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{{short description|Iron and steel industry in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = SAIL-Bhilai Steel Plant
| type = [[Public Sector Undertakings in India]] <br /> [[Government-owned corporation|(Central Govt. Organization)]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|SAIL}}
| foundation = 1955
| location = [[Bhilai]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]
| industry = Metallurgical Process
| products = Rails, Plates, Structurals, Rebars and Wire Rods
| parent = [[Steel Authority of India|Steel Authority of India Limited]]
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.sail.co.in/bhilai-steel-plant/about-bhilai-steel-plant/}}
| logo = Steel Authority of India logo.svg
| key_people = Anirban Dasgupta (CEO)
}}
The '''Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP)''', located in [[Bhilai]], in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]], is [[India]]'s first and main producer of [[steel]] rails, as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other steel products. The plant also produces steel and markets various chemical by-products from its [[coke oven]]s and coal chemical plant. It was set up with the help of the [[USSR]] in 1959.<ref name="steel plant 1">{{cite web|title=The Bhilai Steel Plant|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030405121223/http://www.fieldtofactory.lse.ac.uk/SteelPlantHistory.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030405121223/http://www.fieldtofactory.lse.ac.uk/SteelPlantHistory.htm|archive-date=5 April 2003|access-date=24 June 2012|work=Field to Factory: Film and ethnography of industrialisation in Chhattisgarah, Central India|publisher=Jandarshan and LSE}}</ref>

Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is eleven-time winner of the Prime Minister's Trophy for best integrated steel plant in the country.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sail.co.in/sail-press-release/prime-minister-hands-over-pms-trophy-best-integrated-steel-plant-country-bhilai | title=Prime Minister hands over PM'S Trophy for best Integrated Steel Plant in the Country to BHILAI Steel Plant | publisher=SAIL | date=4 February 2015 | access-date=26 January 2019 | archive-date=2 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102120119/https://www.sail.co.in/sail-press-release/prime-minister-hands-over-pms-trophy-best-integrated-steel-plant-country-bhilai | url-status=dead }}</ref> The plant is the sole supplier of the country's longest rail tracks, which measure {{convert|260|m}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/bhilai-steel-records-its-best-ever-loading-for-dispatch-to-indian-railways/articleshow/59426278.cms|title=Bhilai Steel records its best ever loading for dispatch to Indian Railways|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=30 December 2017|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Rakhi}}</ref> The 130 - meter rail, which would be the world's longest rail line in a single piece, was rolled at URM, Bhilai Steel Plant(SAIL) on 29 November 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sail-bsp-starts-production-of-world-s-longest-single-piece-rail-116113000455_1.html | title=SAIL-BSP starts production of world's longest single-piece rail | date=30 November 2016 | newspaper=Business Standard | first=R Krishna | last=Das | access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref> The plant also produces products such as wire rods and merchant products. Bhilai Steel Plant has been the flagship integrated steel plant unit of the Public Sector steel company, the [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] and is its largest and most profitable production facility. It is the flagship plant of SAIL, contributing the largest percentage of profit.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/new-generation-rails-will-be-bhilai-steel-s-crown-jewel-113070101084_1.html | title=New generation rails will be Bhilai Steel's crown jewel | date=1 July 2013 | newspaper=Business Standard | first=Kunal | last=Bose | access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref>

== History. ==
The government of [[India]] and the [[USSR]] entered into an agreement, which was signed in [[New Delhi]] on 2 March 1955, for the establishment of an integrated iron and steel works at Bhilai with an initial capacity of one million tons of steel ingot.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

The main consideration for choosing Bhilai was the availability of [[iron ore]] at [[Dalli Rajhara]], about 100 km from the site; [[limestone]] from Nandini, about 25 km from the plant, and [[Dolomite (mineral)|dolomite]] at Hirri, about 140 km away, and coal from Korba and Kargali coal fields. The water for the plant comes from the Tandula dam and power from Korba thermal power station. The plant was commissioned with the inauguration of the first blast furnace by then president of India, Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]], on 4 February 1959. The plant was expanded to 2.5 million tons in September 1967 and a further expansion to 4 MT was completed in 1988. The main focus in the 4 MT stage was the [[continuous casting]] unit and the plate mill, a new technology in steel casting and shaping in [[India]].<ref name="Sail">{{cite web|title=BHILAI STEEL PLANT|url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=bhilai_facility|work=Steel Authority of India Limited|publisher=SAIL, All Rights Reserved|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623171734/http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=bhilai_facility|archive-date=23 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== The organisational framework ==
Bhilai Steel Plant functions as a unit of SAIL, with corporate offices in New Delhi. Over the years, Bhilai Steel Plant developed an organizational culture that forces its commitment to values and stimulates continuous improvements and higher levels of performance. The [[chief executive officer]] controls operations of the plant, township and iron mines. The CEO is assisted by his D.R.O.s(Direct Reporting Officers), i.e. the functional heads, executive directors, general Manager concept of zonal heads, and HODs who integrate functions with clear accountability for achieving corporate vision, company goals and objectives.

