Bhumika (film) - Revision history

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	'''''Bhumika''''' (English: Role) is a ~~[[Bollywood films of~~ 1977~~\|1977]]~~ Indian film directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. The film stars [[Smita Patil]], [[Amol Palekar]], [[Anant Nag]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Amrish Puri]].		'''''Bhumika''''' (English: Role) is a 1977 Indian film directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. The film stars [[Smita Patil]], [[Amol Palekar]], [[Anant Nag]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Amrish Puri]].

	The film is broadly based on the Marathi-language memoirs, ''Sangtye Aika'' of the well-known Marathi stage and screen actress of the 1940s [[Hansa Wadkar]], who led a flamboyant and unconventional life, and focuses on an individual's search for identity and self-fulfilment.<ref>[http://www.metroactive.com/metro-santa-cruz/09.05.07/movies-shyambenegal.html Shyam Benegal Retrospective, 2007]</ref> [[Smita Patil]] gives a strong performance of transforming from a vivacious teenager to a wiser but deeply wounded middle-aged woman.		The film is broadly based on the Marathi-language memoirs, ''Sangtye Aika'' of the well-known Marathi stage and screen actress of the 1940s [[Hansa Wadkar]], who led a flamboyant and unconventional life, and focuses on an individual's search for identity and self-fulfilment.<ref>[http://www.metroactive.com/metro-santa-cruz/09.05.07/movies-shyambenegal.html Shyam Benegal Retrospective, 2007]</ref> [[Smita Patil]] gives a strong performance of transforming from a vivacious teenager to a wiser but deeply wounded middle-aged woman.
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	==Plot==		==Plot==
	''Bhumika'' tells the life story of an actress, Usha ([[Smita Patil]]), who is the granddaughter of a famous female singer of the old tradition from the [[Devadasi]] community of Goa. Usha's mother ([[Sulabha Deshpande]]) is married to an abusive and alcoholic ~~Brahmin~~. Following his early death, and over her mother's objections, Usha is taken to Bombay by family hanger-on Keshav Dalvi ([[Amol Palekar]]) to audition successfully as a singer in a Bombay studio: the first step in a process, watched approvingly by Usha's doting grandmother and with horror by her mother, that will eventually carry her to on-camera adolescent stardom, and to an ill-starred love marriage with Keshav. Usha's motives for stubbornly pursuing this relationship (culminating in a pre-marital pregnancy) with the unattractive and much older Keshav — who appears to have lusted after her since childhood — are not spelled out. Presumably, she either feels indebted to him for his loyalty to her family (of which he frequently reminds her) and for her own worldly success; or simply views him as a means to escape her abusive home. She is also a headstrong girl who clearly enjoys her acting career and is bent on challenging her uptight mother (who opposes the match because Keshav does not belong to their caste, just as she opposes cinema itself because of its presumed disreputability).		''Bhumika'' tells the life story of an actress, Usha ([[Smita Patil]]), who is the granddaughter of a famous female singer of the old tradition from the [[Devadasi]] community of Goa. Usha's mother ([[Sulabha Deshpande]]) is married to an abusive and alcoholic man. Following his early death, and over her mother's objections, Usha is taken to Bombay by family hanger-on Keshav Dalvi ([[Amol Palekar]]) to audition successfully as a singer in a Bombay studio: the first step in a process, watched approvingly by Usha's doting grandmother and with horror by her mother, that will eventually carry her to on-camera adolescent stardom, and to an ill-starred love marriage with Keshav. Usha's motives for stubbornly pursuing this relationship (culminating in a pre-marital pregnancy) with the unattractive and much older Keshav — who appears to have lusted after her since childhood — are not spelled out. Presumably, she either feels indebted to him for his loyalty to her family (of which he frequently reminds her) and for her own worldly success; or simply views him as a means to escape her abusive home. She is also a headstrong girl who clearly enjoys her acting career and is bent on challenging her uptight mother (who opposes the match because Keshav does not belong to their caste, just as she opposes cinema itself because of its presumed disreputability).

