Bir Hambir - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 31 August 2022
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	\|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]		\|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]
	\|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]		\|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
			\|issue = [[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
	\|religion = [[Hinduism]]		\|religion = [[Hinduism]]
	\|position =		\|position =
	}}		}}
	'''Hambir Malla Dev''' (also known as '''Bir Hambir''', '''Beera Hambeera''', and '''Veer Hambir''') was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 AD.{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN\|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mallik\|first1=Abhaya Pada\|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal\|date=1921\|publisher=Calcutta\|pages=129\|edition=the University of Michigan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=11 March ~~2016~~}}</ref>		'''Hambir Malla Dev''' (also known as '''Bir Hambir''', '''Beera Hambeera''', and '''Veer Hambir''') was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 AD.{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN\|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mallik\|first1=Abhaya Pada\|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal\|date=1921\|publisher=Calcutta\|pages=129\|edition=the University of Michigan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=11 March 2022}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
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	==Dal Madal Kaman (Cannon)==		==Dal Madal Kaman (Cannon)==
	[[File:Dalmadal Canon.jpg\|300px\|left]]		[[File:Dalmadal Canon.jpg\|300px\|left]]
	During the reign of Bir Hambir the Dal Madal, one of the largest-bored cannons even made, was founded, demonstrating the skill of artisans of that time.<ref>{{cite web\|title= Bishnupur Sub-division \|url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Dalmadal_Cannon\|website=bankura.gov.in\|accessdate=}}</ref> Dal Madal was made by Jagannath Karmakar. "Dal Madal" means "destruction of enemy".{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=55}}		During the reign of Bir Hambir the Dal Madal, one of the largest-bored cannons even made, was founded, demonstrating the skill of artisans of that time.<ref>{{cite web\|title= Bishnupur Sub-division \|url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Dalmadal_Cannon\|website=bankura.gov.in\|accessdate=}}</ref> Dal Madal was made by Jagannath Karmakar. "Dal Madal" means "destruction of enemy".{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=55}}

			Another, eminent historian Maniklal Sinha writes,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singha \|first=Maniklal \|url=https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27582&query_desc=su:%22Customs%22 \|title=Paschim rarh tatha Bankura sanskriti \|date=1977 \|publisher=Chittaranjan Dasgupta \|location=Bisnupur \|pages=165 \|language=Bengali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Chandra \|first=Manoranjan \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265671 \|title=Mallabhum Bishnupur \|date=2002 \|pages=26}}</ref> the well-known Dalmadal of the Malla Rajas. There are distinct critiques regarding the name of the cannon. Common people think that Dal and Madal are two cannons. The concept of Sanskrit-educated people is Dalmadal, came from Sanskrit name Dalmardan. However, each of the above thoughts is incorrect. Actually, Mallabhum, kingdom of Malla Rajas was dominated by Dharmathakura and a Dharamshila is known as Dalmadal. His study also suggests that the ancestor of the Karmakar family, Jagannath Karmakar who built the Dalmadal cannon and named the cannon as Dalmadal

	{\|class="wikitable" align="center" width="30%" style="font-size:90%; border:2px solid orange;"		{\|class="wikitable" align="center" width="30%" style="font-size:90%; border:2px solid orange;"

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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 3 June 2022
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	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\|name =Hambir Malla Dev		\|name =Hambir Malla Dev
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	\|succession =49th king of [[Mallabhum]]		\|succession =49th king of [[Mallabhum]]
	\|coronation =		\|coronation =
	\|reign =1565–1620 CE.		\|reign =1565–1620 AD.
	\|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]		\|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]
	\|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]		\|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
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	\|position =		\|position =
	}}		}}
	'''Hambir Malla Dev''', also known as '''Bir Hambir''' ('''Beera Hambeera'''~~) &~~ '''Veer Hambir''', was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 CE.{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN\|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mallik\|first1=Abhaya Pada\|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal\|date=1921\|publisher=Calcutta\|pages=129\|edition=the University of Michigan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref>		'''Hambir Malla Dev''' (also known as '''Bir Hambir''', '''Beera Hambeera''', and '''Veer Hambir''') was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 AD.{{Sfn\|Dasgupta\|Biswas\|Mallik\|2009\|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN\|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Mallik\|first1=Abhaya Pada\|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal\|date=1921\|publisher=Calcutta\|pages=129\|edition=the University of Michigan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Hambir was the 49th ruler of the [[Mallabhum\|Malla dynasty]] who flourished around 1586 AD and ruled in 16th-17th century, and was a contemporary of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He fought on the side of Akbar against the [[Afghan]]s and paid an annual tribute to the Mughal governors of Bengal and thus acknowledged their suzerainty.<ref name=omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Bankura'', ''Bengal District Gazetteers'', pp. 21-46, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>		Hambir was the 49th ruler of the [[Mallabhum\|Malla dynasty]] who flourished around 1586 AD and ruled in 16th-17th century, and was a contemporary of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He fought on the side of Akbar against the [[Afghans\|Afghan]]s and paid an annual tribute to the Mughal governors of Bengal and thus acknowledged their suzerainty.<ref name=omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Bankura'', ''Bengal District Gazetteers'', pp. 21-46, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

