Bidhan Chandra Roy - Revision history

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42.110.145.183: /* Post independence */

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Post independence

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	==Post independence==		==Post independence==

	~~The~~ Congress Party proposed Roy's name for Chief Minister of Bengal. Roy wanted to devote himself to his profession. On Gandhiji's advice, however, Roy accepted the position and took office on 23 January 1948. Bengal at the time had been torn by communal violence, shortage of food, unemployment and a large flow of refugees in the wake of the creation of [[East Pakistan]]. Roy brought unity and discipline among the party ranks. He then systematically and calmly began to work on the immense task in front of him. Within three years law and order was returned to Bengal without compromising the dignity and status of his administration. He told the people:<ref name=":1" />		After independence, the Congress Party proposed Roy's name for the post of Chief Minister of Bengal. Roy wanted to devote himself to his medical profession. On Gandhiji's advice, however, Roy accepted the position and took office on 23 January 1948. Bengal at the time had been torn by communal violence, shortage of food, unemployment and a large flow of refugees in the wake of the creation of [[East Pakistan]]. Roy brought unity and discipline among the party ranks. He then systematically and calmly began to work on the immense task in front of him. Within three years law and order was returned to Bengal without compromising the dignity and status of his administration. He told the people:<ref name=":1" />

	{{quote\|We have the ability and if, with faith in our future, we exert ourselves with determination, nothing, I am sure, no obstacles, however formidable or insurmountable they may appear at present, can stop our progress... (if we) all work unitedly, keeping our vision clear and with a firm grasp of our problems.}}		{{quote\|We have the ability and if, with faith in our future, we exert ourselves with determination, nothing, I am sure, no obstacles, however formidable or insurmountable they may appear at present, can stop our progress... (if we) all work unitedly, keeping our vision clear and with a firm grasp of our problems.}}

42.110.145.183: /* Career */

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Career

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	Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The [https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html Chittaranjan Seva Sadan] for women and children was opened in 1926 by [[Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Super-Speciality Hospital & Research Centre\|'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''']]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html\|title=''Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography: डॉ. बिधान चंद्र राय जीवन परिचय''\|language=Hindi\|author=Sumit Kumar\|publisher=Sumit-Kumar\|year=2021}}</ref>		Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The [https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html Chittaranjan Seva Sadan] for women and children was opened in 1926 by [[Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Super-Speciality Hospital & Research Centre\|'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''']]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html\|title=''Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography: डॉ. बिधान चंद्र राय जीवन परिचय''\|language=Hindi\|author=Sumit Kumar\|publisher=Sumit-Kumar\|year=2021}}</ref>

	In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He ~~acquired~~ air-raid shelters for ~~schools~~ and college students to have their classes in, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.		In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He arranged for air-raid shelters for school and college students where they could have their classes, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.

	Roy believed that the youth of India would determine the future of the nation. He felt that the youth must not take part in strikes and fasts but should study and commit themselves to social work. While delivering the Convocation Address at the [[University of Lucknow]] on 15 December 1956, Dr. Roy said:<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/bengal-s-physician-chief-minister-151414.html\|title=Bengal's physician chief minister – The Statesman\|date=30 June 2016\|work=The Statesman\|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|date=November 2010\|title=New Incubators for Tomorrowís Leaders. Convocation Address by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR at Kalyani University\|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k10/csirnews_nov10.pdf\|journal=CSIR Newsletter\|volume=60\|page=258}}</ref><blockquote>My young friends, you are soldiers in the battle of freedom-freedom from want, fear, ignorance, frustration and helplessness. By a dint of hard work for the country, rendered in a spirit of selfless service, may you march ahead with hope and courage...</blockquote>Dr. Roy was both ~~Gandhiji~~'s friend and doctor. When ~~Gandhiji~~ was undertaking a fast in Parnakutivin, Poona in 1933, Dr. Roy attended to him.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|title=Chronology 1933\|website=gandhiserve.org\|access-date=26 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214436/http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|archive-date=26 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gandhiji refused to take medicine on the grounds that it was not made in India~~. Gandhiji~~ asked Dr. Roy, "Why should I take your treatment? Do you treat four hundred ~~million~~ of my countrymen free?" Dr. Roy replied, "No Gandhiji, I could not treat all patients free. But I came... not to treat Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but to treat "him" who to me represents the four hundred million people of my country." Gandhiji relented and took the medicine.		Roy believed that the youth of India would determine the future of the nation. He felt that the youth must not take part in strikes and fasts but should study and commit themselves to social work. While delivering the Convocation Address at the [[University of Lucknow]] on 15 December 1956, Dr. Roy said:<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/bengal-s-physician-chief-minister-151414.html\|title=Bengal's physician chief minister – The Statesman\|date=30 June 2016\|work=The Statesman\|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|date=November 2010\|title=New Incubators for Tomorrowís Leaders. Convocation Address by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR at Kalyani University\|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k10/csirnews_nov10.pdf\|journal=CSIR Newsletter\|volume=60\|page=258}}</ref><blockquote>My young friends, you are soldiers in the battle of freedom - freedom from want,fear, ignorance, frustration and helplessness. By the dint of hard work for the country, rendered in a spirit of selfless service, may you march ahead with hope and courage...</blockquote>Dr. Roy was both Mahatma Gandhi's friend and doctor. When the Mahatma was undertaking a fast in Parnakutivin, [[Pune\|Poona]] in 1933, Dr. Roy attended to him.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|title=Chronology 1933\|website=gandhiserve.org\|access-date=26 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214436/http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|archive-date=26 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gandhiji refused to take medicine on the grounds that it was not made in India and asked Dr. Roy, "Why should I take your treatment? Do you treat four hundred millions of my countrymen free?" Dr. Roy replied, "No Gandhiji, I could not treat all the patients free. But I came ... not to treat Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but to treat "him" who to me represents the four hundred million people of my country." Gandhiji relented and took the medicine.

