>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 14 templates: hyphenate params (13×);

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Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 14 templates: hyphenate params (13×);

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{{short description|Term}}
{{about|a demonym for the Bengalis of [[West Bengal]]||Bong (disambiguation)}}

'''Bong''' is a [[neologism]] that originated in cosmopolitan India in the 1980s as a slightly pejorative [[Exonym and endonym|exonym]] for the educated middle-class Bengalis from the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. In the 21st century, the term became a self-appellation of pride through the use of satire and self-reflexive irony by the Bengali blogging community, which came to stand for the [[Bengalis]] as a whole. Bong has been noted as a word of [[Indian English]], used in the Indian newspapers.

== Origin ==
In the 1970s, the term was in the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] to denote the people from [[West Bengal]]. The usage of Bong as an ethnic quip has been noted in the [[India Today]] in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ethnic-quips-become-popular-as-indians-learn-to-make-fun-of-themselves/1/323834.html|title=Indiana jokes|last1=Rajghatta|first1=Chidan|last2=Tripathi|first2=Salil|date=31 August 1989|work=India Today|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> Sociologist Prasanta Roy has noted that the word was used in [[New Delhi]] in the 1990s.<ref name="tt28102007">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071028/asp/calcutta/story_8479891.asp|title=The dinner Bong|last1=Banerjee|first1=Malini|last2=Kohli|first2=Diya|date=28 October 2007|work=The Telegraph|publisher=ABP Group|access-date=4 February 2017|location=Kolkata}}</ref> According to lexicographer Ashoke Mukhopadhyay, Bong is a distortion of the word Bengali that originated among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRIs]].<ref name="tt28102007"/> Writer [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]] believed that the term originated either in the [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]] or some other pan-Indian educational institutes.<ref name="tt28102007"/> According to a 1999 report in [[The Indian Express]], the gradual extinction of Bengali language and culture and the growing cosmopolitanism in Kolkata have resulted in Bengalis called Bongs by the non-Bengalis.<ref name="ie01071999">{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/106923/|title=Bongs? No, we're Bengalis from Kolkata|last=Chakrabarti|first=Ashis|date=1 July 1999|work=The Indian Express|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> According to blogger [[Arnab Ray]], the Bengalis were traditionally reluctant to leave [[West Bengal]] for livelihood. However, in the 1980s, the political scenario changed in West Bengal and the Bengalis were forced to leave the state in search of better career options. This led to the development of Bong identity, which is characterized by their emotional attachment towards [[West Bengal]] and at the same time well integrated with the cosmopolitan environment of [[India]] and abroad.<ref name="tt28102007"/>

== Usage ==
The Anglo-Indian community uses the term as an ethnic slur for the Bengalis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sudarshana |title=Anglo-Indian Women in Transition: Pride, Prejudice and Predicament |date=3 August 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789811046544 |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ4vDwAAQBAJ |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> Lexicographer Ashoke Mukhopadhyay believes that the term is slightly pejorative. It has a similar pejorative term as the Hindi term 'Bongali babu' (literally meaning educated Bengali gentleman).<ref name="tt28102007"/> According to sociologist Prasanta Roy, the term conveys hostility, prejudice, political and intellectual dislike.<ref name="tt28102007"/> [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]] believed that the term was used to tease the Bengalis, who themselves harboured chauvinistic attitude towards others.<ref name="tt28102007"/> According to the 1999 report in [[The Indian Express]], the Bengalis disliked the term.<ref name="ie01071999"/>

In the 21st century, the use of Bong has gained currency among the young generation of [[West Bengal]].<ref name="purkayastha">{{cite book|last=Purkayastha|first=Prarthana|title=Indian Modern Dance, Feminism and Transnationalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMKpBQAAQBAJ|access-date=4 February 2017|date=29 October 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn= 9781137375179|pages=12–13}}</ref> Bengali bloggers re-invented their social identity as Bongs.<ref name="sarkar2012">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Sucharita|title=Blogging across Borders – Memories, Recipes and Identity in the Diaspora|url=https://www.academia.edu/5108171|access-date=4 February 2017|series=Problematics on Ethnicity, Identity and Literature|volume=Pre-Conference Proceeding Volume|year=2012|publisher=SPS Education|isbn=978-81-924140-5-8|pages=851–858}}</ref> Through satire they have turned the derisive term as a marker of their own ethnic identity.<ref name="sarkar2012"/> Filmmaker [[Anjan Dutt]] believes that Bengalis are okay with calling themselves Bongs.<ref name="tt28102007"/> He used the term Bong instead of Bengali for the title of his 2006 film [[The Bong Connection]] because it was something that can be used with jest just like [[Yankee|Yank]]. According to him terms like Bong or Yank stand for certain quirks and attributes of the person coming from a particular region.<ref name="tt28102007"/> According to [[New Delhi]]-based writer Samit Basu, the people who identify themselves as Bong should fight against the age-old stereotypes of the Bengalis.<ref name="tt28102007"/> Bengalis had become proud to be known as Bong, as it was no longer an offensive parochial label.<ref name="tt28102007"/>

