NatishaMooring9 at 13:45, 25 April 2026

2026-04-25T13:45:20Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhavani
| other_name = Thirunanaa
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Bhavani-Kaveri-Sangamam.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Confluence of Bhavani and Kaveri rivers
| nickname = Kooduthurai
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Bhavani, Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11.447100|N|77.684000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[West]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Erode district|Erode]]
| subdivision_type4 = Metropolitan
| subdivision_name4 = [[Erode]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Second Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Bhavani Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.17
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 193
| population_total = 39,225
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 638 301
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04256
| registration_plate = TN 36
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhavani''' is a municipality in [[Erode District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is located at the northern periphery of [[Erode City Municipal Corporation]] and is around {{convert|105|km|abbr=on}} from [[Coimbatore]] and {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} from [[Tiruppur]] and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]. Bhavani is also known as "Carpet City" due to its [[carpet]] industry; blankets and carpets manufactured in the town are known as [[Bhavani Jamakkalam]]. As of 2011, the town covers an area of {{convert|2.17|sqkm}} and has a population of 39,225. It is a grade II municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/municipalities/municipalities_gradewise.html |title=Municipalities in Tamil Nadu |access-date=2016-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928202828/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/municipalities/municipalities_gradewise.html |archive-date=2012-09-28 }}</ref>

Bhavani is located 12 km from [[Erode Central]] and {{convert|14|km}} north of [[Erode Junction]]. The [[Mettur Dam]], which creates the [[Stanley Reservoir]], is {{convert|41|km}} from Bhavani. [[Sangameswarar Temple]], one of the seven holy [[Shiva]] shrines of the [[Kongu Nadu]], is located in Bhavani near the confluence of the rivers. The temple serves 18 villages surrounding the town. The [[Kooduthurai]] is the confluence of rivers Cauvery, Bhavani and invisible divine Amudha.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026|reason=Statements that are myths, legends should be mentioned as such so the reader knows what importance to attach to them.}} And near Urachikottai, Jeeva samadhi of vallalar follower "Arul annai" is present.

== History ==
Bhavani has a long historical significance as a sacred town at the confluence of the [[Kaveri]] and [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] rivers. The town was part of the ancient [[Kongu Nadu]] region and was ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and later the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. The [[Sangameswarar Temple]], dedicated to [[Shiva]], has been a centre of worship for centuries. During the [[British Raj]], Bhavani was part of the [[Coimbatore district (Madras Presidency)|Coimbatore District]] under the [[Madras Presidency]]. The town developed as a weaving centre, leading to the emergence of the [[Bhavani Jamakkalam]] carpet industry.

== Geography ==
[[File:Old-and-New-Kaveri-Bridge-at-Bhavani.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Bridges along the National Highway-544 across Kaveri river in the southern part of the town]]

Bhavani is located at {{Coord|11.45|N|77.68|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Bhavani.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. - Bhavani]</ref> It has an average elevation of 193 metres (633 feet).
It lies at the confluence of the rivers [[Kaveri]], the largest river in Tamil Nadu and [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]], the second largest river in Tamil Nadu, with the invisible mystic [[Sarasvati River]]. Hence this place is known as the [[Triveni Sangam]] of South. The [[Sangameswarar Temple]] dedicated to Lord Shiva, built at the confluence of these rivers, is a sacred place for Hindus. The temple is located on the northern bank where the rivers meet. The five hill temples of this area such as Sankari, Tiruchengode, Padmagiri, Mangalagiri and Vedagiri are surrounding this Temple.<ref name="abt">{{cite web|title=About city|url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/bhavani/abs_Municipality.htm|year=2011|publisher=Bhavani municipality|access-date=2013-08-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210215731/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/bhavani/abs_Municipality.htm|archive-date=2013-12-10}}</ref>

== Climate ==
Bhavani experiences a [[tropical climate]] with hot summers and moderate winters. The temperature ranges from 25 °C to 40 °C during summer (March–June) and 18 °C to 30 °C during winter (November–January). The town receives rainfall mainly during the [[northeast monsoon]] (October–December) and the [[southwest monsoon]] (June–September). The proximity to the [[Kaveri]] and [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] rivers contributes to the humidity levels in the region.