	Once the two are wed, Usha is shocked to find Keshav continuing to act as her "business manager", arranging starring roles for her opposite heartthrob Rajan ([[Anant Nag]]), who is himself in (unrequited) love with her. Since Keshav's own business is unsuccessful, the family remains entirely dependent on Usha's earnings – a fact that Keshav clearly resents. He thus becomes both a jealous husband with a fragile ego and nasty temper, as well as (in effect) a greedy pimp who compels his wife to take risqué work despite her dislike of her co-star and her protests that she "only wants to be a housewife" now that their daughter has been born. Not surprisingly, the relationship becomes increasingly poisoned, particularly by Keshav's suspicion (fed by star-magazine gossip) that she is having an affair with Rajan, which is partly true. Verbally and physically abused by her husband and periodically obliged to live in a hotel, separated from her daughter and mother, the desperately unhappy actress eventually instigates two unsatisfying liaisons: with the nihilistic and self-centered director Sunil Verma ([[Naseeruddin Shah]]), with whom she plots a double-suicide (which he foils), and then with the wealthy businessman Vinayak Kale ([[Amrish Puri]]), who keeps her as a pampered mistress on his palatial estate. Here Usha briefly finds a kind of "respectability" as a de facto second wife, earning a measure of love and admiration from Kale's mother ([[Dina Pathak]]), son, and bedridden first wife — but (as she learns one day when she tries to take the boy to a nearby fair) at the cost of even the most rudimentary freedom. Unable to abide by Kale's feudal patriarchal rules, she finds her only hope of escape in the intervention of her still-legitimate husband, the hated Keshav, who promptly brings her back to a Bombay festooned with billboards of her own face, and to the same drab hotel and lonely prospects. As Kale's bitter wife remarks to Usha as the latter prepares to leave, "The beds change, the kitchens change. Men's masks change, but men don't change." Usha's daughter, now grown-up, invites Usha to live with her and her husband, but Usha refuses. The movie ends with Usha, alone in her hotel room, receiving a phone call from Rajan.		Once the two are wed, Usha is shocked to find Keshav continuing to act as her "business manager", arranging starring roles for her opposite heartthrob Rajan ([[Anant Nag]]), who is himself in (unrequited) love with her. Since Keshav's own business is unsuccessful, the family remains entirely dependent on Usha's earnings – a fact that Keshav clearly resents. He thus becomes both a jealous husband with a fragile ego and nasty temper, as well as (in effect) a greedy pimp who compels his wife to take risqué work despite her dislike of her co-star and her protests that she "only wants to be a housewife" now that their daughter has been born. Not surprisingly, the relationship becomes increasingly poisoned, particularly by Keshav's suspicion (fed by star-magazine gossip) that she is having an affair with Rajan, which is partly true. Verbally and physically abused by her husband and periodically obliged to live in a hotel, separated from her daughter and mother, the desperately unhappy actress eventually instigates two unsatisfying liaisons: with the nihilistic and self-centered director Sunil Verma ([[Naseeruddin Shah]]), with whom she plots a double-suicide (which he foils), and then with the wealthy businessman Vinayak Kale ([[Amrish Puri]]), who keeps her as a pampered mistress on his palatial estate. Here Usha briefly finds a kind of "respectability" as a de facto second wife, earning a measure of love and admiration from Kale's mother ([[Dina Pathak]]), son, and bedridden first wife — but (as she learns one day when she tries to take the boy to a nearby fair) at the cost of even the most rudimentary freedom. Unable to abide by Kale's feudal patriarchal rules, she finds her only hope of escape in the intervention of her still-legitimate husband, the hated Keshav, who promptly brings her back to a Bombay festooned with billboards of her own face, and to the same drab hotel and lonely prospects. As Kale's bitter wife remarks to Usha as the latter prepares to leave, "The beds change, the kitchens change. Men's masks change, but men don't change." Usha's daughter, now grown-up, invites Usha to live with her and her husband, but Usha refuses. The movie ends with Usha, alone in her hotel room, receiving a phone call from Rajan.
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	[[Category:1977 films]]		[[Category:1977 films]]
	[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]		[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]
	~~[[Category:Hindi-language films]]~~
	[[Category:Indian films]]		[[Category:Indian films]]
	[[Category:Films directed by Shyam Benegal]]		[[Category:Films directed by Shyam Benegal]]

