Robbub: typo fix

2026-02-12T00:45:48Z

typo fix

>LKNTHD at 13:32, 6 July 2021

2021-07-06T13:32:03Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bolpur
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Bolpur-Santiniketan Road - Shyambati - Birbhum 2014-06-29 5476.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Bolpur-Santiniketan Road
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|23.67|N|87.72|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Subdivision
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum District|Birbhum]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bolpur subdivision]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = {{bulleted list|Bolpur Municipality|Sriniketan Santiniketan Development Authority (SSDA)}}
| leader_title1 = Chairwoman
| leader_name1 = Parna Ghosh
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='Bolpur Info'>{{cite web|title=Department of Urban Development & Municipal Affairs / Bolpur Municipality|url=https://www.wburbanservices.gov.in/|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 35.94
| area_metro_km2 = 106.28
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/MUNI_SSDA.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 58
| population_total = 112591
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name='Bolpur Info'/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Bolpurbashi or Santiniketanbashi
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 731204 (Bolpur) 731235 (Santiniketan) 731236 (Sriniketan)
| area_code = 03463 (Bolpur Telephone Exchange)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber Trunk Dialling|STD]] code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| registration_plate = Bolpur ARTO {{bulleted list|WB-47 (commercial vehicles)|WB-48 (private vehicles)}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = Railway Station(s)
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] (BHP) [[Prantik railway station]] (PNE)
| website = {{URL|bolpur-santiniketan.com}} {{URL|bolpurmunicipality.org}} {{URL|santiniketan.com}}
| footnotes =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = • [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Asit Kumar Mal]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]], [[Nanoor (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nanoor]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = • [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = Chandranath Singha
}}

'''Bolpur''' is a [[city]] and a [[municipality]] in [[Birbhum district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Bolpur subdivision]]. Bolpur municipal area includes [[Shantiniketan]]. The city is known as a [[Cultural]] and [[Educational]] hub of the [[Birbhum district]]. The [[city]] is under the [[Jurisdiction]] of Bolpur [[Police station]]. Bolpur is the most populous [[city]] in [[Birbhum district]]. Located on the banks of [[Ajay River]], Bolpur has been a major Human settlement. It is 150 km north of [[Kolkata]] and is famous for [[Visva Bharati]], the [[University]] set up by the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] laureate poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]].

==Etymology==
There is a mythical story that says that [[Supur, Birbhum|Supur]] was the capital of [[Surath|Raja Surath]]. He lost his kingdom when he had gone out for conquests, but regained the same with the blessings of goddess [[Bhavani]]. In his worship of gratitude, Raja Surath organised the sacrificial slaughtering of one [[lakh]] goats. As a result, the name of place where the sacrificial offerings were made became ‘Bolipur’ – with time it became Bolpur.<ref>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, page 298, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata</ref>

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}
About 150 years ago, Bolpur was a small village under Supur Porgana. Kalikapur a known place of Bolpur was the origin of the typical village in past. There were no rail lines, no developed roads. Paddy land were seen around the village. "Lalmati" (red soil) was found everywhere. Many villages named Sian, Dihipara, Khoskadampur, Paruldanga, Goalpara, Ballavpur, Bandhgara, Surul, Supur, Raipur were the boundary line around Bolpur.

East India company established the first railway line in 1859, when the Sahebganj loopline was extended beyond the river Ajay. Bolpur railway station was established in 1860. Along with this, court, police station, sub registry office, etc., were established in old Bolpur. Then people started residing here. Christian missionaries came; they founded a church that was known as Mission compound. Paddy storage house, stationary shops, grocery shops, garment shops etc. were on the east side near Bolpur railway station. About 19 husking machines were here at that time.

Maharshi [[Debendranath Tagore]] established a centre of religious mediation in Bolpur. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] established Visva Bharati Viswavidyalaya in [[1921]]. These were the main reasons for the huge extension, development and popularity of Bolpur.

