Brahmani River - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|River in Odisha, India}}		{{Short description\|River in Odisha, India}}
	{{For\|~~river~~ of same name ~~in Jharkhand and West Bengal~~\|Brahmani River (~~Birbhum~~)}}		{{For\|tributary of Dwarka in Ganga Basin with same name\|Brahmani River (Dwarka)}}
	{{Infobox river		{{Infobox river
	\| name = Brahmani River		\| name = Brahmani River
	\| ~~name_native~~ = ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ		\| native_name = {{native name\|or\|ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ}}
	\| ~~name_native_lang~~ =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| name_other =		\| name_other =
	\| name_etymology =		\| name_etymology =
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	\| pushpin_map_size =		\| pushpin_map_size =
	\| pushpin_map_caption=		\| pushpin_map_caption=
	<!~~--------------------~~-- LOCATION -->		<!-- LOCATION -->
	\| subdivision_type1 = Country		\| subdivision_type1 = Country
	\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]		\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
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	\| subdivision_name5 =		\| subdivision_name5 =
	<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->		<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
	\| length =		\| length = {{convert\|799\|km\|0\|abbr=on}}
	\| width_min =		\| width_min =
	\| width_avg =		\| width_avg =
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	\| progression =		\| progression =
	\| river_system =		\| river_system =
	\| ~~basin_size~~ = ~~{{convert\|~~39033~~\|km2\|abbr=on}}~~		\| basin_size_km2 = 39033
	\| tributaries_left =		\| tributaries_left = [[Kharasrota River]]
	\| tributaries_right =		\| tributaries_right =
	\| custom_label =		\| custom_label =
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	[[Image:Mahanadi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]]		[[Image:Mahanadi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]]

	The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River\|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River\|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district\|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district\|Deogarh]], [[Angul district\|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district\|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district\|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district\|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district\|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=2008-12-28 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713102321/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm \|archive-date=2019-07-13 \|url~~-status~~=~~dead~~ }}</ref> Together with the river [[Baitarani River\|Baitarani]], it forms a large delta before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Dhamra.		The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River\|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River\|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district\|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district\|Deogarh]], [[Angul district\|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district\|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district\|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district\|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district\|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm \|title=Brahmani River in India \|access-date=2008-12-28 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713102321/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm \|archive-date=2019-07-13 }}</ref> Also the South Koel can be considered as the upper reaches of the Brahmani.<ref>{{cite book \|author=V.K. Dadhwal \|display-authors=etal \|url=https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Brahmani%20and%20Baitarni%20Basin.pdf \|title=Brahmani and Baitarni Basin \|date=2014 \|publisher=Central Water Commission, National Remote Sensing Center \|page=12 \|version=Version 2.0}}</ref> Together with the river [[Baitarani River\|Baitarani]], Brahmani forms a large delta before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Dhamra. It is the second widest river in [[Odisha]] after [[Mahanadi]].

	==Sources==		==Sources==
	The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif</ref>		The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif\|title = Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 9, page 10 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library}}</ref>

	[[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png\|thumb\|right\|220px\|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]]		[[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png\|thumb\|right\|220px\|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]]

	After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It then flows through the ~~towns~~ of [[Talcher]] ~~and~~ [[Dhenkanal, India\|Dhenkanal]] before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of [[Jajpur]] Road beyond which it is crossed by [[National Highway 16]] and the [[Kolkata]]-[[Chennai]] mainline of [[East Coast Railway]]. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the [[Birupa]] (a distributary of the [[Mahanadi river\|Mahanadi]], Kelua and Genguti before ~~re joining~~ the main stream at Indupur. It then flows crisscrossing through [[Pattamundai]]. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the [[Dhamra river\|Dhamra estuary]]. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near [[Chandbali]] at [[Palmyras Point]]. The Brahmani delta is the site of the [[Bhitarkanika]] wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine [[crocodile]]s.<ref>http://wikimapia.org/#lat=20.5569383&lon=86.7305374&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2</ref>		After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It is then joined from the right by the Tikira (Tikra) and the Singadajore. It then flows through the town of [[Talcher]] before being joined from the right by the [[Nigra (Brahmani)\|Nigra]]. It flows past the town of [[Dhenkanal, India\|Dhenkanal]] before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of [[Jajpur]] Road beyond which it is crossed by [[National Highway 16]] and the [[Kolkata]]-[[Chennai]] mainline of [[East Coast Railway]]. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the [[Birupa]] (a distributary of the [[Mahanadi river\|Mahanadi]], Kelua and Genguti before rejoining the main stream at Indupur). It then flows crisscrossing through [[Pattamundai]]. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the [[Dhamra river\|Dhamra estuary]]. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near [[Chandbali]] at [[Palmyras Point]]. The Brahmani delta is the site of the [[Bhitarkanika]] wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine [[crocodile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://wikimapia.org/#lat=20.5569383&lon=86.7305374&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2\|title = Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Odisha Rivers Profile \|date=20 May 2017 \|publisher=South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP) \|url=https://sandrp.in/2017/05/20/odisha-rivers-profile/ }}</ref>

