>Homogenie: /* Ethnic groups */

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Ethnic groups

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{{short description|Ethnic group in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{About|group of ethnic peoples|the specific ethnic group|Boro people}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Bodo-Kachari Peoples
| native_name = Kachari
| image = File:Kherai Dance of Assam.jpg
| image_caption = Boro Kherai Dance
| population = [[Circa|c.]] '''12–14 million'''
| region1 = [[Assam]]
| pop1 = n/a
| region2 = [[Tripura]]
| pop2 = n/a
| region3 = [[Meghalaya]]
| pop3 = n/a
| region4 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| pop4 = n/a
| rels = '''Majority {{hlist|[[Hinduism]]|[[Christianity]]}}
'''Native''' {{hlist| [[Bathouism|Ba-Thou]]}}
| related = {{hlist|[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] groups, [[Naga people|Naga]], [[Kachin peoples|Kachin]]}}
| native_name_lang =
| languages = [[Bodo-Garo languages]], [[Assamese language]]
}}
{{Culture of Assam}}
[[File:Map of the Languages and Dialects of the Bârâ or Bodo Group of the Tibeto-Burman Family (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The Boro-Garo languages, as reported in the Language Survey of India 1903]]
[[File:Bodo-Kachari 2.jpg|thumb|right|Boro tribe-women at Hornbill Festival]]
'''Bodo-Kacharis''' (also '''Kacharis''' or '''Bodos''')<ref name="jacobnote"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bodo {{!}} people|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bodo-people|access-date=2020-11-03|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> are an anthropological<ref name="Bathari-14-Bodos"></ref> and a linguistic<ref name="Shin-20-Bodos"></ref> group of [[ethnic group]]s living predominantly in the [[Northeast India]]n states of [[Assam]], [[Tripura]] and [[Meghalaya]], that speak [[Boro-Garo languages|Boro-Garo]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] languages—some of who possibly have shared ancestries. Many of these peoples formed [[State_formation#Early_state_formation|early state]]s in the late Medieval era of Indian history ([[Chutia kingdom]], [[Dimasa kingdom]], [[Koch dynasty]], [[Twipra kingdom]]) and came under varying degrees of [[Sanskritisation]].

It has been suggested by different linguists that the ''proto''-Boro-Garo language was a lingua franca of the region to which non-native speakers had [[language shift|shifted]].<ref>"Briefly, I propose, following a suggestion by Burling (2007), that the Proto-Bodo-Garo first as a lingua franca used for communication across the various linguistic communicates of the region and its striking simplicity and transparency reflect a period when it was widely spoken by communities for whom it was not a native language." {{harvcol|DeLancey|2012|p=3}}</ref> Among these ethnic groups, [[Garo people|Garo]], [[Rabha people|Rabha]], [[Tiwa (Lalung)]] and some [[Koch people|Koch]] peoples might have been either influenced by Austroasiatic cultures, or were themselves originally [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic speakers]].<ref>"The Garo, the Rabha and at least some of the Koch are, like the Khasi, matrilineal and uxorilocal. These features are not attested elsewhere in populations speaking Tibeto-Burman languages. These cultural features are best explained either by the deep and long influence of Khasi people on those Garo, Rabha, and Koch (all people now living around Meghalaya), or by the event of language shift, if we suppose that at least some of these people had Khasi ancestors. They would have abandoned their earlier Mon-Khmer languages because of the influential new TibetoBurman-speaking neighbours, but would have retained some important features of their social organization." {{harvcol|Jaquesson|2017|p=99}}</ref> [[Boro language (India)|Boro language]], one of the languages in the Boro-Garo group, has been recognised as an eighth scheduled Indian language in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Govt. of India|first1=Ministry of Home Affairs|title=Eight Schedules|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf|website=mha.nic.in|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010536/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The speakers of Tibeto-Burman are considered to have reached the Brahmaputra valley via Tibet and settled in the foothills of the eastern Himalayan range which includes the whole of Assam, Tripura, North Bengal and parts of Bangladesh. The belief that Bodo-Kacharis were early settlers of the river valleys is taken from the fact that most of the rivers in the Brahmaputra valley today carry Tibeto-Burman names—Dibang, Dihang, Dikhou, Dihing, Doiyang, Doigrung etc.—where ''Di/Doi-'' means water in [[Boroic languages]].<ref>" Ti- or di- (“water”) is a common affix used by Tibeto-Burman languages to designate rivers."{{harvcol|Ramirez|2014|p=4}}</ref>

Some of the groups, such as Moran and Saraniya consider themselves as Hindus under [[Ekasarana Dharma]]. With the exception of the Garo, which is still a matrilineal society, the other groups do not follow rules of matrilineal society.