	Roy entered politics in 1925. He ran for elections from the [[Barrackpore]] Constituency as an independent candidate for the Bengal Legislative Council and defeated the "Grand Old Man of Bengal," [[Surendranath Banerjee]]. Even though an independent, he voted with the [[Swaraj Party]] (the Parliamentary wing of the Congress in the 1920s). As early as 1925, Roy tabled a resolution recommending a study of the causes of pollution in [[Hooghly River\|Hoogly]] and suggested measures to prevent pollution in ~~the~~ future.		Roy entered politics in 1925. He ran for elections from the [[Barrackpore]] Constituency as an independent candidate for the Bengal Legislative Council and defeated the "Grand Old Man of Bengal," [[Surendranath Banerjee]]. Even though an independent, he voted with the [[Swaraj Party]] (the Parliamentary wing of the Congress in the 1920s). As early as 1925, Roy tabled a resolution recommending a study of the causes of pollution in [[Hooghly River\|Hoogly]] and suggested measures to prevent pollution in future.

	Roy was elected to the [[All India Congress Committee]] in 1928. He kept himself away from rivalry and conflicts and made a deep impression on the leaders. Roy efficiently conducted the Civil Disobedience in Bengal in 1929 and prompted [[Pandit Motilal Nehru]] to nominate him Member of the Working Committee ([[Congress Working Committee\|CWC]]) in 1930. The CWC was declared an unlawful assembly and Dr. Roy along with other members of the committee were arrested on 26 August 1930 and detained at [[Alipore Jail\|Alipore Central Jail]].		Roy was elected to the [[All India Congress Committee]] in 1928. He kept himself away from rivalry and conflicts and made a deep impression on the leaders. Roy efficiently conducted the Civil Disobedience Movement in Bengal in 1929 and prompted [[Pandit Motilal Nehru]] to nominate him as a Member of the Working Committee ([[Congress Working Committee\|CWC]]) in 1930. The CWC was declared an unlawful assembly and B.C. Roy along with other members of the committee were arrested on 26 August 1930 and detained at the [[Alipore Jail\|Alipore Central Jail]].

	During the [[Salt March\|Dandi March]] in 1931, many members of the [[Calcutta Corporation]] were imprisoned. Congress requested Roy to remain out of prison and discharge the duties of the Corporation. He served as ~~the~~ [[Alderman]] of the Corporation from 1930–31 and as ~~the~~ Mayor of Calcutta from 1931 to 1933. Under him, the Corporation made ~~leaps~~ in the expansion of free education, free medical aid, better roads, improved lighting, and water supply. He was responsible for setting up a framework for dispensing grant-in-aid to hospitals and charitable dispensaries.		During the [[Salt March\|Dandi March]] in 1931, many members of the [[Calcutta Corporation]] were imprisoned. Congress requested Roy to remain out of prison and discharge the duties of the Corporation. He served as [[Alderman]] of the Corporation from 1930–31 and as Mayor of Calcutta from 1931 to 1933. Under him, the Corporation made exponential progress in the expansion of free education, free medical aid, better roads, improved lighting, and water supply. He was responsible for setting up a framework for dispensing grant-in-aid to hospitals and charitable dispensaries.

