Bharthari (king) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:42, 28 June 2022
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	\| name = Bharthari		\| name = Bharthari
	\| occupation = King		\| occupation = King
	\| spouse = Queen ~~Pingla~~		\| spouse = Queen Pingala
	\| gender = Male		\| gender = Male
	\| title = Raja		\| title = Raja
	\| relatives = King Gandharva-Sena, King Gopi Chand, Vikramaditya		\| relatives = King Gandharva-Sena, King Gopi Chand, Vikramaditya
	\| religion = ~~Hindu~~		\| religion = Sanatana Dharma
	\| nationality = Indian		\| nationality = Indian
	}}		}}
	'''Bhartrihari''', also known as Jogi [[Sant (religion)\|Sant]]" Bharthari, in many parts of [[India]], is the hero of many [[Indian folklore\|folk stories]] in [[North India]]. He was the ruler of [[Ujjain]], before renouncing the world and [[Abdication\|abdicating]] in the favor of his younger brother [[Vikramaditya]].		'''Bhartrihari''', also known as Jogi [[Sant (religion)\|Sant]]" Bharthari, in many parts of [[India]], is the hero of many [[Indian folklore\|folk stories]] in [[North India]]. He was the ruler of [[Ujjain]], before renouncing the world and [[Abdication\|abdicating]] in the favor of his younger brother [[Vikramaditya]].

	Stories of Bharthari and his nephew King Gopi Chand of Bengal, who are considered [[Nath\|Nath panth]] [[yogi]]s, abound in the [[Folklore of India\|Indian folklore]] of [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/chgr0020.htm Chhattisgarh Folktales of Bhartari] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027085046/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/chgr0020.htm \|date=27 October 2009 }} [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] 2004.</ref>		Stories of Bharthari and his nephew King Gopi Chand of Bengal, who are considered [[Nath\|Nath panth]] [[yogi]]s, abound in the [[Folklore of India\|Indian folklore]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/chgr0020.htm Chhattisgarh Folktales of Bhartari] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027085046/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/chgr0020.htm \|date=27 October 2009 }} [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] 2004.</ref>

	Many of the details about the lives of Bharthari and his brother [[Vikramaditya]] are from the tales of ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'' (Twenty five tales of Baital), translated as 'Vikram and The Vampire' by [[Richard Francis Burton\|Sir Richard Francis Burton]] in 1870.		Many of the details about the lives of Bharthari and his brother [[Vikramaditya]] are from the tales of ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'' (Twenty five tales of Baital), translated as 'Vikram and The Vampire' by [[Richard Francis Burton\|Sir Richard Francis Burton]] in 1870.
	Samadhi of Raja Bharthari is located inside the [[Chunar Fort]] near Varanasi. Thus [[Vikramaditya]] his younger brother is credited to have fortified the hillock of [[Chunar]] . It was once destroyed by Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb's]] men but owing to its significance and beliefs amongst the locals the emperor restored the shrine. Perhaps the only Hindu shrine granted grants by the emperor.

	==Folklore==		==Folklore==
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	There is a very famous song sung by the bards of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the memory of Raja Bhartrhari. The story says that Queen Pingala and Raja Bhartrhari did not have a son and the queen was very sad as a result of that. A saint came to the door of their palace one day and asked for alms. When Rani Pinglaa went down to give him alms, he said, "I know you are sad and I have brought some holy water for you. If you drink this water with faith, you will have a son in twelve months' time." Rani Pingala had the water and as promised by the ''Yogi'', she had a son after twelve months.		There is a very famous song sung by the bards of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the memory of Raja Bhartrhari. The story says that Queen Pingala and Raja Bhartrhari did not have a son and the queen was very sad as a result of that. A saint came to the door of their palace one day and asked for alms. When Rani Pinglaa went down to give him alms, he said, "I know you are sad and I have brought some holy water for you. If you drink this water with faith, you will have a son in twelve months' time." Rani Pingala had the water and as promised by the ''Yogi'', she had a son after twelve months.