The Mech in Western Assam, the Boro in central Assam; the Dimasa in Dima Hasao District (DHD) formerly North Cachar Hills, Cachar district and Nagaland state and the Sonowal and Thengal in the eastern part of the Brahmaputra now represent the Kachari.

==Etymologies==
===Bodo===
The term ''Bodo'' finds its first mention in the book by [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Hodgson]] in 1847, as a term of self-designation of the ''Mech'' /''Kachari([[Boro people|Boro]])'' peoples.<ref>{{harvcol|Bathari|2014|p=15}} The term Bodo finds its textual space first time in the book by Brian Hodgson, who wrote about a section of Tibeto-Burman speech group claiming themselves as Bodo.</ref><ref>"As (Hodgson) admits in the end, his way of seeing the “Bodos” is twofold: he starts by using “Bodo” to designate a wide range of people (“a numerous race”), then wonders if some others are not “Bodos in disguise”. He ends on a cautionary note and refrains from unmasking the dubious tribes, registering only the Mechs and Kacharis,..." {{harvcol|Jaquesson|2008|p=21}}</ref> [[George Abraham Grierson|Grierson]] took this term ''Bodo'' to denote a section of the Assam-Burma group of the [[Tibeto-Burman]] languages of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] family,{{sfn|Choudhury|2007|p=1}} which included the languages of (1) Mech; (2) Rabha; (3) Lalung (Tiwa); (4) Dimasa (Hills Kachari); (5) Garo (6) Tiprasa and (7) Chutiya.{{sfn|Grierson|1903|p=2}} In modern usage, the umbrella-term Bodo is more anthropological and linguistic in its usage.<ref name="Bathari-14-Bodos">"[I]t seems that the term Bodo is used particularly to denote sections of people having an agnatic relationship in terms of speech practices and a strong sense of shared ancestry. This term the Bodo is more anthropological in its usage." {{harvcol|Bathari|2014|p=14}}</ref> Modern historian Jae-Eun Shin use the Bodo as a linguistic group to include cognate groups.<ref name="Shin-20-Bodos">{{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=51}}...the Bodos, a linguistic group of the Brahmaputra valley, speaking a Tibeto-Burman language and having different cognate groups within them</ref> This umbrella-group includes such sub-groups as Mech in Bengal and Nepal; Boros,<ref>Chaterji uses Bodo for both the umbrella group as well as the Boro: "the Bodo speeches- Bodo, Moran,Mech, Rabha, Garo, Kachari and Tipra and a few more" {{harvcol|Chaterji|1974|p=23}}</ref> Dimasa, Chutia, Sonowal, Moran , Rabha, Tiwa in Assam, and the Kokborok people in Tripura and Bangladesh.<ref>{{harvcol|Bathari|2014|p=14}}</ref><ref name="jacobnote">"The term Bodo is also used to denote a large number of tribes-the Garos of Meghalaya, Tippera of Tripura, and Boro Kachari, Koch, Rabha, Lalung, Dimasa, Hajong, Chutia, Deuri, and Moran of Assam and other parts of the Northeast. (M N Brahma, "The Bodo-Kacharis of Assam---A brief Introduction" in ''Bulletin of the Tribal Research Institute'' [Gauhati], 1:1 [1983], p.52)" {{harv|George|1994|p=878f}}</ref> This is in contrast to popular and socio-political usage, where Bodo denotes the politically dominant sub-group—the ''Boros''—in the [[Bodoland|Bodoland Territorial Autonomous Districts]].<ref>"In present-day socio-political terminology, the Bodo means the plains tribes of the Brahmaputra Valley known earlier as Bodo-Kachari." {{harv|Choudhury|2007|p=1}}</ref><ref>"The media at the regional and national level; officials at the Centre and the state political parties of all hues and the people, in general, have accepted what may be termed as a contraction of the original denotion." {{harv|Choudhury|2007|p=1}}</ref> In general, the ''Boros'' or ''Bodo people'' means [[Boro people]] and scholars use the term Bodo to name the linguistic and anthropological group.