Provincial names proved the upcoming gradual development of Bolpur. Kachharipatti is just beside court house, Trishulapatti is the commercial paddy trading centre. Kalibaroarytala was the service place for Bolpur set up by some initiative people. Netaji made a conference. Here Harisava stood against "Bramhopasana". Every week these two conferences were held in Bolpur. Bijaykrishna Ghoswami, Shivnath Shastri, Shasibhusan Basu like many wisemen gave religious advice. Beside this, prayer committee was set up.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=700| height=500| zoom=13
| coord={{coord|23|39|50|N|87|40|10|E}}| float=right|caption='''Bolpur Santiniketan''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, U: University. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23.6535274|N|87.6983267|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Bolpur Court | numbered1=F| mark-title1= Bolpur Court (F)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23.6630438|N|87.6993265|E}} | label-pos2=Right|label2=Bolpur Municipality | numbered2=F| mark-title2= Bolpur Municipality (F)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23.6664078|N|87.6842327|E}} | label-pos3=Right|label3=Bolpur SDO office | numbered3=F| mark-title3= Bolpur SDO office (F)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23.6656144|N|87.6835085|E}} | label-pos4=Left|label4=SSDA Bolpur | numbered4=F| mark-title4= SSDA Bolpur (F)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|16|N|87|41|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bolpur | numbered5=M| mark-title5= Bolpur (M)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Shantiniketan| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Shantiniketan]] (R)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|0|N|87|51|36|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Nanoor| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nanoor]] (R)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|30|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sriniketan| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sriniketan]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|47|N|87|52|40|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Kirnahar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kirnahar]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|12|N|87|38|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Raipur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Raipur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|36|39|N|87|53|49|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Khujutipara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Khujutipara]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|38|N|87|32|11|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khustigiri| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Khustigiri]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23.69552|N|87.69407|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Prantik Railway Station| numbered13=🚇| mark-title13= [[Prantik Railway Station]] |shape-color13=
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|53|N|87|43|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Kankalitala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kankalitala]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|40|25|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Visva-Bharati University| numbered15=U| mark-title15= [[Visva-Bharati University]] (U) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.8882|87.7549}}| label16=Mayurakshi River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= 16| label-pos16=right| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.7998|87.7254}}| label17=Bakreshwar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=7| label-pos17=top| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.7546|87.7528}}| label18=Kopai River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=-45| label-pos18=top| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23.5809|87.7668}}| label19=Ajay River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=20| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Bolpur is located at {{coord|23.67|N|87.72|E|display=inline}}.

As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Bolpur covered an area of {{cvt|13.13|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1025- 1033 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 16 July 2019}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

In the map of Bolpur-Sriniketan CD block on page 718 of [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf District Census Handbook Birbhum (Part A)], while the area covered by [[Shantiniketan]] is shown as a part of Bolpur, [[Sriniketan]] is shown as a part of [[Surul]], a [[census town]].

===Police station===
Bolpur police station has jurisdiction over [[Bolpur Sriniketan]] community development block.<ref name=handbook2008>{{cite web| url = http://birbhum.nic.in/dept/BAES_DIST_STAT_BK_2008.pdf |title = District Statistical Handbook 2008, Birbhum |work = Table 2.1 | publisher= Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://birbhumpolice.org/policestation.php | title = Birbhum Police | work = Police Stations | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 30 January 2018 | archive-date = 12 February 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180212131641/http://birbhumpolice.org/policestation.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Climate==
The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 10-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season). Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded is 5.0 °C, on 15 January 2003 (see the weather box below). The annual average temperature is 26.2 °C. About 1480mm of rain falls per year, with 76 days seeing the rain.
The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]].
{{Shantiniketan weatherbox}}

==Demography==
{{IndiaCensusPop
|title= Population of Bolpur
|state=
|1901=
|1911=
|1921=
|1931=
|1941=13856
|1951=14802
|1961=23355
|1971=29696
|1981=38436
|1991=52760
|2001=65693
|2011=80210
|footnote=Source: District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A }}
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Bolpur had a total population of 80,210, of which 40,468 (50%) were males and 39,742 (50%) were females. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 6,852. The total number of literates in Bolpur was 63,656 (86.77% of the population 7 years and over).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref>

===Religion===
According to Census of India 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in Bolpur, followed by 89.77% of the population. It is followed by Islam with 9.68% adherents. Other religions like Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community - Bolpur |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bolpur<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|orange|89.77}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|green|9.68}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.55}}
}}

==Civic administration==
Bolpur municipality is divided into 20 wards. Until 2010, the [[Indian National Congress]] was in power in it. In the 2010 municipal elections, the municipality faced a hung verdict. Later, the [[Trinamool Congress]] with nine councillors, formed the board by taking the support of eight Congress councillors. This board officially ended its term on 2020, but due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]], municipal election is on hold for this municipality. An Interim Administrative board is on charge of Bolpur municipality, Parna Ghosh is the current Chairwoman of the municipal board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=সংবাদদাতা|first=নিজস্ব|title=বোলপুর পুরসভার প্রশাসক পদে রদবদল, সুশান্তের জায়গায় আনা হল পর্ণাকে|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/parna-ghosh-appointed-as-administrator-of-bolpur-municipality-dgtld/cid/1280913|access-date=2021-05-17|website=www.anandabazar.com}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}

===Railways===
[[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] (BHP) is the major railway station under Howrah Division of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] (ER). The station is well connected to the major cities, specially state capital [[Kolkata]]. Apart from West Bengal, the station connected to cities of other states like [[Guwahati]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Agartala]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Mumbai]].

