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		<updated>2023-07-31T12:41:32Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:11, 31 July 2023&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| lon_deg = 75.304&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| lon_deg = 75.304&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kamāl sūtunlar 2018.jpg|thumb|Dhār, Madhya Pradesh. Pillars arcade in Kamāl Maula looking south. The pillars and other architectural parts date to the 12th century, with the different designs showing they are re-cycled from a variety of buildings.]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{stack end}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{stack end}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojshala&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[IAST]]: Bhojaśālā, sometimes Bhoj Shala, meaning &amp;#039;Hall of Bhoja&amp;#039;) is an historic building located in [[Dhar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. The name is derived from the celebrated king [[Bhoja]] of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramāra dynasty]] of [[central India]], a patron of education and the arts, to whom major Sanskrit works on poetics, [[yoga]] and architecture are attributed.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt; The term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojashala&amp;#039;&amp;#039; became linked to the building in the early 20th century; the architectural parts of the structure itself date mainly to the 12th century, with the Islamic tombs in the campus added between the 14th and 15th century.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=129–153 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojshala&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[IAST]]: Bhojaśālā, sometimes Bhoj Shala, meaning &amp;#039;Hall of Bhoja&amp;#039;) is an historic building located in [[Dhar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. The name is derived from the celebrated king [[Bhoja]] of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramāra dynasty]] of [[central India]], a patron of education and the arts, to whom major Sanskrit works on poetics, [[yoga]] and architecture are attributed.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt; The term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojashala&amp;#039;&amp;#039; became linked to the building in the early 20th century; the architectural parts of the structure itself date mainly to the 12th century, with the Islamic tombs in the campus added between the 14th and 15th century.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=129–153 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>Delinker</name></author>
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		<title>&gt;Shyamsunder: added Category:Tourist attractions in Dhar district using HotCat</title>
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		<updated>2020-12-20T11:19:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Dhar_district&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Category:Tourist attractions in Dhar district (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Category:Tourist attractions in Dhar district&lt;/a&gt; using &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:HC&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wp:HC&quot;&gt;HotCat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{stack begin | float = right}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Location map | India Madhya Pradesh&lt;br /&gt;
| alt  = Bhojshala, Dhar&lt;br /&gt;
| float = right&lt;br /&gt;
| caption =&lt;br /&gt;
| label = Bhojshala, Madhya Pradesh&lt;br /&gt;
| lat_deg = 22.598&lt;br /&gt;
| lon_deg = 75.304&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kamāl sūtunlar 2018.jpg|thumb|Dhār, Madhya Pradesh. Pillars arcade in Kamāl Maula looking south. The pillars and other architectural parts date to the 12th century, with the different designs showing they are re-cycled from a variety of buildings.]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{stack end}}&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojshala&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[IAST]]: Bhojaśālā, sometimes Bhoj Shala, meaning &amp;#039;Hall of Bhoja&amp;#039;) is an historic building located in [[Dhar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. The name is derived from the celebrated king [[Bhoja]] of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramāra dynasty]] of [[central India]], a patron of education and the arts, to whom major Sanskrit works on poetics, [[yoga]] and architecture are attributed.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt; The term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojashala&amp;#039;&amp;#039; became linked to the building in the early 20th century; the architectural parts of the structure itself date mainly to the 12th century, with the Islamic tombs in the campus added between the 14th and 15th century.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=129–153 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bhojshala is presently an archaeological site under the protection of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], but over the last century it has become a site disputed between Hindus and Muslims. The exploration of the location since the 19th century has yielded information on medieval religions particularly of [[Hinduism]] and [[Jainism]]. The general precinct around the Bhojshala is also the location of four Sufi tombs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Ahmad Nabi Khan|title=Islamic Architecture in South Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2tQAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-579065-8|pages=175–176}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[hypostyle]] hall was built primarily from temple pillars and parts around 1390 CE, while the original tomb of Kamal al-Din Malawi (c. 1238-1330) is older.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Willis 2012 134–135&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=134–135 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}, Quote: &amp;quot;Next to the tomb is a spacious hypostyle mosque built primarily of reused temple parts (Fig. 3).