	==Post independence==		==Post independence==

42.110.145.183: /* Early life and education */

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Early life and education

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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	~~Bidhan Chandra~~ Roy was born ~~on 1 July 1882~~ to a Bengali Hindu Kayastha Brahmo family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], ~~where his father~~, Prakash Chandra Roy, ~~served as~~ an ~~excise inspector~~. His grandfather ~~was~~ Prankali Roy, an ~~employee~~ of the collectorate of ~~Baharampur in~~ [[Murshidabad]]. His ~~mother~~, ~~Aghorkamini Devi, was a daughter of~~ Bipin Chandra Basu, a ~~zamindar~~ of Baharampur~~. She was a pious lady and a devoted social worker~~. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>		B. C. Roy was born to a Bengali (বাঙালি) Hindu (হিন্দু) Kayastha (কায়স্থ)-Brahmo (ব্রাহ্ম) family of [[Bankipore]], [[Patna]]. His parents were Aghorekamini Debi, a pious lady, devoted to social work, and Prakash Chandra Roy, an Excise Inspector. On both sides of his family he hailed from the [[Murshidabad]] district of Bengal. His paternal grandfather, Prankali Roy, was an official of the collectorate of [[Murshidabad]] in Baharampur. His maternal grandfather, Bipin Chandra Basu, was a ''Zamindar'' of Murshidabad, also based in Baharampur.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>

	Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings ~~– he~~ had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. ~~Bidhan's parents were~~ ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings. He had two sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and two brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. As ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, his parents led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel ~~Hindu~~ king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and ~~Aghorkamini~~ supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other ~~poor~~ children~~, mostly orphans~~. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />		His father, Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and his wife supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other orphaned children. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at an young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />

	Bidhan ~~studied at~~ [[Patna Collegiate School]] in 1897, and obtained his [[Intermediate of Arts\|I.A.]] degree from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]. He ~~completed his undergraduate studies at [[Patna College]], where he obtained a~~ [[Bachelor of Arts\|B.A.]] degree with honours in [[mathematics]]. After ~~graduating with his bachelor's degree,~~ he applied ~~to undertake~~ postgraduate studies at the [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur\|~~Indian Institute of~~ Engineering ~~Science and Technology~~]] and ~~at the~~ [[Calcutta Medical College]]. His ~~application was accepted by~~ both institutions and he chose to attend the latter. Bidhan ~~left~~ Patna in June 1901 to study at ~~the [[Calcutta~~ Medical College~~]]. While at medical school~~, ~~Bidhan~~ came upon an inscription which read, "Whatever thy hands findeth to do, do it with thy might."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/remembering-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-1021823-2017-07-01\|title=Remembering Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Facts about the doctor who dedicated his life to the profession of medicine\|website=India Today\|date=1 July 2017}}</ref> These words became a lifelong source of inspiration for him.		Bidhan graduated from the [[Patna Collegiate School]] in 1897, and obtained his [[Intermediate of Arts\|I.A.]] degree from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]. He [[Bachelor of Arts\|B.A.]] degree with honours in [[mathematics]] from [[Patna College]]. After graduation he applied for postgraduate studies at the [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur\|Bengal Engineering College]] and [[Calcutta Medical College]]. His applications in both the institutions were accepted and he chose to attend the latter. Bidhan leaving Patna in June 1901 to study for a medical degree. While at Medical College, he came upon an inscription which read, "Whatever thy hands findeth to do, do it with thy might."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/remembering-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-1021823-2017-07-01\|title=Remembering Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Facts about the doctor who dedicated his life to the profession of medicine\|website=India Today\|date=1 July 2017}}</ref> These words became a lifelong source of inspiration for him.

	[[Partition of Bengal (1905)\|Bengal was partitioned]] ~~while Bidhan was in college~~. Opposition to the partition was being organised by such nationalists as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak\|Bal Tilak]] and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. ~~Bidhan~~ resisted the immense pull of the movement. He controlled his emotions and concentrated on his studies, realising that he could serve his nation better by qualifying in his profession first.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bidhan-chandra-roy.html\|title=Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography – Bidhan Chandra Roy Childhood, Life, Profile, Timeline\|website=www.iloveindia.com\|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>		While still in college, Bidhan was drawn by [[Partition of Bengal (1905)\|Bengal was partitioned]]. Opposition to the partition was being organised by such nationalists as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak\|Bal Tilak]] and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. He resisted the immense pull of the movement. He controlled his emotions and concentrated on his studies, realising that he could serve his nation better by qualifying in his profession first.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bidhan-chandra-roy.html\|title=Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography – Bidhan Chandra Roy Childhood, Life, Profile, Timeline\|website=www.iloveindia.com\|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