The term ''Bodo'' generally stands for ''man'' in some of the cognate languages (Boro:''Boro''; Tripuri:''Borok'') but not in others (Garo:''Mande''; Karbi:''Arlen'').<ref>"One section of the same stock, Garo, a Tribe called themselves “Mande” means Man: another word Arleng (Karbi) is popularly used among Karbis, which literally means Man." {{harvcol|Brahma|2008|pp=1–2}}</ref> According to historians, the word "Bodo" is derived from the Tibetan ''Hbrogpa''.<ref>"The inception of the term 'Boro' may be traced from a Tibetan word 'Hbrogpa' an inhabitant of steppes belongs to Mongolean race." {{harvcol|Brahma|2008|p=2}}</ref>

The umbrella name "Bodo" is resisted by numerically smaller groups such as the Dimasas.<ref>This has been viewed with contempt by several sections of the groups as a design by the Boros to establish their pre-dominance over numerically and otherwise weaker sections of the group. Most of the resistance has come from the Dimasas, who often accuse the Boros of appropriating the history and language of the Dimasas.{{harv|Bathari|2014|p=14-15}}</ref>

===Kachari===
On the other hand, the term ''Kachari'' has been used through much of history to denote the same people.<ref>"On the other hand, for the larger part of history, this group of people is referred to as Kacharis." {{harvcol|Bathari|2014|p=14}}</ref> One of the earliest usage can be found in the 16-th century [[Assamese language]] [[Bhagavat of Sankardev|Bhagavata]].<ref>Srimandbhagavat, skandha 2, H Dattabaruah and Co., Nalbari, pp-38: ''kiraTa kachhaari khaachi gaaro miri'' / ''yavana ka~Nka govaala'' /</ref>
Kachari is pronounced as Kachhāri or Kossāri. The origin of the name is most likely a self-designation ''korosa aris'' that is found in a very old Kachari song:<ref>{{harvcol|Mosahary|1983|p=47}}</ref>
<poem>
''Pra Ari, Korasa Ari''
''Jong pari lari lari''
(We are Korosa Aris, first-born sea race
Our line is continuous)
</poem>

==Ethnic groups==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ The Bodo-Kachari ethnic groups
|-
! Group !! Primary language !! Primary Domain
|-
| [[Boro people|Boro]] || [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] || Assam (especially [[BTAD]]), Meghalaya, West Bengal and Bhutan (in some parts).
|-
| [[Chutia people|Chutia]] || [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || Upper Assam
|-
| [[Deori people|Deori]] || [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Deori language|Deori]] || Upper Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
|-
| [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]] || [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]] || Central Assam, Nagaland, Manipur
|-
| [[Garo people|Garo]] || [[Garo language|Garo]] || Lower Assam, [[Meghalaya]]
|-
| [[Hajong people|Hajong]] || [[Hajong language|Hajong]] || Lower Assam, Meghalaya and Bangladesh
|-
| [[Koch people|Koch]] || [[Koch language|Koch]] || Lower Assam, Meghalaya, Bangladesh
|-
| [[Mech people|Mech]] || [[Boro language (India)|Boro]]|| Nepal, Assam, West Bengal and Nagaland
|-
| [[Moran people|Moran]] || [[Moran language|Moran]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || Upper Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
|-
| [[Rabha people|Rabha]] || [[Rabha language|Rabha]], Assamese || Lower Assam
|-
| [[Sarania Kachari]] || Assamese || Lower Assam
|-
| [[Sonowal Kachari]] || Assamese || Upper Assam
|-
| [[Thengal-Kachari|Thengal Kachari]] || Assamese || Upper Assam
|-
| [[Tiwa (Lalung)|Tiwa]] || [[Tiwa_language_(India)|Tiwa]], Assamese || Central Assam
|-
| [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] || [[Kokborok language|Tripuri (Kokborok)]] || Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh
|}

Some of the groups, such as Moran and Sarania consider themselves as lower-caste Hindus. Other groups, such as the Garo, Rabha, Lalung (Tiwa) and Hajong having been isolated from the parental stock, have established separate identities. With the exception of the Garo, which is still a matrilineal society, the other groups have given up the rules of matrilineal society.