&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Muslims use the building for Friday prayers and [[Islam]]ic festivals, while the Hindus pray on Tuesday. The Hindus also seek to pray to goddess Sarasvatī at the site on [[Vasant Panchami]] festival, and this been a source of Hindu-Muslim tension when Vasant Panchami falls on a Friday.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Manohar&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author1=Rajendra Vora|author2=Anne Feldhaus|title=Region, Culture, and Politics in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kg2KAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Manohar|isbn=978-81-7304-664-3|pages=327–329}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Indore celebrates Basant Panchmi&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indore-celebrates-basant-panchmi/articleshow/56924412.cms Indore celebrates Basant Panchmi], The Times of India, February 2, 2017&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;indiatoday2016&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History: King Bhoja==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Raja Bhoj Statue on Upper Lake, Bhopal..JPG|thumb|Raja Bhoj Statue on Upper Lake, Bhopal.]]&lt;br /&gt;
King [[Bhoja]], who ruled between &amp;#039;&amp;#039;circa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 1000 and 1055 in central India, is considered an exceptional king in the Indian tradition.&amp;lt;ref name=willis130&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=129–131 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He was a celebrated patron of arts, and out of reverence for him, Hindu scholars that followed traditionally attributed a large number of Sanskrit works on philosophy, astronomy, grammar medicine, yoga, architecture and other subjects to him. Of these, a well studied and influential text in the field of poetics is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Śṛṅgaraprakāśa&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=willis130/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Venkatarama Raghavan, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhoja’s Śṛṅgaraprakāśa&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3rd rev. ed. (Madras, 1940).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The core premise of the work is that [[Sringara]] is the fundamental and motivating impulse in the universe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Along with his literary and art support, Bhoja began constructing a [[Shiva]] temple at [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]]. If it had been completed to the extent he planned, the temple would have been double the size of the Hindu temples at the [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments]]. The temple was partially completed, and the epigraphical evidence confirms that Bhoja founded and built Hindu temples.&amp;lt;ref name=willis130/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of Bhoja&amp;#039;s successors was king [[Arjunavarman]] (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;circa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 1210-15). He and many others, in Hindu and Jain traditions, held Bhoja in such high regard that they stated or were revered as a reincarnation (rebirth) of Bhoja or Bhoja-like ruler.&amp;lt;ref name=willis130/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;E. Hultzsch, ‘Dhar Prasasti of Arjunavarman: Parijatamanjari-Natika by Mandana’, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Epigraphica Indica&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 8 (1905-06): 96-122.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Centuries later, Bhoja remained a revered figure as evidenced by Merutuṅga&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Prabandha-Chintamani|Prabandhacintāmaṇi]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; completed in the fourteenth century,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;C. H. Tawney, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Prabandhacintāmaṇi or Wishing-stone of Narratives&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Calcutta, 1901)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Ballāla&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhojaprabandha&amp;#039;&amp;#039; composed at [[Varanasi]] in the 17th century.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Louis Herbert Gray|Louis H. Gray]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Narrative of Bhoja (Bhojaprabandha)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, American Oriental Series, vol. 34 (New Haven, 1950).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This tradition continued, and in the 20th century, Hindu scholars described Bhoja as an example of the glorious past of their historic culture and a part of Hindu identity.&amp;lt;ref name=willis130/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;K. K. Munshi, ed. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Śṛṅgāramañjarīkathā&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Siṅghī Jaina granthamālā, no. 30 (Bombay, 1959): 90.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, [[Bhopal]], is named after him, i.e. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhoj-pāl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; but some trace the name to &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bhūpāla&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a Sanskrit word meaning king, literally, &amp;#039;Protector of the Earth.&amp;#039; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Swati Mitra|title=Pachmarhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1B4rvdpvS7YC&amp;amp;pg=PA71|year=2009|publisher=Goodearth Publications|isbn=978-81-87780-95-3|page=71}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Dhār and Inscriptions in the Bhojaśālā==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Dhar inscription at KM.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|One of the serpentine inscriptions found by K. K. Lele at Kamāl Maula]]&lt;br /&gt;