Bong is generally perceived to stand for the global cosmopolitan Bengali.<ref name="tt28102007"/> Blogger [[Arnab Ray]] believes that Bong stands for the globalized Bengali.<ref name="tt28102007"/> According to a Bengali civil servant who blogs as Sadoldbong, Bong stands for the Bengali in exile.<ref name="sarkar2012"/> However, according to [[Anjan Dutt]], there is no cultural or generation gap between the Bong and the Bengali identity. Blogger Sandeepa Mukherjee Datta who blogs as Bong Mom in Bong Mom's Cook Book describes Bong as an identity limited to the Bengali people of West Bengal.<ref name="sarkar2012"/> Durga Puja has been described as a Bong festival.<ref name="tt28102007"/> The prohibition on eating the seasonal [[Ziziphus mauritiana|Indian plum]] before the [[Saraswati Puja]] has been referred to as Bong cultural heritage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maamatimanush.tv/articles.php?aid=1125|title=Saraswati Puja – The Bengali tradition|last=Niyogi|first=Agnivo|date=13 February 2016|work=Maa Mati Manush|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205095512/http://www.maamatimanush.tv/articles.php?aid=1125|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Derivatives ==
Bong is listed as a notable word in [[Indian English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://learningindia.in/references/indian-english-dictionary/|title=Indian English Dictionary and Indianisms|last=Miller|first=Neil A.|work=Learning India|publisher=Madras Media Marketing|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> Contemporary Indian English uses several words that are derived from Bong. Examples include Bongdom (Bengali domination), Bongness (attachment to Bengali culture), Bonglish<ref>{{cite book|editor=Julie Coleman|title=Global English Slang: Methodologies and Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qbbCgAAQBAJ|date=10 January 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317934769|page=130}}</ref> (pidgin Indian English consisting of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] loanwords), hon-Bong<ref>{{cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIKM/2011/08/26&ID=Ar01602|title=Why West Bengal is becoming Paschimbanga|last=Suraiya|first=Jug|date=26 August 2011|work=Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> (abbreviation for honorary Bong, a person who is not a Bong, but can be considered a Bong by virtue of his/her acquaintance and closeness to Bongs and Bong culture).<ref>{{cite book|last=Parhi|first=Asima Ranjan|title=Indian English Through Newspapers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pPLnk1RyHEC|access-date=4 February 2017|year=2008|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=161–162|isbn=9788180695070}}</ref>

== Stereotypes ==
The Bengali as Bongs are often stereotyped especially in [[Bollywood]] and the [[Internet]]. A popular Internet joke goes like this. One Bengali is a poet, two Bengalis are a film society, three Bengalis are a political party and four Bengalis are two political parties!<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Diptakirti|title=Kitnay Aadmi Thay|url=https://archive.org/details/kitnayaadmithayc0000chau|url-access=registration|access-date=1 August 2017|year=2012|publisher=Westland|isbn=9789381626191}}</ref> One common stereotype is that Bongs are invariably fish eaters and often referred to as ''Machher Jhol'', literally meaning fish curry in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_EDU&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIM/2012/06/11&ID=Ar02102|title=Stereotyping could now mean a jail term!|last=D'Costa|first=Melissa|date=11 June 2012|work=The Times of India|publisher=Benett Coleman & Co.|access-date=1 August 2017|location=Mumbai}}</ref> Bengali women are stereotyped as having big round eyes. Filmmaker [[Jag Mundhra]] believed that Bengali women have big round eyes.<ref name="The ABP Group">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Amit |title=Bengali women have nice, big eyes and luscious hair |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/bengali-women-have-nice-big-eyes-and-luscious-hair/cid/612332 |access-date=4 April 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=10 February 2008}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bongal]]
* [[Madrassi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Neologisms]]
[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Stereotypes]]
[[Category:Indian English]]
[[Category:West Bengal]]
[[Category:Regional nicknames]]

Bong (term) - Revision history

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 14 templates: hyphenate params (13×);