The Mech in Western Assam, the Boro in central Assam; the Dimasa in Dima Hasao district formerly North Cachar Hills, Nagaon district, Cachar district & Nagaland state and the Sonowal and Thengal in the eastern part of the Brahmaputra now represents the Kachari.

=== Boro ===
{{main|Boro people}}
The Boro people, also called Bodo, are found concentrated in the [[duars]] regions, north of [[Goalpara]] and [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]]. The origin of Kachari term was unknown to Boro themselves, but known to others. They call themselves as Boro, Bada, Bodo, Barafisa. Barafisa translated as Children of the Bara.

===Mech===
{{main|Mech people}}
The Mech are found in both Assam and Bengal. Hodgson(1847) wrote as "Mech is name imposed by strangers. This people call themselves as Bodo. Thus, Bodo is their proper designation" They speak mainly the [[Bodo language|Boro language]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Essay the first; On the Kocch, Bódo and Dhimál tribes|last=Hodgson|first=B.H.|publisher=J. Thomas|year=1847|location=Calcutta|pages=105, 142, 154, 155, 156|quote=Mech is name imposed by strangers. This people call themselves as Bodo. Thus, Bodo is their proper designation}}</ref> J.D Anderson wrote, "In Assam proper Hindus call them Kacharis, In Bengal they are known as Meches. Their own name for the race is Boro or Bodo."<ref>{{Harvcol|The Kacharis|J.D Anderson|p=xv}}</ref>

===Dimasa===
{{main|Dimasa people}}
The [[Kachari Kingdom|Kachari]] have a ruling clan among themselves who are termed as Hasnusa. Some Dimasa scholars opined that they were also known as Hasnusa at some point of time in History<ref>[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69516/7/07_chapter%202.pdf The Dimasa were known as kachari who migrated to Dimapur region and settled on the banks of Dhansiri, and later came to be known as Dimasa]</ref>

===Chutia===
{{main|Chutia people}}
Among [[Chutia people|Chutias]], Burok means noble/great men. The Chutias who were thought to be healthy and strong was termed as Burok and took up the administrative and military roles in the Chutia kingdom. Even the Motok king [[Sarbananada Singha|Sarbananda Singha]] belonged to the Burok Chutia clan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atributetosankaradeva.org/mayamara.pdf |title=Nath, D. ''The Mataks and their Revolt'', p.13 |access-date=22 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819031029/http://atributetosankaradeva.org/mayamara.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Surnames like Bora, Borha, Borua have their origins in the Chutia kingdom and are related to Bara/Bodo/Buruk. There is mention of Manik Chandra Barua, Dhela Bora, Borhuloi Barua as commanders of Chutia army.<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutia Jaatir Buranji'', Page 145, Surnames like Bora, Saikia, Kataki, Tamuli,etc. were found in Chutia kingdom. It is clearly stated in the Deodhai Buranji that when Ahom king Suhungmung attacked the Chutia kingdom on the banks of Dihing river, the Chutia army was led by one Manik Chandra Baruah. The surname "Neog" was probably derived from the Chutia "Nayak" whose duty was the same. Deori folklores also mention the myths behind the creation of each of these titles. For instance, "Bora" was said to be derived from the "Buruk" clan and acted either as a military official or a temple guard...</ref><ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 129, The Chutia army was led by Borhuloi Borua and Dhela Bora.</ref>

===Moran===
{{main|Moran people}}
The Morans called their leader/chief as Bodousa (great son) where 'sa' means child or son in Moran language .<ref>[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69486/9/09_chapter%202.pdf Moran chief Badaucha]</ref> They were also known as Habungiya or earth-folk or autochthones which means son of soil.<ref>{{Harvcol|Endle|1911|p=88}}</ref>

===Deori===
{{main|Deori people}}
The Deoris (who were priests by profession) also have the Burok clan among them.