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{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhumika
| image = BhumikaPoster.jpg
| caption = "Bhumika" poster
| director = [[Shyam Benegal]]
| producer = Lalit M. Bijlani Freni Variava
| writer = [[Shyam Benegal]], [[Girish Karnad]], [[Satyadev Dubey]] (dialogue)
| screenplay =
| story = [[Hansa Wadkar]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Sangtye Aika''|Hansa Wadkar}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Smita Patil]] [[Amol Palekar]] [[Anant Nag]]
| music = [[Vanraj Bhatia]] [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]] [[Vasant Dev]] (lyrics)
| cinematography = [[Govind Nihalani]]
| editing = Bhanudas Divakar Ramnik Patel
| distributor = Shemaroo Movies
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|1977|11|11|df=yes|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 142 min.
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Bhumika''''' (English: Role) is a [[Bollywood films of 1977|1977]] Indian film directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. The film stars [[Smita Patil]], [[Amol Palekar]], [[Anant Nag]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Amrish Puri]].

The film is broadly based on the Marathi-language memoirs, ''Sangtye Aika'' of the well-known Marathi stage and screen actress of the 1940s [[Hansa Wadkar]], who led a flamboyant and unconventional life, and focuses on an individual's search for identity and self-fulfilment.<ref>[http://www.metroactive.com/metro-santa-cruz/09.05.07/movies-shyambenegal.html Shyam Benegal Retrospective, 2007]</ref> [[Smita Patil]] gives a strong performance of transforming from a vivacious teenager to a wiser but deeply wounded middle-aged woman.

The film won two [[National Film Awards]] and [[Filmfare Best Movie Award]]. It was invited to [[Carthage Film Festival]] 1978, Chicago Film Festival, where it was awarded the Golden Plaque 1978, and in 1986 it was invited to Festival of Images, Algeria.<ref>[http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/newsmaker/nm66a.htm Shyam Benegal Awards]</ref>

==Plot==
''Bhumika'' tells the life story of an actress, Usha ([[Smita Patil]]), who is the granddaughter of a famous female singer of the old tradition from the [[Devadasi]] community of Goa. Usha's mother ([[Sulabha Deshpande]]) is married to an abusive and alcoholic Brahmin. Following his early death, and over her mother's objections, Usha is taken to Bombay by family hanger-on Keshav Dalvi ([[Amol Palekar]]) to audition successfully as a singer in a Bombay studio: the first step in a process, watched approvingly by Usha's doting grandmother and with horror by her mother, that will eventually carry her to on-camera adolescent stardom, and to an ill-starred love marriage with Keshav. Usha's motives for stubbornly pursuing this relationship (culminating in a pre-marital pregnancy) with the unattractive and much older Keshav — who appears to have lusted after her since childhood — are not spelled out. Presumably, she either feels indebted to him for his loyalty to her family (of which he frequently reminds her) and for her own worldly success; or simply views him as a means to escape her abusive home. She is also a headstrong girl who clearly enjoys her acting career and is bent on challenging her uptight mother (who opposes the match because Keshav does not belong to their caste, just as she opposes cinema itself because of its presumed disreputability).