	Bir Hambir was a pious man who started following [[Vaishnavism]]. A story in two Vaishnava works (Prem-vilasa of Nityananda Das (alias Balaram Das) and Bhakti Ratnakara of Narahari Chakrabarti) recounts the manner in which Srinivasa and other devotees were robbed by Bir Hambir while travelling from [[Vrindavan]] to [[Gauḍa (city)\|Gaur]] with a number of Vaishanava manuscripts. However, Bir Hambir was so moved by Srinivasa’s reading of [[Bhagavata]] that he converted to Vaishnavism and gave Srinivasa a rich endowment of land and money. He introduced the worship of [[Madan Mohan]] to [[Bishnupur, Bankura\|Bishnupur]].<ref name=omalley />		Bir Hambir was a pious man who started following [[Vaishnavism]]. A story in two Vaishnava works (Prem-vilasa of Nityananda Das (alias Balaram Das) and Bhakti Ratnakara of Narahari Chakrabarti) recounts the manner in which Srinivasa and other devotees were robbed by Bir Hambir while travelling from [[Vrindavan]] to [[Gauḍa (city)\|Gaur]] with a number of Vaishanava manuscripts. However, Bir Hambir was so moved by Srinivasa’s reading of [[Bhagavata]] that he converted to Vaishnavism and gave Srinivasa a rich endowment of land and money. He introduced the worship of [[Madan Mohan]] to [[Bishnupur, Bankura\|Bishnupur]].<ref name=omalley />
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	[[Category:Date of death missing]]		[[Category:Date of death missing]]
	[[Category:Kings of Mallabhum]]		[[Category:Kings of Mallabhum]]
	~~[[Category:Malla rulers]]~~
	~~[[Category:Rulers of Bengal]]~~
	[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]		[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]
	[[Category:Artillery of India]]		[[Category:Artillery of India]]
	[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]		[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]

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	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\|name =Hambir Malla Dev		\|name =Hambir Malla Dev

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{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name =Hambir Malla Dev
|image=
|caption=
|succession =49th king of [[Mallabhum]]
|coronation =
|reign =1565–1620 CE.
|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]
|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|position =
}}
'''Hambir Malla Dev''', also known as '''Bir Hambir''' ('''Beera Hambeera''') & '''Veer Hambir''', was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 CE.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=129|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Hambir was the 49th ruler of the [[Mallabhum|Malla dynasty]] who flourished around 1586 AD and ruled in 16th-17th century, and was a contemporary of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He fought on the side of Akbar against the [[Afghan]]s and paid an annual tribute to the Mughal governors of Bengal and thus acknowledged their suzerainty.<ref name=omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Bankura'', ''Bengal District Gazetteers'', pp. 21-46, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

Bir Hambir was a pious man who started following [[Vaishnavism]]. A story in two Vaishnava works (Prem-vilasa of Nityananda Das (alias Balaram Das) and Bhakti Ratnakara of Narahari Chakrabarti) recounts the manner in which Srinivasa and other devotees were robbed by Bir Hambir while travelling from [[Vrindavan]] to [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]] with a number of Vaishanava manuscripts. However, Bir Hambir was so moved by Srinivasa’s reading of [[Bhagavata]] that he converted to Vaishnavism and gave Srinivasa a rich endowment of land and money. He introduced the worship of [[Madan Mohan]] to [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]].<ref name=omalley />

===Dev Title===
During his regime (1565 to 1620), Dev title was suffixed after title Malla and Mallabhum was very safe and secured.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=22}}