	Intending to enroll at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] to complete further studies in medicine, Bidhan left for Britain in February 1909 with {{INR}}1200. The then ~~dean~~ of St. Bartholomew's Hospital was reluctant to accept an Asian student and rejected ~~Bidhan's~~ application.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|title=Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy -Biography and Life History {{!}} Great Rulers\|website=greatrulers.com\|access-date=27 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001729/https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|archive-date=28 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roy did not lose heart and submit several additional applications till the ~~dean~~, after 30 admission requests, admitted Bidhan.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/culture/when-indias-national-doctor-was-denied-service-by-an-american-restaurant\|title=When India's 'National Doctor' Was Denied Service By an American Restaurant\|website=The Wire\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> ~~Bidhan~~ completed his studies in only two years and three months, and in May 1911 ~~became~~ a ~~member~~ of the [[Member of the Royal College of Physicians\|Royal College of Physicians]] and a ~~fellow~~ of the [[FRCS (Eng)\|Royal College of Surgeons]] simultaneously (a rare feat). He returned ~~home~~ in 1911.		Intending to enroll at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] to complete further studies in medicine, Bidhan left for Britain in February 1909 with {{INR}}1200. The then Dean of St. Bartholomew's Hospital was reluctant to accept an Asian student and rejected his application.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|title=Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy -Biography and Life History {{!}} Great Rulers\|website=greatrulers.com\|access-date=27 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001729/https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|archive-date=28 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roy did not lose heart and submit several additional applications till the Dean, after 30 admission requests, admitted Bidhan into his hospital.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/culture/when-indias-national-doctor-was-denied-service-by-an-american-restaurant\|title=When India's 'National Doctor' Was Denied Service By an American Restaurant\|website=The Wire\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> He completed his studies in only two years and three months, and in May 1911 obtained a membership of the [[Member of the Royal College of Physicians\|Royal College of Physicians]] and a fellowship of the [[FRCS (Eng)\|Royal College of Surgeons]] simultaneously, which even then was a rare feat. He returned to India in 1911.

	==Career==		==Career==

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2023-07-01T01:32:09Z

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	'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''' [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|MRCP]], [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|FRCS]] (1 July 1882 – 1 July 1962) was an Indian physician, educationist, [[philanthropist]], [[Indian freedom fighter\|freedom fighter]] and statesman who served as [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal\|Chief Minister of West Bengal]] from 1948 until his death in 1962. Bidhan Roy is often considered the maker of modern [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/a-doctor-par-excellence/article2153732.ece\|title=A doctor par excellence\|last=Kalra\|first=R. N.\|date=3 July 2011\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=27 August 2018\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> due to his key role in the founding of several institutions and four eminent cities [[Durgapur, West Bengal\|Durgapur]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal\|Kalyani]], [[Bidhannagar, Kolkata\|Bidhannagar]] and [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh\|Ashoknagar]]. He is one of the few people in history to have become both a [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons]] and a [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|Member of the Royal College of Physicians]]. In India, the [[National Doctors' Day]] is celebrated in his memory every year on the 1st of July. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian honour on 4 February 1961.<ref>[http://news.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3433120&page=4 Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Vision for young India – The 15 'Gods' India draws inspiration from] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126040807/http://news.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3433120&page=4 \|date=26 November 2009 }}. News.in.msn.com (20 November 2009). Retrieved on 9 October 2013.</ref>		'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''' [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|MRCP]], [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|FRCS]] (1 July 1882 – 1 July 1962) was an Indian physician, educationist, [[philanthropist]], [[Indian freedom fighter\|freedom fighter]] and statesman who served as [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal\|Chief Minister of West Bengal]] from 1948 until his death in 1962. Bidhan Roy is often considered the maker of modern [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/a-doctor-par-excellence/article2153732.ece\|title=A doctor par excellence\|last=Kalra\|first=R. N.\|date=3 July 2011\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=27 August 2018\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> due to his key role in the founding of several institutions and four eminent cities [[Durgapur, West Bengal\|Durgapur]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal\|Kalyani]], [[Bidhannagar, Kolkata\|Bidhannagar]] and [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh\|Ashoknagar]]. He is one of the few people in history to have become both a [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons]] and a [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|Member of the Royal College of Physicians]]. In India, the [[National Doctors' Day]] is celebrated in his memory every year on the 1st of July. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian honour on 4 February 1961.<ref>[http://news.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3433120&page=4 Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Vision for young India – The 15 'Gods' India draws inspiration from] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126040807/http://news.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3433120&page=4 \|date=26 November 2009 }}. News.in.msn.com (20 November 2009). Retrieved on 9 October 2013.</ref>

	~~==Family history==~~
	Bidhan Chandra Roy's grandfather, Prankali Roy, was an employee of the collectorate of [[Baharampur]] in [[Murshidabad district\|Murshidabad]], [[West Bengal]], and his father, Prakash Chandra Roy, was born there in 1847. His mother, Aghorkamini Devi, was the daughter of a [[zamindar]] of [[Baharampur]] named Bipin Chandra Bosu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref>

	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==

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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Bidhan Chandra Roy was born on 1 July 1882 to a Bengali Hindu Kayastha Brahmo family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], where his father, Prakash Chandra Roy, ~~was serving~~ as an excise inspector. His mother, Aghorkamini Devi, was a pious lady and a devoted social worker.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings – he had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. Bidhan's parents were ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Bidhan Chandra Roy was born on 1 July 1882 to a Bengali Hindu Kayastha Brahmo family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], where his father, Prakash Chandra Roy, served as an excise inspector. His grandfather was Prankali Roy, an employee of the collectorate of Baharampur in [[Murshidabad]]. His mother, Aghorkamini Devi, was a daughter of Bipin Chandra Basu, a zamindar of Baharampur. She was a pious lady and a devoted social worker. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>

			Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings – he had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. Bidhan's parents were ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel Hindu king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and Aghorkamini supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other poor children, mostly orphans. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />		Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel Hindu king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and Aghorkamini supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other poor children, mostly orphans. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />

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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Bidhan Chandra Roy was born on 1 July 1882 to a Bengali family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], where his father, Prakash Chandra Roy, was serving as an excise inspector. His mother, Aghorkamini Devi, was a pious lady and a devoted social worker.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings – he had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. Bidhan's parents were ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Bidhan Chandra Roy was born on 1 July 1882 to a Bengali Hindu Kayastha Brahmo family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], where his father, Prakash Chandra Roy, was serving as an excise inspector. His mother, Aghorkamini Devi, was a pious lady and a devoted social worker.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings – he had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. Bidhan's parents were ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel Hindu king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and Aghorkamini supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other poor children, mostly orphans. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />		Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel Hindu king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and Aghorkamini supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other poor children, mostly orphans. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />

103.240.96.210 at 19:23, 24 December 2021

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imported>Blogginghelp: /* Career */

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Career

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2019}}
	{{Infobox Indian politician		{{Infobox Indian politician
	\| name =Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy		\| name = Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
	\| native_name_lang = bengali		\| native_name_lang = bengali
	\| image =		\| image =
	~~B C~~ Roy.jpg		Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy in 1943 (cropped).jpg
	\| image_size = 250px		\| image_size = 250px
			\| caption = Roy in 1943
	\| honorific-suffix = [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|MRCP]], [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|FRCS]]		\| honorific-suffix = [[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom\|MRCP]], [[Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons\|FRCS]]
	\| alt = Portrait of Bidhan Chandra Roy		\| alt = Portrait of Bidhan Chandra Roy
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	Following his return from England after post-graduation, he taught at the [[Medical College Kolkata\|Calcutta Medical College]], and later at the [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital\|Campbell Medical School]] and the [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital\|Carmichael Medical College]].<ref name=":0" />		Following his return from England after post-graduation, he taught at the [[Medical College Kolkata\|Calcutta Medical College]], and later at the [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital\|Campbell Medical School]] and the [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital\|Carmichael Medical College]].<ref name=":0" />

	Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The Chittaranjan Seva Sadan for women and children was opened in 1926.{{cn\|~~date~~=~~April~~ 2021}}		Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The [https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html Chittaranjan Seva Sadan] for women and children was opened in 1926 by [[Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html\|title=''Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography: डॉ. बिधान चंद्र राय जीवन परिचय''\|language=Hindi\|author=Sumit Kumar\|publisher=Sumit-Kumar\|year=2021}}</ref>

	In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He acquired air-raid shelters for schools and college students to have their classes in, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.		In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He acquired air-raid shelters for schools and college students to have their classes in, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:47, 1 July 2023
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	Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The [https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html Chittaranjan Seva Sadan] for women and children was opened in 1926 by [[Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Super-Speciality Hospital & Research Centre\|'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''']]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html\|title=''Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography: डॉ. बिधान चंद्र राय जीवन परिचय''\|language=Hindi\|author=Sumit Kumar\|publisher=Sumit-Kumar\|year=2021}}</ref>		Roy believed that [[swaraj]] (the call to action for India's freedom) would remain a dream unless the people were healthy and strong in mind and body. He made contributions to the organisation of medical education. He played an important role in the establishment of the Jadavpur T.B. Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital\|Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital]], [[Victoria Institution (College)\|Victoria Institution (college)]], and [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute\|Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital]]. The [https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html Chittaranjan Seva Sadan] for women and children was opened in 1926 by [[Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Super-Speciality Hospital & Research Centre\|'''Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy''']]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thoughtoftheday98.com/2021/07/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-biography.html\|title=''Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography: डॉ. बिधान चंद्र राय जीवन परिचय''\|language=Hindi\|author=Sumit Kumar\|publisher=Sumit-Kumar\|year=2021}}</ref>

	In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He ~~acquired~~ air-raid shelters for ~~schools~~ and college students to have their classes in, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.		In 1942, Rangoon fell to Japanese bombing and caused an exodus from Calcutta fearing a Japanese invasion. Roy was serving as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta. He arranged for air-raid shelters for school and college students where they could have their classes, and provided relief for students, teachers and employees alike. In recognition for his efforts, the Doctorate of Science was conferred upon him in 1944.