Once the two are wed, Usha is shocked to find Keshav continuing to act as her "business manager", arranging starring roles for her opposite heartthrob Rajan ([[Anant Nag]]), who is himself in (unrequited) love with her. Since Keshav's own business is unsuccessful, the family remains entirely dependent on Usha's earnings – a fact that Keshav clearly resents. He thus becomes both a jealous husband with a fragile ego and nasty temper, as well as (in effect) a greedy pimp who compels his wife to take risqué work despite her dislike of her co-star and her protests that she "only wants to be a housewife" now that their daughter has been born. Not surprisingly, the relationship becomes increasingly poisoned, particularly by Keshav's suspicion (fed by star-magazine gossip) that she is having an affair with Rajan, which is partly true. Verbally and physically abused by her husband and periodically obliged to live in a hotel, separated from her daughter and mother, the desperately unhappy actress eventually instigates two unsatisfying liaisons: with the nihilistic and self-centered director Sunil Verma ([[Naseeruddin Shah]]), with whom she plots a double-suicide (which he foils), and then with the wealthy businessman Vinayak Kale ([[Amrish Puri]]), who keeps her as a pampered mistress on his palatial estate. Here Usha briefly finds a kind of "respectability" as a de facto second wife, earning a measure of love and admiration from Kale's mother ([[Dina Pathak]]), son, and bedridden first wife — but (as she learns one day when she tries to take the boy to a nearby fair) at the cost of even the most rudimentary freedom. Unable to abide by Kale's feudal patriarchal rules, she finds her only hope of escape in the intervention of her still-legitimate husband, the hated Keshav, who promptly brings her back to a Bombay festooned with billboards of her own face, and to the same drab hotel and lonely prospects. As Kale's bitter wife remarks to Usha as the latter prepares to leave, "The beds change, the kitchens change. Men's masks change, but men don't change." Usha's daughter, now grown-up, invites Usha to live with her and her husband, but Usha refuses. The movie ends with Usha, alone in her hotel room, receiving a phone call from Rajan.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630035750/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Bhumika.html]

==Cast==
* [[Smita Patil]] as Urvashi alias Usha
* [[Amol Palekar]] as Keshav Dalvi
* [[Anant Nag]] as Rajan
* [[Amrish Puri]] as Vinayak Kale
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Sunil Verma
* [[Dina Pathak]] as Mrs. Kale, Vinayak's mother
* [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Film Producer Harilal
* [[Sulabha Deshpande]] as Shanta
* Kiran Vairale as Sushma Dalvi
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as Siddharth Sutar
* [[Benjamin Gilani]] as actor Mohan playing Mughal prince in song 'Saawan ke din aaye'
* Abishek
* Baby Rukhsana as Young Usha
* [[B. V. Karanth]] as Usha's father
* Kusum Deshpande as Shanta's mother
* Rekha Sabnis as Mrs.Yashwant Kale
* Baby Bitto as young Sushma
* [[G. M. Durrani]] as music teacher
* Sudarshan Dheer as dance director (he is also the choreographer of this movie)
* Master Abhitab as Dinu
* Sunila Pradhan as actress Ms.Bala the 'Princess'
* [[Om Puri]] as stage actor as 'Evil king'
* Savita Bajaj as Basanti

==Production==
The film was based on autobiography of the doyenne of Marathi theatre and cinema Hansa Wadkar during the 1940s and 50s. The biography was told to journalist Arun Sadhu, who used the title of the hit musical, ''Sangtye Aika'' (1959) or " "Listen, and I'll Tell."<ref>{{cite web | title = Bhumika – Film (Movie) Plot and Review|work=Film Reference| url = http://www.filmreference.com/Films-Bh-Bo/Bhumika.html | access-date = 27 September 2014 }}</ref>

The film was set in Maharashtra region. Benegal's previous films were based in Andhra region, and since he was unfamiliar with the region, he roped in screenwriter and playwright [[Girish Karnad]] to co-write the script. Another noted theatre director and playwright [[Satyadev Dubey]] wrote the dialogues. The story moves back and forth across flashbacks to the early life of Wadkar. Apart from the non-linear narrative, the film also employed the [[film within a film]] device.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web | title = Bhumika (1977)|work=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bhumika-1977/article6221624.ece |date=17 July 2014| access-date = 27 September 2014 | first = Anuj | last = Kumar }}</ref>