The archaeological sites at Dhār, especially the inscriptions, attracted the early attention of colonial Indologists and historians. [[John Malcolm]] mentioned Dhār in 1822, along with building projects such as the dams planned and completed by King Bhoja.&amp;lt;ref name=willis136/&amp;gt; The scholarly study on the inscriptions of Bhojśālā continued in the late nineteenth century with the efforts of [[Bhau Daji]] in 1871.&amp;lt;ref name=willis136/&amp;gt; A fresh page was turned in 1903 when K. K. Lele, Superintendent of Education in the Princely State of Dhār, reported a number of Sanskrit and Prakrit inscriptions in the walls and floor of the pillared hall at Kamāl Maula.&amp;lt;ref name=willis141&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=141–143 with footnotes | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Study of the inscriptions has been continued by various scholars to the present. The variety and size of the inscribed tablets at the site, among them two serpentine inscriptions giving grammatical rules of the [[Sanskrit]] language, show that materials were brought from a wide area and a number of different structures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Rāüla vela&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of Roḍa===&lt;br /&gt;
[[John Malcolm]] mentioned that he removed an inscribed panel from the Kamāl Maula. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;John Malcolm, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;A Memoir of Central India including Malwa, and Adjoining Provinces&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (London, 1823). First published in Calcutta in 1821 then revised and expanded in two volumes for publication in London in 1823.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This appears to be the [[Rāüla vela of Roḍa]], a unique poetic work in the earliest forms of Hindi. This inscription was kept first in [[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai]] and was later transferred to the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]] in Mumbai.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Harivallabh Chunilal Bhayani, Rāula-vela of Roḍa: a rare poem of c. twelfth century in early Indo-Aryan (Ahmedabad: Parshva Prakashan, 1994).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kūrmaśataka&amp;#039;&amp;#039;===&lt;br /&gt;
Among the inscriptions found by K. K. Lele was a tablet with a series of verses in [[Prakrit]] praising the [[Kurma|Kūrma]] or Tortoise incarnation of the god [[Vishnu|Viṣṇu]]. The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kūrmaśataka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is attributed to king [[Bhoja]] but the palaeography of the record itself suggests that this copy was engraved in the twelfth or thirteenth century. The text was published by Richard Pischel in 1905–06, with a new version and translation appearing in 2003 by V. M. Kularni.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;R. Pischel, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Epigraphia Indica&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 8 (1905-06); V. M. Kulkarni, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kūrmaśatakadvayam: two Prakrit poems on tortoise who supports the earth&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, 2003).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The inscription is currently on display inside the building.&lt;br /&gt;
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===The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vijayaśrīnāṭikā&amp;#039;&amp;#039;===&lt;br /&gt;
Another inscription found by K. K. Lele is part of a drama called &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vijayaśrīnāṭikā&amp;#039;&amp;#039; composed by Madana. The preceptor of king [[Arjunavarman]], Madana bore the title &amp;#039;Bālasarasvatī&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;S. K. Dikshit, ed., &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pārijātamañjarī alias Vijayaśrī by Rāja-Guru Madana alias Bāla-Sarasvatī&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Bhopal, 1968). Available online, see: Dikshit, S. K. (1963). Pārijātamañjarī alias Vijayaśrī by Rāja-Guru Madana alias Bāla-Sarasvatī. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.375588.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The inscription reports that the play was performed before Arjunavarman in the temple of [[Sarasvatī]]. This suggests that the inscription could have come from the site of a Sarasvatī temple.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zafar Hasan, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;EIM&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1909-10): 13-14, pl. II, no. 2; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1971-72): 81, no. D. 73.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The inscription is currently on display inside the building.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Grammatical inscriptions===&lt;br /&gt;
The building also contains two serpentine grammatical inscriptions. These records prompted K. K. Lele to describe the building as the Bhojśālā or Hall of Bhoja because king Bhoja was the author of a number of works on poetics and grammar, among them the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Necklace of Sarasvatī&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;R. Birwé, ‘Nārāyaṇa Daṇḍanātha&amp;#039;s Commentary on Rules III.2, 106-121 of Bhoja&amp;#039;s Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa’, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of the American Oriental Society&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 84 (1964): 150-62; the poetic text with this title, rather than the grammatical one, has been published as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇam of King Bhoja&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3 vols., ed. and trans., Sundari Siddhartha (Delhi, 2009) {{ISBN|978-81-208-3284-8}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The term Bhojaśālā was taken up by C. E. Luard and published in his &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gazetteer&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of 1908 although Luard noted that it was a misnomer.