018. Bolsonaro's administration took similar sceptical stances to India on relations with [[China]], particularly with regards to the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name="araujo">{{cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=President Bolsonaro, PM Modi share views on the idea of a nation: Brazil Foreign Minister Ernesto Araújo|date=25 January 2020|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/president-bolsonaro-pm-modi-share-views-on-the-idea-of-a-nation-says-ernesto-araujo/article30646113.ece}}</ref>

This culminated in Bolsonaro attending the [[Delhi Republic Day parade]] as chief guest in January 2020, along with a delegation of Brazilian officials.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|title=Brazil's Bolsonaro honored during India's Republic Day|date=26 January 2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/brazils-bolsonaro-honored-during-indias-republic-day/a-52154290}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thekootneeti.in/2020/01/24/bolsonaros-india-visit-new-aspirations-in-india-brazil-relations/|title = Bolsonaro's Visit: New Aspirations in India-Brazil Relations|date = 24 January 2020}}</ref> During the visit, both Modi and members of the Brazilian delegation such as [[Ernesto Araújo]] and [[Eduardo Bolsonaro]] stressed the role of ideological ties in the growing relations between the countries, given the shared [[nationalist]] outlook of the countries’ respective leaders.<ref name="araujo"/><ref>{{cite news|work=[[Rede Globo]]|title=Índia dá lição de nacionalismo ao mundo, diz Ernesto Araújo|date=27 January 2020|url=https://epocanegocios.globo.com/Mundo/noticia/2020/01/india-da-licao-de-nacionalismo-ao-mundo-diz-ernesto-araujo.html}} </ref> Immediately prior to Bolsonaro's visit, the Brazilian Ambassador endorsed the Indian government's stance that the implementation of the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|2019 Citizenship (Amendment) Act]] and the [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] were internal issues for India.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Business Standard]]|title='Dynamic democracy' India will solve 'internal matter' CAA, Kashmir: Brazil|date=23 January 2020|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/caa-kashmir-internal-issues-of-india-dynamic-democracy-will-find-solutions-brazilian-envoy-120012301162_1.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==

* Malone, David M., C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan, eds. ''The Oxford handbook of Indian foreign policy'' (2015) [https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Handbook-Indian-Foreign-Policy/dp/0198799063/ excerpt] pp 524–538.

== External links ==
{{commons category|Relations of Brazil and India}}
* [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2608770 The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research] ''[[Wisconsin International Law Journal]]'', 13 May 2015
* [http://www.brazilembassy.in/ Embassy of Brazil in India]
* [http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/default.htm Embassy of India in Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415003451/http://www.indianembassy.org.br/eng/default.htm |date=2008-04-15 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080228050935/http://ibsa.nic.in/index.html IBSA Trilateral] India, Brazil South Africa Forum

{{Foreign relations of Brazil}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{BRICS}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazil-India Relations}}
[[Category:Brazil–India relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Brazil|India]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India]]

Brazil–India relations - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article