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{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}

{{infobox book
| name = भृङ्गदूतम्
| title_orig = Bhṛṅgadūtam
| translator =
| image = Ramabhadracharya Works - Bhrngadutam (2004).jpg
| caption= Cover page of Bhṛṅgadūtam, first edition
| author = [[Rambhadracharya|Jagadguru Rambhadracharya]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| series =
| subject =
| genre = Dūtakāvya (Messenger Poetry)
| publisher = Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University
| pub_date = 30 August 2004
| media_type = Print (Paperback)
| pages = 197 pp ''(first edition)''
| oclc =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
{{Rambhadracharya sidebar}}
'''''Bhṛṅgadūtam''''' ({{langx|sa|भृङ्गदूतम्}}) (2004), literally ''The bumblebee messenger'', is a [[Sanskrit]] minor poem (Khaṇḍakāvya) of the Dūtakāvya (messenger-poem) genre composed by [[Rambhadracharya|Jagadguru Rambhadracharya]] (1950–). The poem consists of 501 verses in the [[Mandākrāntā]] metre divided in two parts. Set in the context of the [[Ramayana#Kishkindha Kanda|Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa]] of [[Rāmāyaṇa]], the poem describes the message sent via a bumblebee by [[Rāma]], spending the four months of the rainy season on the Pravarṣaṇa mountain in Kiṣkindhā, to [[Sītā]], held captive by [[Rāvaṇa]] in [[Lanka|Laṅkā]].

A copy of the poem, with the ''Guñjana'' [[Hindi]] commentary by the poet himself, was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakuta]], Uttar Pradesh. The book was released on 30 August 2004.<ref>Rambhadracharya 2004</ref>

==Narrative==
[[Image:Rama Lakshmana Pravashana.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa on mount Pravarṣaṇa, the setup of Bhṛṅgadūtam]]
[[Image:PlacesRelatedToRama.JPG|left|thumb|200px|The path of the bumblebee in Bhṛṅgadūtam goes through all the places associated with the Rāmāyaṇa.]]
Like [[Meghaduta|Meghadūtam]] of [[Kālidāsa]], Bhṛṅgadūtam is divided in two parts. The first part is titled Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ (literally, ''the earlier journey of the bumblebee'') and consists of 251 verses. The second path is titled Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ (meaning ''the later journey of the bumblebee'') and is composed of 250 verses. The actual message from Rāma is contained in 174 verses (2.71–2.245) of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ.

===Part I: Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ===

One day while residing on the Pravarṣaṇa mountain with [[Lakshmana|Lakṣmaṇa]], Rāma comes to a lake to perform the morning [[Sandhyavandanam|Sandhyā]]. After the ritual, Rāma chooses a bumblebee (''Bhṛṅga''), a manifestation of his mind, as his messenger (''Dūta'') to Sītā. Rāma asks the bumblebee to have a pilgrimage of the pure land of [[Bhārat Gaṇarājya|Bhārata]], before embarking on his journey to Laṅkā, saying the pilgrimage of this holy land absolves one of all sins. He asks the bumblebee to first visit [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithilā]], to take some dust for Sītā from her birthplace. After seeing all the vividly described people and places of Mithilā related to the events in the [[Ramayana#Bala Kanda|Bālakāṇḍa]] of Rāmāyaṇa, the bumblebee is instructed to see all the rivers, hermitages and forests en route to [[Ayodhya|Ayodhyā]], which are described in detail by the poet. In 75 verses, various places and people of Ayodhyā are described, and the bumblebee is asked to bow to each one of them. Then after seeing [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]] and [[Shatrughna|Śatrughna]] performing penance with their wives in Nandigrāma, the bumblebee is asked to fly over the route of Rāma's journey to Citrakūṭa as described in the [[Ramayana#Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa|Ayodhyākāṇḍa]] – the Śṛṅgaverapura kingdom of Guha; the confluence of the rivers [[Ganges|Gaṅgā]], [[Yamuna|Yamunā]] and [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvatī]] at [[Allahabad|Prayāgarāja]]; and finally Citrakūṭa are described in detail. The Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ ends with the bumblebee asked to depart southwards from Citrakūṭa.

===Part II: Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ===

In the initial part of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ, the places of the events starting from [[Ramayana#Aranya Kanda|Araṇyakāṇḍa]] are described. The poet presents the narrative of Rāmāyaṇa along with the directions Rāma gives to the bumblebee for his. The hermitages of various sages, whom Sītā, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa met, are first described, leading to the banks of the river [[Godavari River|Godāvarī]]. The bumblebee is then instructed to see the locations of [[Jatayu|Jaṭayū]]'s liberation and the [[Ashram|Āśrama]] of [[Shabari|Śramaṇā]] (the Śabarī woman). The locations of [[Ramayana#Kishkindha Kanda|Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa]] come next – the description of the Ṛṣyamūka mountain, (where [[Hanuman|Hanumān]] and Rāma met) and other places in [[Kishkindha|Kiṣkindhā]]. Then the bumblebee is asked to fly further south over the kingdoms of [[Karnataka|Karṇāṭaka]], [[Andhra Pradesh|Āndhra]], [[Tamil Nadu|Madra]] and [[Kerala]] to Laṅkā. The bumblebee is asked to recognise Sītā in Laṅkā by her emaciated and weakened, yet lustrous, appearance.

