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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|1957 film by Nicholas Ray}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Bitter Victory<br />
| image = Bitvicpos.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Original US film poster<br />
| director = [[Nicholas Ray]]<br />
| producer = Paul Graetz<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''Amère victoire''<br>1956 novel|[[René Hardy]]}}<ref name=BFITechCredits>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100118040514/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/43860?view%3Dcredit BFI database: ''Amère victoire'' - technical credits] Retrieved 3 November 2012</ref><br />
| screenplay = René Hardy<br />Nicholas Ray<br>[[Gavin Lambert]]<br />[[Paul Gallico]] (additional dialogue)<ref name=BFITechCredits/><br />
| starring = [[Richard Burton]]<br />[[Curt Jürgens]]<br />[[Ruth Roman]]<br />
| music = [[Maurice Leroux]]<br />
| cinematography = Michel Kelber<br />
| editing = Léonide Azar<br />
| color_process = [[Black and white]]<br />
| studio = Transcontinental Films S.A.<br />Robert Laffont Productions<br />
| distributor = [[Columbia Pictures]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1957|08|29|[[Venice Film Festival|Venice FF]]|1957|11|20|France|1958|01|25|UK|1958|03|03|US}}<br />
| runtime = 102 minutes<ref name=BBFC>[http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF004836/ BBFC: ''Bitter Victory'' - Submitted runtime] Retrieved 3 November 2012</ref><br />
| country = France<br />United States<br />
| language = English<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Bitter Victory''''' (French title '''''Amère victoire''''') is a 1957 [[France|Franco]]-[[US|American]] [[international co-production]] film, shot in [[CinemaScope]] and directed by [[Nicholas Ray]]. Set in [[World War II]], it stars [[Richard Burton]] and [[Curt Jürgens]] as two British Army officers sent out on a [[commando]] raid in North Africa. [[Ruth Roman]] plays the former lover of one and the wife of the other. It is based on the novel of the same name by [[René Hardy]].<br />
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==Plot==<br />
During the [[Western Desert Campaign]] of World War II, two [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] officers in [[Egypt]] are interviewed to lead a dangerous [[commando]] mission far behind enemy lines in [[Benghazi]]. Major David Brand, a South African, is a regular army officer but lacks experience of combat and of commanding men in the field. He does not speak Arabic and has only a limited knowledge of the area in [[Libya]] in which the patrol is to operate. Captain Jimmy Leith, a [[Wales|Welshman]], is an amateur volunteer with extensive knowledge of the area who knows a local guide and speaks fluent [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as well. It is decided that both officers will go, with Major Brand in command. The men see Brand as a disciplinarian - "the only thing he's slept with is the rule book".<br />
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Major Brand's wife Jane is a [[Women's Auxiliary Air Force]] (WAAF) Flight Officer who enlisted to be near her husband. When Brand invites Leith to drinks with his wife, he picks up the fact that the two had had an affair before she married Brand. Leith had walked out on her without explanation.<br />
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The unit parachutes behind enemy lines with the mission of attacking a German headquarters and bringing back secret plans from a safe to be opened by Wilkins, an experienced [[safecracker]]. Dressed as local civilians, Brand's hand shakes with fright when he has to knife a German sentry; the deed is done by Leith.<br />
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The mission is completed with the British suffering only one death and one man wounded. The patrol ambushes a German detachment, capturing [[Oberst]] Lutze, who Brand knows was responsible for the secret information. Possibly in the hope of getting rid of Leith, Brand leaves him alone with two seriously wounded men, one British, one German. Leith decides to put them out of their pain. He shoots the German, who pleads for his life. The Briton encourages Leith to act quickly and get it over with. Leith puts his pistol to the soldier's head and fires but there are no bullets left. Rather than reloading, Leith picks the man up and sets out to carry him to safety. The man cries out in agony and curses Leith's failure, but dies before Leith puts him down again. Leith, whose Arab friend has joined him, then catches up with the rest of the unit.<br />
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The patrol is supposed to escape on camels but they discover the men left with them have been murdered and the camels taken. During the long march back across the desert, Brand's animosity towards Leith grows, not only due to the affair with his wife but to Brand's fear that Leith will reveal him as a coward to headquarters and destroy his career. While the group are resting, Brand sees a scorpion climb up the leg of Leith's trousers but does not warn him in time. When Leith is stung, Brand refrains from shooting him as his orders permit and lets him die in pain during a sandstorm. The men believe he killed him.<br />
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A patrol eventually picks up the group and takes them back to HQ. Brand's wife is distraught to learn of Leith's death and when Brand is immediately awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]], instead of congratulating him, she walks off disconsolate. In the closing shot Brand ruefully pins the medal on a stuffed training dummy.<br />