Lead actress, a 22-year-old Smita Patil still new to the medium, found the role daunting initially, yet as the filming progress, playing the multi-layered character, she found not only her space the industry and went to win the Best Actress Award for her performance, and today it is considered one of the best performances of her career.<ref name=hindu/><ref>{{cite web | title = 'Hansa Wadkar' is the most difficult film I have done so far: Smita Patil|work= India Today| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/smita-patil-in-shyam-benegal-film-hansa-wadkar/1/160599.html |author=Vaiju Mahindroo|date= 19 November 2011 |access-date = 27 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/14slide1.htm|title=The Best of Smita Patil – Bhumika|work=Rediff.com|author1=Dinesh Raheja|author-link=Dinesh Raheja|author2=Jitendra Kothari|access-date=1 December 2012}}</ref>

==Crew==
*''Director'' : [[Shyam Benegal]]
*''Producer'' : Lalit M. Bijlani, Bhisham M. Bijlani, Freni Variava, Silloo F. Variava
*''Writer'' : Hansa Wadkar (based on Marathi novel "Sangtye Aika")
*''Screenplay'' : [[Shyam Benegal]], [[Girish Karnad]], [[Satyadev Dubey]]
*''Dialogues'' : [[Satyadev Dubey]]
*''Cinematographer'' : [[Govind Nihalani]]
*''Editor'' : Bhanudas Divakar, Ramnik Patel
*''Costume Designer'' : [[Kalpana Lajmi]]
*''Choreographer'' : Sudarshan Dheer

==Music==

The song 'Baju re Mondar' is sung by two stalwart vocalists of Hindustani classical music, Saraswati Rane daughter of Ustad Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana gharana and Meena Fatherpekar her grand daughter.

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =

| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music = [[Vanraj Bhatia]]

| title1 = Baaju Re Mondar Baaju Re
| note1 = Part 1
| writer1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Vasant Dev]]
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Saraswati Rane]], Meena Fatharpekar
| length1 =

| title2 = Ghat Ghat Mein Ram Ramaiya
| note2 =
| writer2 =
| lyrics2 = Vasant Dev
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[Firoz Dastur]]
| length2 =

| title3 = Mera Ziskila Balam Na Aaya
| note3 =
| writer3 =
| lyrics3 = Vasant Dev
| music3 =
| extra3 = [[Preeti Sagar]]
| length3 =

| title4 = Meri Zindagi Ki Kashti Tere
| note4 =
| writer4 =
| lyrics4 = Vasant Dev
| music4 =
| extra4 = Chandru Aatma
| length4 =

| title5 = Saawan Ke Din Aaye Sajanwa Aan Milo
| note5 =
| writer5 =
| lyrics5 = [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
| music5 =
| extra5 = [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], [[Preeti Sagar]]
| length5 =

| title6 = Tumhare Bina Jee Na Laage Ghar Mein
| note6 =
| writer6 =
| lyrics6 = Vasant Dev
| music6 =
| extra6 = [[Preeti Sagar]]
| length6 =
}}

==Awards and nominations==
{{awards table}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[25th National Film Awards|1977]]
| [[Smita Patil]]<ref name=NFA>{{cite web|title=25th National Film Awards|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm25NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=25th_nff.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 November 2012|pages=6–7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130000902/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm25NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=25th_nff.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Satyadev Dubey]], [[Shyam Benegal]], [[Girish Karnad]]<ref name=NFA/>
| [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|1978
| Lalit M. Bijlani, Freni Variava
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Smita Patil]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==Trivia==

In scene after the marriage of Usha and Keshav, the song 'Ek bangla bane nyara' from movie [[President (1937 film)]] sung by K.L. Saigal plays in the background.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0075747}}
* {{Youtube|QgT-F4-I8fY|''Bhumika'' Shemaroo Movies channel}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFilm 1971–1990}}
{{Shyam Benegal}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1970s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shyam Benegal]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actress National Award-winning performance]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about actors]]
[[Category:Films based on biographies]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]]
[[Category:1970s biographical films]]