The message for Sītā, to be delivered by the bumblebee, starts at verse 71 of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ. The message first describes the pathos of separation. This is followed by an assurance about Rāma heroism, which will convince Sītā to hold on to her life till Hanumān arrives to Laṅkā with another message and a ring from Rāma. The message ends at verse 244 of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ, and the poem ends in the next six verses.

==Poetic features==

===Play on Sanskrit grammar===

The work has several verses which deal with Sanskrit etymology, wherein the composer poetically explains derivations of names of characters and places of the Ramāyaṇa. Some examples are –

Two origins of the word [[Urmila (Ramayana)|Ūrmilā]] and how they fit the character of Ūrmilā (1.120)

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
नो निर्वाति क्षणमपि सखेऽद्यापि नीराजनास्याः <br/>
सत्याब्राह्मीस्थितिरिव सतो लक्ष्मणप्राणिकायाः । <br/>
ऊर्मीर्लान्ती दयितजलधौ राम भक्तेर्लुनन्ती <br/>
कूर्मीः क्रूराः भवभयभृतामूर्मिलेवोर्मिलैव ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
no nirvāti kṣaṇamapi sakhe'adyāpi nīrājanāsyāḥ <br/>
satyābrāhmīsthitiriva sato lakṣmaṇaprāṇikāyāḥ । <br/>
ūrmīrlāntī dayitajaladhau rāma bhakterlunantī <br/>
kūrmīḥ krūrāḥ bhavabhayabhṛtāmūrmilevormilaiva ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

The derivation (''Prakriyā'') of the word Lakṣmaṇa, and how it is apt for the character of Lakṣmaṇa (1.121) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
आरार्तिक्यं तव विगणयन्हर्तुमार्तिं जनानां <br/>
सेवालक्ष्ये धृतशुचिमना लक्ष्मणोऽन्वर्थनामा । <br/>
सम्प्रत्येश्यन्मयि च मनसो लोपयित्वानुबन्धं <br/>
संज्ञासिद्धिं स्वभजनबहुव्रीहिकारं चकार ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
ārārtikyaṃ tava vigaṇayanhartumārtiṃ janānāṃ <br/>
sevālakṣye dhṛtaśucimanā lakṣmaṇo'anvarthanāmā । <br/>
sampratyeśyanmayi ca manaso lopayitvānubandhaṃ <br/>
saṃjñāsiddhiṃ svabhajanabahuvrīhikāraṃ cakāra ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

Suggestion of alternate names apt for Nandigrāma (1.153) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
क्रन्दिग्रामः किमु न करुणैः क्रन्दितै रामबन्धो- <br/>
र्वन्दिग्रामः किमु न चरितैर्माण्डवीजानिगीतैः । <br/>
स्यन्दिग्रामो भरतनयनस्यन्दिभिः किं न नीरै- <br/>
र्नन्दिग्रामः प्रति विदधते चित्रमुत्प्रेक्षितानि ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
krandigrāmaḥ kimu na karuṇaiḥ kranditai rāmabandho- <br/>
rvandigrāmaḥ kimu na caritairmāṇḍavījānigītaiḥ । <br/>
syandigrāmo bharatanayanasyandibhiḥ kiṃ na nīrai- <br/>
rnandigrāmaḥ prati vidadhate citramutprekṣitāni ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

The meaning and Prakriyā of the word Gaṅgā, and how the name is apt for the name of the river (1.196) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
त्रातुं जीवान्प्रकृतिकुटिलान्घोरसंसारसिन्धो- <br/>
र्या कौटिल्यं श्रयति गमनेऽप्यङ्गगङ्गन्ति गां च । <br/>
डित्सामर्थ्याद्भमभिदधती प्रत्ययं नानुबन्धं <br/>
गङ्गेत्याख्यानुगुणचरिता जुष्टपार्षोदरादिः ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
trātuṃ jīvānprakṛtikuṭilānghorasaṃsārasindho- <br/>
ryā kauṭilyaṃ śrayati gamaneऽpyaṅgagaṅganti gāṃ ca । <br/>
ḍitsāmarthyādbhamabhidadhatī pratyayaṃ nānubandhaṃ <br/>
gaṅgetyākhyānuguṇacaritā juṣṭapārṣodarādiḥ ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