	[[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg\|thumb\|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]]		[[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg\|thumb\|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]]

	==Length and catchment==		==Length and catchment==
	At about {{convert\|480\|km\|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river\|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included its length extends to about {{convert\|799\|km\|mi}}, of which {{convert\|541\|km\|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert\|39033\|km2\|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River</ref>		At about {{convert\|480\|km\|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river\|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included, its length extends to about {{convert\|799\|km\|mi}}, of which {{convert\|541\|km\|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert\|39033\|km2\|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia\|title = Brahmani River \|encyclopedia=Britannica \|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River}}</ref>

	==Irrigation projects==		==Irrigation projects==
	Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)\|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta\|mouth]], the river is also ~~crossed by~~ the Odisha Coast Canal ~~that takes water from it~~.<ref>[[:~~File:Mahanadi~~.~~jpg]]~~</ref>		[[File:Mahanadi.jpg\|thumb\|Map of the Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers]]
			Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)\|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta\|mouth]], the river is also integrated with the Odisha Coast Canal of the East Coast Canal.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=National Waterways in Odisha: a new wave of Ecological Destruction \|publisher=Manthan Adhyayan Kendra \|location=[[Barwani\|Badwani, Madhya Pradesh]] \|url=https://www.manthan-india.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Waterways-English.pdf }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]		[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]
	[[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]]		[[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]]
	~~[[Category:Rivers of India]]~~

>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by Debashis Debata 39 (talk) to last revision by Tom.Reding: not adhering to manual of style

2021-06-19T02:37:47Z

Reverted edits by Debashis Debata 39 (talk) to last revision by Tom.Reding: not adhering to manual of style

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{{Short description|River in Odisha, India}}
{{For|river of same name in Jharkhand and West Bengal|Brahmani River (Birbhum)}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Brahmani River
| name_native = ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = Confluence of [[South Koel River]] and [[Sankh River]]
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|22|14|45|N|84|47|02|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|39033|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
[[File:Aerial satellite imagery of Brahmani delta, mangrove and beach ridges.JPG|thumb|Aerial satellite imagery of Brahmani delta, mangrove and beach ridges]]
[[Image:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]]

The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]], [[Angul district|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713102321/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |archive-date=2019-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Together with the river [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]], it forms a large delta before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Dhamra.

==Sources==
The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif</ref>

[[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png|thumb|right|220px|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]]

After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It then flows through the towns of [[Talcher]] and [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]] before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of [[Jajpur]] Road beyond which it is crossed by [[National Highway 16]] and the [[Kolkata]]-[[Chennai]] mainline of [[East Coast Railway]]. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the [[Birupa]] (a distributary of the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]], Kelua and Genguti before re joining the main stream at Indupur. It then flows crisscrossing through [[Pattamundai]]. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the [[Dhamra river|Dhamra estuary]]. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near [[Chandbali]] at [[Palmyras Point]]. The Brahmani delta is the site of the [[Bhitarkanika]] wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine [[crocodile]]s.<ref>http://wikimapia.org/#lat=20.5569383&lon=86.7305374&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2</ref>

[[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg|thumb|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]]

==Length and catchment==
At about {{convert|480|km|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included its length extends to about {{convert|799|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|541|km|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert|39033|km2|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River</ref>

==Irrigation projects==
Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta|mouth]], the river is also crossed by the Odisha Coast Canal that takes water from it.<ref>[[:File:Mahanadi.jpg]]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Odisha}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]