===Tiwa (Lalung)===
{{main|Tiwa (Lalung)}}
Tiwa (Lalung) is an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya in northeastern India. They were known as Lalungs in the Assamese Buranjis, though members of the group prefer to call themselves Tiwa (meaning "the people who were lifted from below"). Some of their neighbors still call them Lalung.<ref>"the Tiwas, called Lalungs by their neighbours"{{harvcol|Ramirez|2014|p=19}}</ref> A striking peculiarity of the Tiwa is their division into two sub-groups, Hill Tiwa and Plains Tiwas, displaying contrasting cultural features.<ref>"Many Tiwas account for the cultural dichotomy between hill Tiwas and plains Tiwas in terms of an acculturation to the Assamese dominated plain culture"{{harvcol|Ramirez|2014|p=20}}</ref> The hill Tiwas speak [[Tiwa language|Tiwa]] and follows matrilineality<ref>"hill Tiwas, concentrated in the central Assam hills, all speak a Bodo-Garo language (Tiwa); their villages are centred around
youth dormitories (samadhi); their descent mode is ambilineal (see chapter 3) with a high incidence of matrilineality"{{harv|Ramirez|2014|p=19}}</ref> while the plain Tiwa who are more numerous in number speak Assamese and adhere to a patrilineal form of society.<ref>"Generally speaking, the much more numerous plains Tiwas (171,000) do not speak Tiwa; they follow a patrilineal descent pattern"{{harv|Ramirez|2014|p=20}}</ref>

===Tripuri===
{{main|Tripuri people}}
The Tripuris are the inhabitants of the Tripura Kingdom. The Tripuri people through [[Manikya dynasty]] ruled the [[Twipra Kingdom|Kingdom of Tripura]].<ref>[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69486/9/09_chapter%202.pdf </ref>

==Origins==
They were first classified by S. Endle as the Kacharis. They are considered to have reached the Brahmaputra valley via Tibet and South China, and settled in the foothills of the eastern Himalayan range which includes the whole of Assam, Tripura, North Bengal and parts of Bangladesh. That the Bodo-Kacharis were early colonizers of the river valleys is taken from the fact that most of the rivers in the Brahmaputra valley today carry Tibeto-Burman names – Dibang, Dihang, Dikhou, Dihing, doigrung, doiyang etc. – where Di- means water in [[Bodo language|Bodo]]/Deori-Chutia, Moran, Dimasa, other dialects Bodo languages. ("Ti" in Lalung (Tiwa) language, "Twi" in Tripuri language, "Dwi/Doi" in 8th scheduled Boro & "Chi" in Garo). There are many places name given by Bodo-Kachari people are Dispur, Dinajpur, Dimapur, Dibrugarh, Hajo, Mongoldoi, Doimukh, Diphu etc.

==History==
The [[History of Tripura|Tripuri]], [[Chutia Kingdom|Chutia]], [[Koch dynasty|Koch-Mech]] and [[Dimasa kingdom|Dimasa]] had established powerful kingdoms in the past. The Tripuri kings had even defeated the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s and the [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdoms in the past. Today, the Boros, the Tripuris, and the Garos have established a strong political and ethnic identity and are developing their language and literature. The Sonowal Kachari is also a branch of greater Kachari. They live in the districts of Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Dhemaji, Sivasagar, Lakhimpur, Golaghat and Jorhat.