	Roy believed that the youth of India would determine the future of the nation. He felt that the youth must not take part in strikes and fasts but should study and commit themselves to social work. While delivering the Convocation Address at the [[University of Lucknow]] on 15 December 1956, Dr. Roy said:<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/bengal-s-physician-chief-minister-151414.html\|title=Bengal's physician chief minister – The Statesman\|date=30 June 2016\|work=The Statesman\|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|date=November 2010\|title=New Incubators for Tomorrowís Leaders. Convocation Address by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR at Kalyani University\|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k10/csirnews_nov10.pdf\|journal=CSIR Newsletter\|volume=60\|page=258}}</ref><blockquote>My young friends, you are soldiers in the battle of freedom-freedom from want, fear, ignorance, frustration and helplessness. By a dint of hard work for the country, rendered in a spirit of selfless service, may you march ahead with hope and courage...</blockquote>Dr. Roy was both ~~Gandhiji~~'s friend and doctor. When ~~Gandhiji~~ was undertaking a fast in Parnakutivin, Poona in 1933, Dr. Roy attended to him.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|title=Chronology 1933\|website=gandhiserve.org\|access-date=26 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214436/http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|archive-date=26 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gandhiji refused to take medicine on the grounds that it was not made in India~~. Gandhiji~~ asked Dr. Roy, "Why should I take your treatment? Do you treat four hundred ~~million~~ of my countrymen free?" Dr. Roy replied, "No Gandhiji, I could not treat all patients free. But I came... not to treat Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but to treat "him" who to me represents the four hundred million people of my country." Gandhiji relented and took the medicine.		Roy believed that the youth of India would determine the future of the nation. He felt that the youth must not take part in strikes and fasts but should study and commit themselves to social work. While delivering the Convocation Address at the [[University of Lucknow]] on 15 December 1956, Dr. Roy said:<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/bengal-s-physician-chief-minister-151414.html\|title=Bengal's physician chief minister – The Statesman\|date=30 June 2016\|work=The Statesman\|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|date=November 2010\|title=New Incubators for Tomorrowís Leaders. Convocation Address by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR at Kalyani University\|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k10/csirnews_nov10.pdf\|journal=CSIR Newsletter\|volume=60\|page=258}}</ref><blockquote>My young friends, you are soldiers in the battle of freedom - freedom from want,fear, ignorance, frustration and helplessness. By the dint of hard work for the country, rendered in a spirit of selfless service, may you march ahead with hope and courage...</blockquote>Dr. Roy was both Mahatma Gandhi's friend and doctor. When the Mahatma was undertaking a fast in Parnakutivin, [[Pune\|Poona]] in 1933, Dr. Roy attended to him.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|title=Chronology 1933\|website=gandhiserve.org\|access-date=26 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214436/http://gandhiserve.org/information/chronology_1933/chronology_1933.html\|archive-date=26 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gandhiji refused to take medicine on the grounds that it was not made in India and asked Dr. Roy, "Why should I take your treatment? Do you treat four hundred millions of my countrymen free?" Dr. Roy replied, "No Gandhiji, I could not treat all the patients free. But I came ... not to treat Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but to treat "him" who to me represents the four hundred million people of my country." Gandhiji relented and took the medicine.

	Roy entered politics in 1925. He ran for elections from the [[Barrackpore]] Constituency as an independent candidate for the Bengal Legislative Council and defeated the "Grand Old Man of Bengal," [[Surendranath Banerjee]]. Even though an independent, he voted with the [[Swaraj Party]] (the Parliamentary wing of the Congress in the 1920s). As early as 1925, Roy tabled a resolution recommending a study of the causes of pollution in [[Hooghly River\|Hoogly]] and suggested measures to prevent pollution in ~~the~~ future.		Roy entered politics in 1925. He ran for elections from the [[Barrackpore]] Constituency as an independent candidate for the Bengal Legislative Council and defeated the "Grand Old Man of Bengal," [[Surendranath Banerjee]]. Even though an independent, he voted with the [[Swaraj Party]] (the Parliamentary wing of the Congress in the 1920s). As early as 1925, Roy tabled a resolution recommending a study of the causes of pollution in [[Hooghly River\|Hoogly]] and suggested measures to prevent pollution in future.

	Roy was elected to the [[All India Congress Committee]] in 1928. He kept himself away from rivalry and conflicts and made a deep impression on the leaders. Roy efficiently conducted the Civil Disobedience in Bengal in 1929 and prompted [[Pandit Motilal Nehru]] to nominate him Member of the Working Committee ([[Congress Working Committee\|CWC]]) in 1930. The CWC was declared an unlawful assembly and Dr. Roy along with other members of the committee were arrested on 26 August 1930 and detained at [[Alipore Jail\|Alipore Central Jail]].		Roy was elected to the [[All India Congress Committee]] in 1928. He kept himself away from rivalry and conflicts and made a deep impression on the leaders. Roy efficiently conducted the Civil Disobedience Movement in Bengal in 1929 and prompted [[Pandit Motilal Nehru]] to nominate him as a Member of the Working Committee ([[Congress Working Committee\|CWC]]) in 1930. The CWC was declared an unlawful assembly and B.C. Roy along with other members of the committee were arrested on 26 August 1930 and detained at the [[Alipore Jail\|Alipore Central Jail]].