== Modernization and expansion programs ==
Bhilai steel plant is raising its capacity of steel production through modernization and new projects. The major upcoming project is commissioning of giant Blast Furnace of volume 4060 cubic meter with hot metal production capacity of 8000 mt per day.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Projects in progress include a new compressed air station, oxygen plant, new installations to support power requirements and ore handling capacities expansion. Presently, the total requirement of iron ore of Bhilai Steel Plant is met from [[Dalli Rajhara]] Iron Ore Complex (IOC). In view of IOC's rapidly depleting reserves, BSP is opening an iron ore mine at Rowghat, about {{convert|80|km|mi}} from [[Dalli Rajhara]] in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh. Accordingly, Bhilai Steel Plant will develop the mine in Block-A of Deposit-F of Rowghat with a production capacity of 14.0 MT per year during 2011-12. For environmental reasons, the beneficiation plant shall be of dry circuit type. However, the grant of forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is still pending.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant's Modernisation and Expansion Program Gains Momentum|url=http://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|work=Steel Authority of India Limited|publisher=SAIL|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503143642/https://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Bhilai steel plant has created steel for one of the Railways' most challenging projects, construction of the {{convert|345|km|mi|abbr=on}} railway line and plane network between [[Jammu]] and [[Baramulla]] at an investment of {{INRConvert|19000|c}}. BSP has also developed a special grade of TMT rebars for use in the high altitude tunnel inside the [[Banihal Pass]]. BSP had also developed the special soft iron magnetic plates for the prestigious India-based [[Neutrino detector|Neutrino Observatory]] (INO) project of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC). It has also developed special grade high-tensile (DMR249A) steel for building India's first indigenously built anti-submarine warfare corvette, [[INS Kamorta]]<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712">{{cite web | title=GRSE hands over first indigenous warship, INS Kamorta to Indian Navy | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | publisher=Economic Times | date=12 July 2014 | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

The plant was further expanded on 14 June 2018.

== Environment management ==
BSP has taken measures in the areas of waste management, resource utilisation and pollution control and has initiated several waste reduction programmes. Besides reducing [[greenhouse gas]] output,{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} BSP is replacing the ozone-depleting CTC, aided by [[UNDP]]. BSP has earned Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER), (a sort of carbon credit) for two of its projects.

Abiding by Corporate Responsibility for Environment Protection (CREP) guidelines and monitoring, it has taken steps to "check fugitive emissions from Coke Ovens and has installed Air cooled self sealing doors resulting in significant reduction in door emissions"{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The plant has introduced a de-dusting system, [[electrostatic precipitator]]s and a coal dust injection system in the [[blast furnace]]s and in other units.

Bhilai Steel Plant manages Bhilai Nagar township which has 13 sectors.

==Accidents==
On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a leak of the poisonous gas [[carbon monoxide]], which infiltrated the premises due to pressure differences along the purification chamber lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant gas Leak Accident kills 6 and injures 40|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/bhilai-steel-plant-gas-leak-accident-kills-6-and-injures-40/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref> Among the dead were two deputy general managers, while the injured included [[Central Industrial Security Force]] personnel as well as workers and officials of the public-sector plant. The leak started at around 6:10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].

On 9 October 2018 Thirteen plant employees died including four BSP fire services officials and 14 were injured including six BSP fire services officials in a blast at the plant. The blast took place in a pipeline near the coke oven section at the steel plant in the town of Bhilai.

==Output==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ Production
! Product mix !! Tonnes/annum
|-
| Semis|| 533,000
|-
| Rail & heavy structural|| 750,000
|-
| Merchant Products (angles, channels, Rrund & TMT bars)|| 500,000
|-
| Wire Rods (TMT, plain & ribbed)|| 420,000
|-
| Plates (up to 3600 mm wide)|| 950,000
|-
| Total saleable steel|| 3,153,000
|}

==See also==
*[[Steel Authority of India Limited|Steel Authority of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://bhilai.co.in Website of Bhilai]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201184455/http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=bhilai Bhilai Steel Plant]
*[http://explore-chhattisgarh.blogspot.com/2011/02/bhilai-steel-plant.html View of Bhilai Steel Plant]
{{coord|21|10|41.08|N|81|23|21.95|E|display=title}}

{{Steel industry of India}}
{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Economy of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Steel plants of India]]
[[Category:Steel Authority of India]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Bhilai]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1955]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bhilai]]
[[Category:Soviet foreign aid]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]

Bhilai Steel Plant - Revision history

Vernell29N: improved lead to improve readability

imported>DaxServer: Add back cat per discussion WP:TCAT