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;C. E. Luard, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Western States (Mālwā). Gazetteer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 2 parts. The Central India State Gazetteer Series, vol. 5 (Bombay, 1908): part A, pp. 494-500.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That the term Bhojśālā is due to Lele is shown by the writing of William Kincaid, in his &amp;quot;Rambles among Ruins in Central India,&amp;quot; published in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Indian Antiquary,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in 1888. This makes no mention of the term Bhojśālā, noting only the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Akl ka kua&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;quot;Well of Wisdom&amp;quot; in front of the tomb of Kamāl al-Dīn. Kincaid was a cynical observer but in any case the absence of the term Bhojśālā in his text indicates was &amp;quot;no living tradition about the Bhojālā in the middle decades of the nineteenth century&amp;quot; among those with whom he interacted.&amp;lt;ref name=willis136&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Willis | first=Michael | title=Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=22 | issue=1 | year=2012 | pages=136–138 | doi=10.1017/s1356186312000041 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1154197 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Sarasvatī==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|thumb|Goddess Ambikā from Dhār, whose inscription mentions Vāgdevī. The sculpture was found at the site of the City Palace, [[Dhar]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
After Lele and Luard had identified the Bhojaśālā with the Kamāl Maula, O. C. Gangoly and K. N. Dikshit published [[Ambika Statue from Dhar|an inscribed sculpture]] in the British Museum, announcing that it was Rāja Bhoja&amp;#039;s Sarasvatī from Dhār.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;O. C. Gangoly and K. N. Dikshit, ‘An Image of Saraswati in the British Museum’, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Rūpam&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 17 (January, 1924): 1-2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This analysis was broadly accepted and had a significant impact. The statue in the British Museum was often identified as Bhoja&amp;#039;s Sarasvatī in the years that followed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;These mis-identifications are traced in M. Willis, &amp;quot;Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: From Indology to Political Mythology and Back,&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Corrected online version available here: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1154197&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The inscription on the sculpture mentions king Bhoja and Vāgdevī, another name for Sarasvatī.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt; However, later study of the inscription by Indian scholars of Sanskrit and Prakrit languages, notably [[Harivallabh Bhayani]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kirit Mankodi, ‘A Paramāra Sculpture in the British Museum: Vāgdevī or Yakshī Ambikā?’, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sambodhi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 9 (1980-81): 96-103.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; demonstrated that inscription records the making of a sculpture of [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambikā]] after the making of three Jinas and Vāgdevī.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;M. Willis. &amp;quot;New Discoveries from Old Finds: A Jain Sculpture in the British Museum,&amp;quot; CoJS Newsletter 6 (2011): 34-36, available online: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544721&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In other words, although Vāgdevī is mentioned, the inscription&amp;#039;s main purpose is to record the making of an image of Ambikā, i.e. the sculpture on which the record is incised.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;M. Willis. &amp;quot;New Discoveries from Old Finds: A Jain Sculpture in the British Museum,&amp;quot; CoJS Newsletter 6 (2011): 34-36, available online: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544721.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Text and Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
(1) auṃ | srīmadbhojanāreṃdracaṃdranagarīvidyādharī[*dha] rmmadhīḥ yo ----- [damaged portion] khalu sukhaprasthāpanā-&lt;br /&gt;
(2) y=āp(sa)rāḥ [*|] vāgdevī[*ṃ] prathama[*ṃ] vidhāya jananī[m] pas[c] āj jinānāṃtrayīm ambā[ṃ] nityaphalā(d)ikāṃ vararuciḥ (m)ūrttim subhā[ṃ] ni-&lt;br /&gt;
(3) rmmame [||] iti subhaṃ || sūtradhāra sahirasutamaṇathaleṇa ghaṭitaṃ || vi[jñā]nika sivadevena likhitam iti ||&lt;br /&gt;
(4) saṃvat 100 91 [||*]&lt;br /&gt;
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Auṃ. [[Vararuci]], King Bhoja&amp;#039;s religious superintendent (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dharmmadhī&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) of the Candranagarī and Vidyādharī [branches of the Jain religion], the apsaras [as it were] for the easy removal [of ignorance? by...?], that Vararuci, having first fashioned Vāgdevī the mother [and] afterwards a triad of Jinas, made this beautiful image of Ambā, ever abundant in fruit. Blessings! It was executed by Maṇathala, son of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sūtradhāra&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Sahira. It was written by Śivadeva the proficient. Year 1091.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Iconography===&lt;br /&gt;