	During the [[Salt March\|Dandi March]] in 1931, many members of the [[Calcutta Corporation]] were imprisoned. Congress requested Roy to remain out of prison and discharge the duties of the Corporation. He served as ~~the~~ [[Alderman]] of the Corporation from 1930–31 and as ~~the~~ Mayor of Calcutta from 1931 to 1933. Under him, the Corporation made ~~leaps~~ in the expansion of free education, free medical aid, better roads, improved lighting, and water supply. He was responsible for setting up a framework for dispensing grant-in-aid to hospitals and charitable dispensaries.		During the [[Salt March\|Dandi March]] in 1931, many members of the [[Calcutta Corporation]] were imprisoned. Congress requested Roy to remain out of prison and discharge the duties of the Corporation. He served as [[Alderman]] of the Corporation from 1930–31 and as Mayor of Calcutta from 1931 to 1933. Under him, the Corporation made exponential progress in the expansion of free education, free medical aid, better roads, improved lighting, and water supply. He was responsible for setting up a framework for dispensing grant-in-aid to hospitals and charitable dispensaries.

	==Post independence==		==Post independence==

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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	~~Bidhan Chandra~~ Roy was born ~~on 1 July 1882~~ to a Bengali Hindu Kayastha Brahmo family in [[Bankipore]] in [[Patna]], ~~where his father~~, Prakash Chandra Roy, ~~served as~~ an ~~excise inspector~~. His grandfather ~~was~~ Prankali Roy, an ~~employee~~ of the collectorate of ~~Baharampur in~~ [[Murshidabad]]. His ~~mother~~, ~~Aghorkamini Devi, was a daughter of~~ Bipin Chandra Basu, a ~~zamindar~~ of Baharampur~~. She was a pious lady and a devoted social worker~~. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>		B. C. Roy was born to a Bengali (বাঙালি) Hindu (হিন্দু) Kayastha (কায়স্থ)-Brahmo (ব্রাহ্ম) family of [[Bankipore]], [[Patna]]. His parents were Aghorekamini Debi, a pious lady, devoted to social work, and Prakash Chandra Roy, an Excise Inspector. On both sides of his family he hailed from the [[Murshidabad]] district of Bengal. His paternal grandfather, Prankali Roy, was an official of the collectorate of [[Murshidabad]] in Baharampur. His maternal grandfather, Bipin Chandra Basu, was a ''Zamindar'' of Murshidabad, also based in Baharampur.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OeXw4AYVusC&pg=PA16\|title = ''Karmajogi Bidhanchandra (Life of Bidhan Chandra Roy)''\|language= Bengali\|author= Nandalal Bhattacharya\|publisher= Grantha-tirtha\|year= 2004\|page= 15 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://evirtualguru.com/biography-of-bharat-ratna-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-complete-biography-for-class-10-class-12-and-graduation-and-other-classes/\|title=Biography of Bharat Ratna "Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy" complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.\|date=1 February 2018\|work=eVirtualGuru\|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>

	Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings ~~– he~~ had 2 sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and 2 brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. ~~Bidhan's parents were~~ ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Bidhan was the youngest of five siblings. He had two sisters, Susharbashini and Sarojini, and two brothers, Subodh and Sadhan. As ardent [[Brahmo Samaj]]ists, his parents led an austere and disciplined life, and devoted their time and money to the service of everyone in need, irrespective of caste or creed.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|title=Dr. B. C. Roy\|last=Thomas\|first=K.P.\|publisher=Atulya Ghosh, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee\|year=1955\|location=Calcutta\|access-date=1 September 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902011916/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/20290/1/2851.pdf\|archive-date=2 September 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel ~~Hindu~~ king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and ~~Aghorkamini~~ supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other ~~poor~~ children~~, mostly orphans~~. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at a young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />		His father, Prakash Chandra was a descendant of the family of [[Pratapaditya\|Maharaja Pradapaditya]], the rebel king of [[Jessore District\|Jessore]], but did not inherit much wealth from his ancestors. He earned a moderate salary for most part of Bidhan's childhood, but he and his wife supported the education and upbringing of both their own children and a number of other orphaned children. The spirit of 'give and take' was inculcated in Bidhan and his siblings at an young age. They were taught and even encouraged to give away what was precious to them, freely and willingly.<ref name=":2" />