Four origins of the word Grāma, and how they suit the village of Guha (1.202) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
ग्रामो रामो गत इत अतो ग्रामनामा सुधामा <br/>
ग्रामो रामप्रतिमवपुषा श्यामशस्येन ग्रामः । <br/>
ग्रामो रामामितगुणगणो गीयतेऽस्मिंस्ततोऽयं <br/>
ग्रामो रामो रम इह मतो विग्रहैर्वेदसञ्ज्ञैः ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
grāmo rāmo gata ita ato grāmanāmā sudhāmā <br/>
grāmo rāmapratimavapuṣā śyāmaśasyena grāmaḥ । <br/>
grāmo rāmāmitaguṇagaṇo gīyateऽsmiṃstatoऽyaṃ <br/>
grāmo rāmo rama iha mato vigrahairvedasañjñaiḥ ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

Three origins for the word Kāmada, and how they fit the Citrakūṭa mountain (1.247) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
कं ब्रह्माणं मधुमथनमं मं महेशं नियच्छ- <br/>
न्यच्छन्नृभ्यो मदमलपदाम्भोजसेवैकसेवाम् । <br/>
द्यन्वै कामं शुभगुणहरं शात्रवं सज्जनानां <br/>
भूतार्थे नोल्लसति ललितः कामदः कामदेन ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
kaṃ brahmāṇaṃ madhumathanamaṃ maṃ maheśaṃ niyaccha- <br/>
nyacchannṛbhyo madamalapadāmbhojasevaikasevām । <br/>
dyanvai kāmaṃ śubhaguṇaharaṃ śātravaṃ sajjanānāṃ <br/>
bhūtārthe nollasati lalitaḥ kāmadaḥ kāmadena ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

How the [[Sanskrit compounds|Samāsa]] ''Sītārāma'' is both ''Samānādhikaraṇa'' and ''Vyadhikaraṇa'' (2.234) –

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]]<br>
दम्पत्योर्नौ विलसतितमां रूपतश्चात्रभेदो <br/>
भावो भामे भुवनभवनौ विद्युदब्दोपमानौ । <br/>
सीतारामाविति समुदितौ द्वन्द्वरीत्या नृलोके <br/>
सीतारामो व्यधिकरणतस्तत्पुमान्वा समानः ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]]<br>
dampatyornau vilasatitamāṃ rūpataścātrabhedo <br/>
bhāvo bhāme bhuvanabhavanau vidyudabdopamānau । <br/>
sītārāmāviti samuditau dvandvarītyā nṛloke <br/>
sītārāmo vyadhikaraṇatastatpumānvā samānaḥ ॥ <br/>
</div>
{{col-end}}
</blockquote>

==Comparison with other Sanskrit Dūtakāvyas==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:centr;"
|+ Some features of the epic compared with previous Dūtakāvyas
|-
| scope="row" | Poem
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" | Metre
! scope="col" | Parts
! scope="col" | Verses (poem)
! scope="col" | Verses (message)
! scope="col" | Messenger
! scope="col" | Sender
! scope="col" | Recipient
! scope="col" | Messenger's journey
|-
! scope="row" | Meghadūtam
| Kālidāsa
| Mandākrāntā
| 2
| 114
| 12
| A cloud
| An unnamed [[Yaksha|Yakṣa]]
| An unnamed Yakṣī
| Rāmādri to [[Kailash|Kailāsa]] (Central and Northern India)
|-
! scope="row" | [[Hamsa-Sandesha|Haṃsasandeśaḥ]]
| [[Vedanta Desika|Vedāntadeśikācārya]]
| Mandākrāntā
| 2
| 110
| 16
| A swan
| Rāma
| Sītā
| [[Pampa Sarovar|Pampā]] lake to Laṅkā (Southern India)
|-
! scope="row" | [[Haṃsadūta]]m
| [[Rupa Goswami|Śrīla Rūpagosvāmī]]
| Śikhariṇī
| 1
| 142
| 75
| A swan
| Lalitā, a companion of [[Radha|Rādhā]]
| [[Krishna|Kṛṣṇa]]
| Vraja to [[Mathura|Mathurā]] (Northern India)
|-
! scope="row" | Bhṛṅgadūtam
| Rāmabhadrācārya
| Mandākrāntā
| 2
| 501
| 174
| A bumblebee
| Rāma
| Sītā
| Pravarṣaṇa to Laṅkā, via Mithilā, Ayodhyā, Citrakūṭa and [[Dandakaranya|Daṇḍakāraṇya]] (Northern, Central and Southern India)
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{cite book | title = Bhṛṅgadūtam (Saṃskṛta Khaṇḍakāvyam) |trans-title=Bhṛṅgadūtam (A Sanskrit minor poem) | first=Swami | last=Rambhadracharya | author-link=Jagadguru Rambhadracharya | publisher=Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Vikalang Vishvavidyalaya | place=Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India | date=30 August 2004 }}

==External links==
* [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/pdfs/JR2004Bhrngadutam.pdf A Sanskrit only manuscript of the work]
* [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/pdfs/JR2004BhrngadutamErrata.pdf A list of errata in the published version]

{{Jagadguru Rambhadracharya}}

[[Category:21st-century Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poetry]]
[[Category:Works by Rambhadracharya]]

Bhringadutam - Revision history

JohannaBuckley: made initial stub w/ infobox