The identification of the British Museum sculpture as Ambikā is confirmed by the iconographic features which conform to Ambikā images found elsewhere.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;M. N. P. Tiwari, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ambikā in Jaina Art and Literature&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (New Delhi: Bharatiya Jnanpith, 1989).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; A particularly close comparative example is the Ambikā in [[Sehore]] dating to the eleventh century.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sehore सीहोर (Madhya Pradesh). Ambikā. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3633937&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Like the Dhār sculpture, the Sehore image shows a youth riding a lion at the foot of the goddess and a figure with a beard standing at one side.&lt;br /&gt;
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The inscription on the statue in the British Museum indicates that the Vāgdevī at Dhār was dedicated to the Jain form of Sarasvatī. However, the Vāgdevī mentioned no longer exists or is yet to be located. Merutuṅga, who wrote in the early fourteenth century, indicates that Bhoja&amp;#039;s eulogistic tablets in the Sarasvatī temple were engraved with a poem dedicated to the first Jain Tīrthaṃkara, but these tablets too have not been located.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tawney, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Prabandhacintāmaṇi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, p. 57.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Current status==&lt;br /&gt;
The building is a [[Protected Monument]] of national importance under the laws of India and is under the jurisdiction of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Both Hindus and Muslims claim the site, and use it for their prayers. According to Archaeological Survey of India guidelines, Muslims can pray on Friday and Islamic festivals, Hindus can pray on Tuesday and on the festival for goddess Sarasvatī, namely [[Vasant Panchami]]. The site is open to visitors on other days.&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=indiatoday2016/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The disputes about the site were prompted by the inscriptions and the information they provide about historic Indian religions, particularly Hinduism and Jainism. Data about Jainism comes from texts and a statue of the goddess Ambikā that is now housed in [[British Museum]].&amp;lt;ref name=willis129/&amp;gt; The area beside the Bhojśālā has four Islamic tombs of [[Sufi]] saints.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Ahmad Nabi Khan|title=Islamic Architecture in South Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2tQAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-579065-8|pages=175–177}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The most important is the tomb of Kamāl al-Dīn (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;circa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 1238-1330), famous [[Chishti]] saint, who tomb was rebuilt under the [[Malwa Sultanate]]. Architecturally, the Bhojshala is earlier in date, and appears to be a hypostyle hall built of temple parts in the 1300s in a manner similar to the Quwwat-ul-Islam in the [[Qutb Minar complex]], Delhi.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Willis 2012 134–135&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Conflicts arise when the Vasant Panchami falls on Friday. The Archaeological Survey of India attempts to assign hours to both Hindus and Muslims on such days. However, this been a source of communal conflict and occasional disturbance when the religious group scheduled for the earlier time slot refuse to vacate the premises in time for the next.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Manohar&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Indore celebrates Basant Panchmi&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=indiatoday2016&amp;gt;[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dhar-bhojshala-kamal-maula-mosque-row-madhya-pradesh-vishwa-hindu-parishad/1/594073.html Bhojshala-Kamal Maula mosque row: What is the dispute over the temple-cum-mosque all about?], India Today, Shreya Biswas (February 12, 2016)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ayodhya dispute]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|group=note}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|30em}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629155409/http://asi.nic.in/ Archaeological Survey of India]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=182355&amp;amp;partid=1&amp;amp;searchText=Ambika&amp;amp;fromADBC=ad&amp;amp;toADBC=ad&amp;amp;numpages=10&amp;amp;orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&amp;amp;currentPage=1 British Museum, collections online]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm/dhar.htm University of Tokyo, photo album]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Research Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100330054040/http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk/kvk/kvk_en.html Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100327201448/http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/hylib/virtueller_katalog.html About the KVK]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Luard%20AND%20mandu Internet Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.soas.ac.uk/jainastudies/newsletter/ Jain Studies Newsletter, SOAS, London]&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Acharya|first=Merutunga|title=Prabandhacintamani|url=https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindi04indigoog#page/n8/mode/1up|year=1902|publisher=Asiatic Society}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Dhar]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History of Madhya Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Medieval Hinduism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Paramara kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bhoja]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Dhar district]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>&gt;Shyamsunder</name></author>
	</entry>
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