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==Main cast==<br />
{{castlist|<br />
* [[Richard Burton]] as Captain Jim Leith<br />
* [[Curd Jürgens]] as Major David Brand (as Curt Jürgens)<br />
* [[Ruth Roman]] as Flight Officer<ref>female equivalent of Flight Lieutenant at the time</ref> Jane Brand<br />
* [[Raymond Pellegrin]] as Mekrane<br />
* [[Anthony Bushell]] as General Patterson<br />
* [[Alfred Burke]] as Lieutenant Colonel Callander<br />
* Sean Kelly as Lieutenant Barton<br />
* Ramón de Larrocha as Lieutenant Sanders<br />
* [[Christopher Lee]] as Sergeant Barney<br />
* [[Ronan O'Casey]] as Sergeant Dunnigan<br />
* Fred Matter as Colonel Lutze<br />
* Raoul Delfosse as Lieutenant Kassel<br />
* [[Andrew Crawford (actor)|Andrew Crawford]] as Private Roberts<br />
* [[Nigel Green]] as Lance Corporal Wilkins<br />
* [[Harry Landis]] as Private Browning<br />
* Christian Melsen as Private Abbot<br />
* Sumner Williams as Private Anderson<br />
* Joe Davray as Private Spicer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production and release==<br />
Although labelled a Franco-American co-production, ''Bitter Victory'' was mainly a French production, made by Transcontinental Films, the production company set up by German-born producer Paul Graetz (not to be confused with the German actor with the same name). The US co-production consisted of Columbia Pictures putting up some financing in return for worldwide distribution rights. The French financing came from the publisher Robert Laffont. Production started on 17 February 1957 and finished two months later. Much of the film was shot on location in [[Libya]], with support from the British [[War Office]] and the [[British Army]], while some interior scenes were done at the [[Victorine Studios]], Nice, France.<ref name=BFITechCredits/><ref name=AFI>[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=52480 AFI Catalog of Feature Films: ''Bitter Victory''] Linked 3 November 2013</ref><br />
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[[Christopher Lee]] writes in his autobiography that upon arriving in Libya, all but the main stars essentially took part in a cast lottery for parts. Nobody was satisfied with the role they ended up with, particularly Raymond Pellegrin, who was stuck as an Arab guide who had only four lines. Lee says that the whole cast parted, "in the certain knowledge of having shared in a failure."<ref>{{cite book | first =Christopher |last=Lee | title = Lord of Misrule | publisher = Orion | date = 2004|page= 170}}</ref><br />
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The film had its premiere at the 18th [[Venice Film Festival]] on 29 August 1957,<ref name=IMDbRelease>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050126/releaseinfo IMDb: ''Bitter Victory'' - release dates] Retrieved 3 November 2012</ref> where it competed for the [[Golden Lion]] award (which went to [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Aparajito]]'') as a French entry, but with English dialogue and Italian subtitles.<ref name=AFI/><ref>Article in The Times, 4 September 1957, page 3: ''Venice Film Festival Gets Off To a Bad Start'' - found in The Times Digital Archives 3 November 2013</ref> The first general release was in France, on 20 November 1957.<ref>[http://www.encyclocine.com/index.html?menu=72608&page=0&chercherfilm=Amère+Victoire&x=-689&y=-155 Encyclo Ciné: ''Amère victoire''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222160750/http://www.encyclocine.com/index.html?menu=72608&page=0&chercherfilm=Am%C3%A8re+Victoire&x=-689&y=-155 |date=22 December 2019 }} Linked 4 November 2013</ref><br />
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The film's British distributors released a second version with the final scenes removed, cutting the film down from 101 minutes to 90. This version, released on 25 January 1958,<ref name=Times>Review in The Times, 27 January 1958, page 12: ''Talent Misused if Film of Desert Warfare'' Found in The Times Digital Archive 3 November 2013</ref> ends with the arrival of help and Lutze setting fire to the documents. The British Board of Film Censors (predecessor of the [[British Board of Film Classification]]) required only minor cuts, which made Leith's execution of the wounded German less explicit. In 2006 British television aired the uncut version for the first time.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131103193149/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/43860?view=transmission BFI database: ''Amère victoire'' - TV transmissions] Retrieved 3 November 2012</ref> The film was released in the United States on 3 March 1958, cut to 83 minutes.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of American films of 1957]]<br />
* "Bitter Victory" (1988), a history of the July–August 1943 [[Allied invasion of Sicily]] by [[Carlo D'Este]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0050126}}<br />
* {{AFI film|52480|Bitter Victory}}<br />
* {{BFI Explore|4ce2b6b14aa18|Amère victoire}}<br />
* {{tcmdb title|id=4433}}<br />
* {{Amg movie|id=85147}}<br />
<br />
{{Nicholas Ray}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1957 films]]<br />
[[Category:1957 war films]]<br />
[[Category:CinemaScope films]]<br />
[[Category:American war films]]<br />
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:French black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on French novels]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Nicholas Ray]]<br />
[[Category:French war films]]<br />
[[Category:North African campaign films]]<br />
[[Category:English-language French films]]<br />
[[Category:1950s English-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1950s American films]]<br />
[[Category:1950s French films]]</div>Bot