	Bidhan ~~studied at~~ [[Patna Collegiate School]] in 1897, and obtained his [[Intermediate of Arts\|I.A.]] degree from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]. He ~~completed his undergraduate studies at [[Patna College]], where he obtained a~~ [[Bachelor of Arts\|B.A.]] degree with honours in [[mathematics]]. After ~~graduating with his bachelor's degree,~~ he applied ~~to undertake~~ postgraduate studies at the [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur\|~~Indian Institute of~~ Engineering ~~Science and Technology~~]] and ~~at the~~ [[Calcutta Medical College]]. His ~~application was accepted by~~ both institutions and he chose to attend the latter. Bidhan ~~left~~ Patna in June 1901 to study at ~~the [[Calcutta~~ Medical College~~]]. While at medical school~~, ~~Bidhan~~ came upon an inscription which read, "Whatever thy hands findeth to do, do it with thy might."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/remembering-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-1021823-2017-07-01\|title=Remembering Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Facts about the doctor who dedicated his life to the profession of medicine\|website=India Today\|date=1 July 2017}}</ref> These words became a lifelong source of inspiration for him.		Bidhan graduated from the [[Patna Collegiate School]] in 1897, and obtained his [[Intermediate of Arts\|I.A.]] degree from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]. He [[Bachelor of Arts\|B.A.]] degree with honours in [[mathematics]] from [[Patna College]]. After graduation he applied for postgraduate studies at the [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur\|Bengal Engineering College]] and [[Calcutta Medical College]]. His applications in both the institutions were accepted and he chose to attend the latter. Bidhan leaving Patna in June 1901 to study for a medical degree. While at Medical College, he came upon an inscription which read, "Whatever thy hands findeth to do, do it with thy might."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/remembering-dr-bidhan-chandra-roy-1021823-2017-07-01\|title=Remembering Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy: Facts about the doctor who dedicated his life to the profession of medicine\|website=India Today\|date=1 July 2017}}</ref> These words became a lifelong source of inspiration for him.

	[[Partition of Bengal (1905)\|Bengal was partitioned]] ~~while Bidhan was in college~~. Opposition to the partition was being organised by such nationalists as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak\|Bal Tilak]] and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. ~~Bidhan~~ resisted the immense pull of the movement. He controlled his emotions and concentrated on his studies, realising that he could serve his nation better by qualifying in his profession first.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bidhan-chandra-roy.html\|title=Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography – Bidhan Chandra Roy Childhood, Life, Profile, Timeline\|website=www.iloveindia.com\|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>		While still in college, Bidhan was drawn by [[Partition of Bengal (1905)\|Bengal was partitioned]]. Opposition to the partition was being organised by such nationalists as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak\|Bal Tilak]] and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. He resisted the immense pull of the movement. He controlled his emotions and concentrated on his studies, realising that he could serve his nation better by qualifying in his profession first.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bidhan-chandra-roy.html\|title=Bidhan Chandra Roy Biography – Bidhan Chandra Roy Childhood, Life, Profile, Timeline\|website=www.iloveindia.com\|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

	Intending to enroll at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] to complete further studies in medicine, Bidhan left for Britain in February 1909 with {{INR}}1200. The then ~~dean~~ of St. Bartholomew's Hospital was reluctant to accept an Asian student and rejected ~~Bidhan's~~ application.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|title=Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy -Biography and Life History {{!}} Great Rulers\|website=greatrulers.com\|access-date=27 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001729/https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|archive-date=28 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roy did not lose heart and submit several additional applications till the ~~dean~~, after 30 admission requests, admitted Bidhan.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/culture/when-indias-national-doctor-was-denied-service-by-an-american-restaurant\|title=When India's 'National Doctor' Was Denied Service By an American Restaurant\|website=The Wire\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> ~~Bidhan~~ completed his studies in only two years and three months, and in May 1911 ~~became~~ a ~~member~~ of the [[Member of the Royal College of Physicians\|Royal College of Physicians]] and a ~~fellow~~ of the [[FRCS (Eng)\|Royal College of Surgeons]] simultaneously (a rare feat). He returned ~~home~~ in 1911.		Intending to enroll at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] to complete further studies in medicine, Bidhan left for Britain in February 1909 with {{INR}}1200. The then Dean of St. Bartholomew's Hospital was reluctant to accept an Asian student and rejected his application.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|title=Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy -Biography and Life History {{!}} Great Rulers\|website=greatrulers.com\|access-date=27 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828001729/https://greatrulers.com/books/dr-bidhan-chandra-roy--biography-and-life-history\|archive-date=28 August 2018\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roy did not lose heart and submit several additional applications till the Dean, after 30 admission requests, admitted Bidhan into his hospital.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/culture/when-indias-national-doctor-was-denied-service-by-an-american-restaurant\|title=When India's 'National Doctor' Was Denied Service By an American Restaurant\|website=The Wire\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> He completed his studies in only two years and three months, and in May 1911 obtained a membership of the [[Member of the Royal College of Physicians\|Royal College of Physicians]] and a fellowship of the [[FRCS (Eng)\|Royal College of Surgeons]] simultaneously, which even then was a rare feat. He returned to India in 1911.

	==Career==		==Career==