==Battle of Mundamala Ghat==
During the [[Pathan]] rule of [[Soleiman Karrani]] in Gaur, the kingdom of [[Bishnupur, Mahottari|Bishnupur]] stood in a unique{{cn|date=August 2021}} glory in the Rarh region of [[Bengal]]. His reckless son [[Daud Khan Karrani]] dreamed of seizing the whole of Bengal. In this situation, in 1575 AD, Daud Khan attacked Bishnupur with a large number of Pathan troops.
Revered Fakir Narayan Karmakar Mahasaya writes - "Dawood Khan suddenly came and encamped at a village called Ranisagar near Bishnupur with more than one lakh soldiers and similar ammunition."<ref>("Immortal Story of Bishnupur" - Page: 26)</ref>

The people of Ranisagar were embarrassed by the sudden attack of Dawood Khan's army of lakhs. The Bishnupur army was still not ready for battle. At this moment, the heroic prince of Bishnupur, Hambir Malla, started the war by arming the army. The army of Bishnupur, intoxicated with the dream of victory, proceeded to subdue the enemy by worshiping the Maa [[Mrinmayee]], the kuladevi of Mallabhum.

The state of Bishnupur had total twelve forts, one of which was the Mundmal fort. Near this Mundmal Garh, the Mallabhum army attacked the [[Pathan]] forces. After a fierce battle between the two sides, Hambir Malla defeated the [[Pathan]] forces in such a tragic manner that the battlefield at the eastern gate of the fort was filled with the corpses of Pathan soldiers. The defeated Dawood Khan was taken prisoner. He waited for death in a state of siege. But the noble Hambir arranged for his release and reached a safe place.

"There were so many corpses of the dead Nawab's soldiers at the eastern gate of the fort that it was called" Mundmalaghat ".<ref>('Travel in Bengal', 204)</ref>

It is said that Hambir Malla cut off the heads of the invading [[Pathan]] soldiers, made a garland (mundamala) and offered it as a gift to the demon-destroying Maa Mrinmayidevi. He was awarded the title of "Bir Hambir" for accomplishing that difficult task.<ref>1) "Mallabhum Bishnupur" - Manoranjan Chandra.
2) "Immortal story of Bishnupur" - Fakir Narayan Karmakar.
3) "Travel to Bengal" Wikisource.</ref>

==Rashmancha==
[[File:Bishnupur Rashmancha.jpg|300px|right]]
The Rashmancha is a historical building located at Bishnupur. It was commissioned by Malla king Bir Hambir in 1600 CE. During the Vaishnava Ras festival, all the Radha Krishna idols of Bishnupur town used to be brought here to be worshipped by the citizens.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishnupur Sub-division |url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Rashmancha|website=bankura.gov.in|accessdate=}}</ref>

==Dal Madal Kaman (Cannon)==
[[File:Dalmadal Canon.jpg|300px|left]]
During the reign of Bir Hambir the Dal Madal, one of the largest-bored cannons even made, was founded, demonstrating the skill of artisans of that time.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishnupur Sub-division |url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Dalmadal_Cannon|website=bankura.gov.in|accessdate=}}</ref> Dal Madal was made by Jagannath Karmakar. "Dal Madal" means "destruction of enemy".{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=55}}

{|class="wikitable" align="center" width="30%" style="font-size:90%; border:2px solid orange;"
|+ Dal Madal Kaman (Cannon) or Dala Mardana
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Cannon, Bishnupur.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Cannon, Bishnupur 2.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:DALMADAL.JPG|150px]]
|-
|valign="top"| Left Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Front Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Right Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Back Side of Kaman
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[History of Bankura district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*[http://bankura.org/site/Bishnupur.htm website on Bankura]
*[[Kumkum Chatterjee]]. "Cultural flows and cosmopolitanism in Mughal India : The Bishnupur Kingdom" in ''Indian Economic and Social History Review'' Vol. 46 (2009), p. 147-182.
* {{Citation|last1=Dasgupta|first2=Samira|last2=Biswas|first3=Rabiranjan|last3=Mallik|first1=Gautam Kumar|title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur|publisher=A Mittal Publication|isbn=978-8183242943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18|date=2009|page=22}}
*O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, Bankura, Bengal District Gazetteers, pp. 21–46(25), 1995 reprint, first published 1908, Government of West Bengal

{{Mallabhum}}

[[Category:1620 deaths]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Date of death missing]]
[[Category:Kings of Mallabhum]]
[[Category:Malla rulers]]
[[Category:Rulers of Bengal]]
[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]