>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 3 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (3×);

2020-12-25T21:04:10Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 3 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (3×);

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
'''Bhaṭṭākalaṅka Deva''' (also '''Bhaṭṭākalaṅka''') was the third and the last of the notable [[Kannada]] grammarians from the [[medieval period]]. In 1604 CE, he authored a comprehensive text on old-[[Kannada]] grammar called ''Karnāṭaka Śabdānuśāsana'' ("A Consequent Teaching on the Language of Karnāṭaka") in 592 [[Sanskrit]] aphorisms (Sanskrit: ''[[Sūtra|sūtras]]'', a literary form written for concision) with glossary (Sanskrit: ''vṛtti'') and commentary (Skt.: ''vyākhyā''). The work contains useful references to prior poets and writers of [[Kannada literature]] and is considered a valuable asset to the student of old-Kannada language.<ref name="sutra">Sastri (1955), pp. 355–356</ref> A native of [[South Canara]] and a student of the Haduvalli monastery, the [[Jain]] grammarian was learned in over six languages including [[Kannada]], Sanskrit, [[Prakrit]] and [[Magadhi]].<ref name="learned">Rice E.P. (1921), p. 83</ref><ref name="contempt"/>

==Karnataka Sabdanusasana==
It is believed that Bhaṭṭākalaṅka Deva may have undertaken the work of writing exhaustively on old-Kannada grammar in response to contempt from Sanskrit scholars of the day toward Kannada language, despite its rich literary tradition.<ref name="contempt">Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 476</ref> His writing is the third authoritative grammar on old-Kannada, the first of which was authored by [[Nagavarma II|Nāgavarma  II]] in the mid-12th century<ref name="first">Sastri (1955), p. 358</ref> and the second by [[Keshiraja|Keśirāja]] in the mid-13th century.<ref name="second">Sastri (1955), p. 359</ref> The grammar containing 592 aphorisms is divided into four chapters (Skt.: ''padas'') and each aphorism has a glossary and a lengthy commentary. The authorship of entire work has been settled with the full credit going to the Bhaṭṭākalaṅka Deva.<ref name="contempt"/>

The ''Karnāṭaka Śabdānuśāsana'' is modelled mostly on the earlier Sanskrit grammars written by [[Pāṇini]], [[Sakatayana|Śākaṭāyana]], [[Saravarma|Śaravarma]], [[Pujyapada|Pūjyapāda]] and others, though some rules have been borrowed from earlier Kannada grammatical works; one or two rules from the ''Karnāṭaka Bhāṣābhūṣaṇa'' by Nāgavarma II and about fifteen from ''[[Shabdamanidarpana|Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa]]'' by Keśirāja.<ref name="contempt"/> The first chapter (up to 101 rules) consists of euphonic combinations, technical words, signs of nouns and verbs, numbers and indeclinables. The second chapter (101–299 rules) consists of the gender classification of indigenous Kannada nouns and those inherited from the Sanskrit (Sanskrit: ''tadbhava "''naturalised, loanword" and ''samāsamaskṛta''–non-naturalised). The third chapter (set in 291–441 rules) consists of the compound words and the fourth chapter (written in 442–592 rules) focuses on verbal roots and verbal nouns.<ref name="contempt"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 1|orig-year=1987|year=1987|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1803-8}}
*{{cite book |last= Rice|first= E.P.|title= Kannada Literature|orig-year=1921|year=1982|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-206-0063-0}}
*{{cite book |last= Sastri|first= K.A. Nilakanta|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Religion}}
* [[Jainism in Karnataka]]
* [[Jainism in north Karnataka]]
* [[Jainism in Tulu Nadu]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deva, Bhattakalanka}}
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Linguists of Kannada]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian Jains]]

Bhattakalanka Deva - Revision history

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 3 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (3×);