Another railway station in the city is [[Prantik railway station]] (PNE) which is the next station of Bolpur Shantiniketan. Some local passenger and express trains give a stop in this station.

===Roadways===
Bolpur is connected to all important cities by roadways. [[National Highway 114]] (old numbering NH 2B) pass through Bolpur. The highway runs from [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] (old numbering NH 60) at Mallarpur to [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2) at Burdwan. This highway connects Bolpur with [[Burdwan]] (60 km) and [[Kolkata]] (160 km). [[SH 14]] or [[Panagarh–Morgram Highway|Morgram - Panagarh highway]] passes through 15 km away from Bolpur at [[Ilambazar|Illambazar]], and junction with [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] at [[Panagarh]] (40 km). This route connects Bolpur with [[Durgapur]] (54 km), [[Asansol]] (97 km), [[Maithon]] (120 km) and [[Dhanbad]] (160 km). Bolpur-Suri road connects Bolpur with district headquarter [[Suri, Birbhum,|Suri]] (35 km) and the road cross [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] at Suri. After crossing, the road goes towards [[Massanjore Dam|Massanjore]] (70 km), [[Dumka]] (98 km), [[Deoghar]] (165 km). Distance from Bolpur to [[Berhampore]] via [[Nanoor]] is 100 km, and [[Katwa]] via [[Nutanhat]] is 54 km.

Bolpur is connected through [[West Bengal Transport Corporation|WBTC]], [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation|SBSTC]] and private bus services. Private cab services are also available.

===Airways===
Bolpur has no airport of its own. The nearest airport from Bolpur is [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport]] located 70 km away in [[Andal]], [[Durgapur]]. The nearest international airport is [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]] (CCU) located 160 km away in [[Dum Dum]] (Kolkata).

==Education==
===Universities and Colleges===
====Universities====
* [[Visva-Bharati University]]
* [[Seacom Skills University]]
*[[Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay]]

====General Colleges====
* [[Bolpur College]]
* [[Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College|Purni Devi Chaudhuri Girls' College (PDCGC)]]

====Engineering / Management / Polytechnic====
* [[Bengal Institute of Technology & Management|Bengal Institute of Technology & Management (B.I.T.M Santiniketan)]]
* [[Santiniketan Institute of Polytechnic (S.I.P Bolpur)]]

====Law Colleges====
* [[Bengal Law College]]

===Schools===
====Visva Bharati affiliated Schools====
* [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]]
* [[Siksha Satra]]

====Residential Schools====
* [[Ekalavya Model Residential School]] (EMRS)

====Boarding Schools====
* [[North Point Senior Secondary Boarding School]]

====Private Schools====
* [[Techno India Group Public School]] (TIGPS)
* [[St. Teresa's Secondary School]]
* [[Ryan International School]]
* [[Nava Nalanda High School]]

====Central Government Schools====
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]

====State Government Schools====
* [[Bolpur High School]]
* [[Bolpur Girls' High School]]
* [[Bolpur N.N.B. High School]]
* [[Vivekananda High School]]

==Healthcare==
Bolpur Subdivisional Hospital has 125 beds.<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 9 February 2018 }}</ref> Bolpur Block Primary Health Centre at Bolpur, serving [[Bolpur Sriniketan]] community development block, has 60 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref>

Glocal Healthcare Systems Pvt Ltd has started a private facility in 2010 just beside subdivisional hospital, it has 72 beds.

==Wildlife sanctuary==
• [[Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary]] & Deer Park (Santiniketan)

==Notable people==
{{Main|Notable people associated with Santiniketan}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041219/asp/calcutta/story_4148675.asp Around Bolpur] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 19 December 2004
* [http://www.santiniketan.com/ From Bolpur to Santiniketan]
* [https://www.santiniketantravelguide.com/ Santiniketan travel guide]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Santiniketan}}

{{Birbhum District}}
{{Birbhum topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]]

Bolpur - Revision history

Robbub: typo fix

>LKNTHD at 13:32, 6 July 2021