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|93.33}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|4.24}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|2.35}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.05}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.02}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Bhavani had a population of 39,225 with a sex-ratio of 1,005 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 3,519 were under the age of six, constituting 1,830 males and 1,689 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 8.29% and 0.1% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 77.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 11,147 households. There were a total of 17,664 workers, comprising 65 cultivators, 61 main agricultural labourers, 1,114 in household industries, 15,575 other workers, 849 marginal workers, 8 marginal cultivators, 45 marginal agricultural labourers, 146 marginal workers in household industries and 650 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Bhavani|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=688186|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Bhavani had 93.33% [[Hindus]], 4.24% [[Muslims]], 2.35% [[Christians]], 0.01% [[Sikhs]], 0.05% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

== Economy ==
The economy of Bhavani is primarily driven by the [[textile]] industry. The town is historically known for its [[Bhavani Jamakkalam]] (carpet and blanket) industry, which has received a [[Geographical indication]] tag from the [[Government of India]]. [[Handloom weaving|Handloom]] and [[powerloom]] units are widespread in the town. Agriculture is practised in the surrounding areas, benefiting from the irrigation provided by the [[Kaveri]] and [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] rivers. The town also has a weekly [[shandy]] (market) and several commercial establishments along the main roads.

== Education ==
Namakkal district has several educational institutions offering programmes in engineering, medicine, arts, and science. Notable institutions include:
* Mahendra Engineering College, Mahendhirapuri
* [[JKKN Institutions]], Komarapalayam
* K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode
* Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode
* Government Arts College, Namakkal
* Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Government Arts College for Women

The district has a [[literacy rate]] of approximately 71.26% as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], which is slightly below the Tamil Nadu state average of 80.09%. Government and private schools affiliated with the [[Tamil Nadu State Board of Secondary Education|Tamil Nadu State Board]], [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], and matriculation boards operate across the district.

== Healthcare ==
Namakkal has a Government District Headquarters Hospital that provides medical services to the town and surrounding areas. The district also has government [[Taluk]] hospitals at [[Tiruchengode]], [[Rasipuram]], and other taluk headquarters. Several private hospitals and clinics operate in the town. [[Primary health centre]]s (PHCs) and health sub-centres serve the rural population across the district.

==Culture==
[[File:Sangameswarar2.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Sangameswarar Temple]] in Bhavani - the most prominent landmark]]{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
Sri Sellandiamman temple is the main temple for more than 18 villages surrounding Bhavani town. The mega-festival of Bhavani is celebrated during February and March (Masi in Tamil month). The festival has been celebrated for more than 45 days, and for over 100 years, every community in southern India has celebrated it as per the custom in Sri Sellandiamman temple during festival. Nearly 39 communities participate in this grand festival.

Kasi Vishalakshi Udanamar Kasi Viswanathar temple is located nearby Kududurai. This temple is fondly called Chinnakoil. Bairavasthami valipadu is famous in this temple. Navagrahas in this temple are with devi's, i.e. all navagrahas are with their wives in separate madapam. Treated only few temples navagrahas with wives. Brahmotsavam is celebrated in Panguni month. On the day of Panguni Uthiram, the Lord of Thiruvanaikaval is taken in procession, and then the temple car festival begins. During karthikai month 1008 sangabishekam is held in temple in grand manner.

The holy waters of Bhavani are known as Kaveri theertham, Bhavani and Amirtha River, Surya theertham and Gayatri theertham. People perform [[last rites]] here.

The temple is situated at the confluence spot of the Kaveri and Bhavani rivers, known as Kooduthurai. Of the seven holy Shiva centers of the Kongu Region, Bhavani is one. The scriptural name is Thirunana. The 13-day car festival in the Tamil Month Chithirai (April–May) is the most famous in the temple attracting lakhs of devotees.

Also on Adiperukku day, Ammavasyas, especially Thai Ammavasya, eclipse days are devotionally followed in the Bhavani temple by taking bath in the rivers and performing rites. Many devotees from other states also come during November and December months corresponding to Tamil Karthikai and Margazhi.