	There is one more very interesting story related to Raja Bhartrhari and Rani Pingla. It is said that Raja Bhartrhari was out for a hunt one day and he saw a woman jump into the pyre of her husband ([[Sati (practice)\|Sati]]) as her grief would not let her stay alive. Raja Bhartrhari was moved and this incident stayed in his mind. When he returned to his palace, he told the story to Rani Pingala and asked her if she would do the same. Rani Pingala said that she would die on hearing the news itself and there would be no chance of her staying alive until the funeral ceremony. Raja Bhartrhari decided to test her and went on a hunt once again and sent the news of his death back to the palace. The Mahaaraani died on hearing the news as she had promised and Raja Bhrithari was grief-stricken. Guru [[Gorakhnath]] heard about the grief of the King and came to help him overcome his grief. It is said that Guru [[Gorakhnath]] created 750 copies of Rani Pingala to demonstrate the illusory nature of the world to Raja Bhartrhari. Even though Rani Pingala was brought back to life, Raja Bharthari decided to renounce the world and became a follower of Guru [[Gorakhnath]]. He became a very famous saint and is also known as ''Sant'' Bhartrhari by the people of [[North India]]. Bhratahari is famous in [[Alwar]] of Rajasthan. ~~Astami~~ is the worship day ~~celebrate~~ as a festival. The fair of bhratahari grouped by lakhs of ~~peoples~~ of Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa near Sariska in Alwar.		There is one more very interesting story related to Raja Bhartrhari and Rani Pingla. It is said that Raja Bhartrhari was out for a hunt one day and he saw a woman jump into the pyre of her husband ([[Sati (practice)\|Sati]]) as her grief would not let her stay alive. Raja Bhartrhari was moved and this incident stayed in his mind. When he returned to his palace, he told the story to Rani Pingala and asked her if she would do the same. Rani Pingala said that she would die on hearing the news itself and there would be no chance of her staying alive until the funeral ceremony. Raja Bhartrhari decided to test her and went on a hunt once again and sent the news of his death back to the palace. The Mahaaraani died on hearing the news as she had promised and Raja Bhrithari was grief-stricken. Guru [[Gorakhnath]] heard about the grief of the King and came to help him overcome his grief. It is said that Guru [[Gorakhnath]] created 750 copies of Rani Pingala to demonstrate the illusory nature of the world to Raja Bhartrhari. Even though Rani Pingala was brought back to life, Raja Bharthari decided to renounce the world and became a follower of Guru [[Gorakhnath]]. He became a very famous saint and is also known as ''Sant'' Bhartrhari by the people of [[North India]]. Bhratahari is famous in [[Alwar]] of Rajasthan. Ashtami is the worship day celebrated as a festival. The fair of bhratahari is grouped by lakhs of people of Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa near Sariska in Alwar.

	==In cinema==		==In cinema==
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	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==
	Raja Bharthari appears as a minor character in Neil Gaiman's [[The Sandman: Worlds' End]] and [[The Sandman: The Wake]].		Raja Bharthari appears as a minor character in Neil Gaiman's ''[[The Sandman: Worlds' End]]'', and ''[[The Sandman: The Wake]]''.

	==Literary works==		==Literary works==
	* Vairagya-Satakam		* Vairagya-Satakam
	* Vākyapadīya		* Vākyapadīya
	* Śatakatraya		* [[Śatakatraya]]

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Indian folklore]]		[[Category:Indian folklore]]
	[[Category:People from Ujjain]]		[[Category:People from Ujjain]]
			[[Category:Navnath]]

43.247.41.90 at 11:18, 26 April 2021

2021-04-26T11:18:19Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Bharthari
| occupation = King
| spouse = Queen Pingla
| gender = Male
| title = Raja
| relatives = King Gandharva-Sena, King Gopi Chand, Vikramaditya
| religion = Hindu
| nationality = Indian
}}
'''Bhartrihari''', also known as Jogi [[Sant (religion)|Sant]]" Bharthari, in many parts of [[India]], is the hero of many [[Indian folklore|folk stories]] in [[North India]]. He was the ruler of [[Ujjain]], before renouncing the world and [[Abdication|abdicating]] in the favor of his younger brother [[Vikramaditya]].

Stories of Bharthari and his nephew King Gopi Chand of Bengal, who are considered [[Nath|Nath panth]] [[yogi]]s, abound in the [[Folklore of India|Indian folklore]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/chgr0020.htm Chhattisgarh Folktales of Bhartari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027085046/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/chgr0020.htm |date=27 October 2009 }} [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] 2004.</ref>

Many of the details about the lives of Bharthari and his brother [[Vikramaditya]] are from the tales of ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'' (Twenty five tales of Baital), translated as 'Vikram and The Vampire' by [[Richard Francis Burton|Sir Richard Francis Burton]] in 1870.
Samadhi of Raja Bharthari is located inside the [[Chunar Fort]] near Varanasi. Thus [[Vikramaditya]] his younger brother is credited to have fortified the hillock of [[Chunar]] . It was once destroyed by Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb's]] men but owing to its significance and beliefs amongst the locals the emperor restored the shrine. Perhaps the only Hindu shrine granted grants by the emperor.