==See also==
* [[Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Jacquesson|first=François|date=2008|title=Discovering Boro-Garo|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_32_02.pdf|journal=History of an Analytical and Descriptive Linguistic Category|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803001248/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_32_02.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2019|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Jaquesson |first1=François |translator-last=van Breugel |translator-first=Seino |year=2017 |title=The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=90–122 |doi=10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lC6FCZ9VcaAC&pg=PA73|last=Sharma|first=Chandan Kumar|contribution=Oral discourse and Bodo identity construction|editor-last=Muthukumaraswamy|editor-first=M.D.|title=Folklore as Discourse|pages=73–94|publisher=National folklore support centre|year=2006|isbn=9788190148160}}
* {{cite thesis|type=PhD|first=Uttam|last=Bathari|title=Memory History and polity a study of dimasa identity in colonial past and post colonial present|publisher=Gauhati University|year=2014|hdl=10603/115353}}
* {{cite thesis|type=PhD|first=Nirjay Kumar|last=Brahma|title= Socio political institutions in bodo society|publisher=Gauhati University|year=2008|hdl=10603/66535}}
* {{cite book|last=Burling|first=Robbins|chapter=The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India|editor-last=LaPolla|editor-first=Randy J.|author-link=Randy LaPolla|title=Sino-Tibetan languages|year=2013|isbn=9781135797171|publisher=Routledge|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYJFPZ34ihMC&pg=PT146}}
* {{cite book|last=Choudhury|first=Sujit|title=The Bodos: Emergence and Assertion of an ethnic minority|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2YMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study|location=Shimla|isbn=9788179860540}}
* {{cite book|last=Endle|first=Sidney|title=The Kacharis|url=https://archive.org/details/kacharis009491mbp|access-date=20 February 2013|year=1911|publisher=Macmillan and Co.|location=London}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Basu|first1=Analabha|year=2003|title=Ethnic India: A Genomic View, With Special Reference to Peopling and Structure|journal=Genome Research|volume=13|issue=10|pages=2277–2290|doi=10.1101/gr.1413403|pmid=14525929|pmc=403703}}
* {{cite journal|last1=George|first1=Sudhir Jacob|year=1994|title=The Bodo Movement in Assam: Unrest to Accord|journal=Asian Survey|publisher=University of California Press|pages=878–892|volume=34|number=10|doi=10.1525/as.1994.34.10.00p0431w}}
*{{Linguistic Survey of India|3|2}}
* {{cite conference|last=Mosahary|first=R N|title=The Boros : Their Origin, Migration and Settlement in Assam|book-title=Proceedings of Northeast India History Association|url=http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/11330/The%20boros%20(RN%20Mosahary).pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701071648/http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/11330/The%20boros%20(RN%20Mosahary).pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-07-01|access-date=2019-06-30|year=1983|publisher=Northeast India History Association|location=Barapani|pages=42–70}}
* {{cite book|last=Narjinari|first=Hira Charan|title=Reassertiveness of the Great Bodos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1RuAAAAMAAJ|year=2000}}
* {{cite book|ref=eighth|last=GoI|title=Eighth Scheduled Indian Languages|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010536/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ba1AAAAIAAJ|title=The place of Assam in the history and civilisation of India|last=Chatterjee|first=S.K.|publisher=Guwahati University|year=1970}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chatterji
| first = S. K.
| title = Kirata-Jana-Krti
| url = https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.32096/2015.32096.Kirata-jana-krti_djvu.txt
| publisher = The Asiatic Society
| year = 1974
| location = Calcutta
}}
*{{cite journal |last1=DeLancey |first1=Scott |editor3-first=Mark |editor3-last=w. Post |editor2-first=Stephen |editor2-last=Morey |editor1-first=Gwendolyn |editor1-last=Hyslop |year=2012 |title=On the Origin of Bodo-Garo |journal=Northeast Indian Linguistics |volume=4 |pages=3–20 |doi=10.1017/UPO9789382264521.003 |isbn=9789382264521 }}
* {{cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Jae-Eun|year=2020|title=Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review|volume=57|issue=1|pages=49–75|doi=10.1177/0019464619894134|s2cid=213213265}}
*{{Cite book|last=Barua|first=Birinchi Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4HRAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Assamese Literature|date=1964|publisher=East-West Center Press|isbn=9780842611459|language=en}}
* {{cite book|last=Ramirez|first=Philippe|title=People of the Margins: Across Ethnic Boundaries in North-East India|year=2014|publisher=SPECTRUM PUBLICATIONS}}
{{refend}}
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kachari}}
[[Category:Social groups of Assam]]
[[Category:Tribes of Assam]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Assam]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

Bodo-Kachari people - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Homogenie: /* Ethnic groups */