During the [[Sabari mala]] season, many devotees come and do pujas in this temple, on their way to [[Kerala]]. Special pujas are performed to the Lord and Goddess on English and Tamil New Year days, Pongal and Deepavali days. The annual Bhrammotsavam here is celebrated in the month of Aadi (Cancer).

== Tourism ==
Bhavani is a popular pilgrimage and tourist destination due to its location at the confluence of the [[Kaveri]] and [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] rivers. Key attractions include:
* '''[[Sangameswarar Temple]]''' – An ancient [[Shiva]] temple at the river confluence, one of the seven holy shrines of [[Kongu Nadu]]
* '''Kooduthurai''' – The sacred confluence point ([[Triveni Sangam]]) where devotees perform rituals and [[last rites]]
* '''Sellandiamman Temple''' – A prominent [[Amman]] temple serving 18 surrounding villages
* '''Bhavani River Bridge''' – Offers scenic views of the [[Kaveri]] river
* '''Bhavani Island''' – A scenic spot near the river confluence

The town attracts pilgrims throughout the year, especially during the [[Pongal]] festival, [[Tamil New Year]], and the annual Brahmotsavam of the Sangameswarar Temple.

==Politics==
Bhavani is part of the [[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency]] in Tamil Nadu. Earlier, before the rearrangement of constituencies in 2008, it was part of the Gobichettipalayam constituency.

==Bhavani Jamakkalam==
[[Bhavani Jamakkalam]] refers to [[blanket]]s and [[carpet]]s manufactured in Bhavani.<ref>{{cite book|title=The worlds of Indian industrial labour|author=Parry|author2=Breman|author3=Kapadia|page=380}}</ref><ref name="Jamakkalam">{{cite book|title=The Everyday Politics of Labour|author=de Neve|page=42}}</ref> It has been recognized as a [[Geographical indication]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2005–06.<ref name="GI">{{cite web|url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/|title=Geographical indications of India|publisher=Government of India|access-date=28 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826183844/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/|archive-date=26 August 2013}}</ref> In the late nineteenth century, competition from [[British East India Company|British]] made textiles led Indian weavers to invent new types of garments.<ref name="Jamakkalam1"/> In Bhavani, a community of weavers called ''Jangamars'' weaved a type of blanket using colored coarse threads called ''Jamakkalam''.<ref name="Jamakkalam1">{{cite book|title=The Everyday Politics of Labour|author=de Neve|page=43}}</ref> The popularity of the product led to the production of jamakkalams by other weavers replacing the production of traditional sarees and other cloths.<ref name="Jamakkalam1"/>

==Transport==
[[File:BBridge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View from NH-544 Bridge]]
Bhavani is connected with local buses to almost all parts of the district of Erode. The Bhavani bus station is located on the banks of Kaveri river at the northern end of the town. City buses connect major areas like [[Erode Junction]], Thindal, [[Erode Central Bus Terminus|Central BS]], Surampatti, Anthiyur, [[Komarapalayam]], [[Gobichettipalayam|Gobichettipalayam]], [[Mettur,]] etc.,. The town depends on two major National highways, NH-544 connecting [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]-[[Cochin]] and NH-544H connecting [[Thoppur]]-[[Erode]]. [[Erode]] is the major transportation hub for Bhavani.

==Neighborhoods==
*[[Komarapalayam]] (2 km)
*[[Pallipalayam]] (13 km)
*[[Erode]] (14 km)
*[[Lakshmi Nagar]] (2 km)
*Ooratchikottai (2 km)
*[[Anthiyur]] (18 km)
*Paruvatchi (11 km)
*[[Chithode]] (6 km)
*[[Nasiyanur]] (15 km)
*[[Texvalley]] (11 km)
*[[Attayampalayam]] (12 km)
*[[Kavindapadi]] (16 km)
*[[Sankagiri]] (22 km)
{{Adjacent communities
| Centre = Bhavani
| North =
| Northeast =
| East =
| Southeast =
| South =
| Southwest =
| West =
| Northwest =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Erode district|Company=K L A Goat Farming|state=Tamilnadu}}
{{Kaveri River}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Erode district]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]

Bhavani, Tamil Nadu - Revision history

NatishaMooring9 at 13:45, 25 April 2026