==Folklore==
{{cleanup|reason=Very bad English used in this section|date=February 2013}}

Bhartari was the elder son of King Gandharva Sena, who received the kingdom of [[Ujjain]] from The celestial god [[Indra]] and the King of Dhara.<ref name=intro>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/goth/vav/vav03.htm Introduction] [[Baital Pachisi|Vikram and The Vampire]] by [[Richard Francis Burton]], 1870.</ref><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/goth/vav/vav17.htm Footnote 13] [[Baital Pachisi|Vikram and The Vampire]] by [[Richard Francis Burton]], 1870.</ref>

When Bhartrhari was king of 'Ujjayani' (modern day [[Ujjain]]) , there lived a Brahman who got the fruit of immortality from the celestial wish granting tree, Kalpavriksha, as a result of long austerity. He decided to offer it to King Bhartrhari. The king wanted his beloved queen, Pinglah or Ananga Sena (as per Maha Kavi Kalidas), to be youthful, and thus gifted her the fruit. Raja Bhartrhari's last and youngest wife. However, the queen had a secret love affair with army chief Mahipaala, she desired him to be immortal and the enchanted fruit was given to him, he in turn passed it to his beloved, 'Lakha' the head mistress. Eventually, the fruit returned to the king. Having completed the circle, the fruit revealed the downsides of infidelity to the king, he summoned the queen and ordered her beheading, and ate the fruit himself. After that he [[Abdication|abdicated]] the throne, to his younger brother [[Vikramaditya]], and became a religious mendicant.<ref name=intro/><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/tsr1/tsr117.htm The Sikh Religion, Volume 1] [[Max Arthur Macauliffe]] [1842-1913], [[Oxford University Press]] [1909]. Chapter XIV.</ref>

He later became a disciple of [[Pattinathar]] (Swetharanyar or Pattinathu chettiyar is poorvashram name of this saint from Poompuhar,Tamil Nadu) who first indulged in an argument about samsari and sanyasi with king Bhartrhari later during the conversation pattinathar said that all women have 'dual mind' and it might be the true case even with parameswari. King conveyed this news to rani Pingalah and she ordered Pattinathar to get punished and to sit in 'kalu maram' (Tree, whose top portion would be sharpened like a pencil and whole tree is fully painted with oil, person who are allowed to sit in the top will split into 2 pieces), they tried pattinathar but kalu maram started burning and nothing happened to Pattinathar, the king came to know this news and went directly to Pattinathar and asked him to get ready to die the next day, but Pattinathar replied i'm ready even now to die. The next day king came with tears in his eyes and released saint from jail because he actually noticed queen pingalah in love with horsemen that night, He threw away his empire, wealth, even his full dress coat and dressed in a simple kovanam (loin cloth). The king became a disciple of Pattinathar and got mukthi (salvation) in the [[Kalahasthi]] temple. King Bharthari, or Bhadhragiri (as he is called in popular Tamil folk culture) wrote a collection of Tamil poetic verses called Meignana Pulambal.<ref>https://mio.to/album/Veeramani+Kannan/Bhadragiriyar+Meignana+Pulambal+%282009%29</ref>

There is a very famous song sung by the bards of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the memory of Raja Bhartrhari. The story says that Queen Pingala and Raja Bhartrhari did not have a son and the queen was very sad as a result of that. A saint came to the door of their palace one day and asked for alms. When Rani Pinglaa went down to give him alms, he said, "I know you are sad and I have brought some holy water for you. If you drink this water with faith, you will have a son in twelve months' time." Rani Pingala had the water and as promised by the ''Yogi'', she had a son after twelve months.

There is one more very interesting story related to Raja Bhartrhari and Rani Pingla. It is said that Raja Bhartrhari was out for a hunt one day and he saw a woman jump into the pyre of her husband ([[Sati (practice)|Sati]]) as her grief would not let her stay alive. Raja Bhartrhari was moved and this incident stayed in his mind. When he returned to his palace, he told the story to Rani Pingala and asked her if she would do the same. Rani Pingala said that she would die on hearing the news itself and there would be no chance of her staying alive until the funeral ceremony. Raja Bhartrhari decided to test her and went on a hunt once again and sent the news of his death back to the palace. The Mahaaraani died on hearing the news as she had promised and Raja Bhrithari was grief-stricken. Guru [[Gorakhnath]] heard about the grief of the King and came to help him overcome his grief. It is said that Guru [[Gorakhnath]] created 750 copies of Rani Pingala to demonstrate the illusory nature of the world to Raja Bhartrhari. Even though Rani Pingala was brought back to life, Raja Bharthari decided to renounce the world and became a follower of Guru [[Gorakhnath]]. He became a very famous saint and is also known as ''Sant'' Bhartrhari by the people of [[North India]]. Bhratahari is famous in [[Alwar]] of Rajasthan. Astami is the worship day celebrate as a festival. The fair of bhratahari grouped by lakhs of peoples of Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa near Sariska in Alwar.

==In cinema==
* Raja Bharthari (1973) - Gujrati
* Rajyogi Bharthari (1954) - Hindi
* Bhartrahari (1944) - Hindi
* [[Bhartruhari]] (1944) - Hindi<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361374/ Bhartrahari (1944)] www.imdb.com.</ref>
* Raja Bharthari (1932) - Hindi
* Bhartruhari (1922) - Silent

==In popular culture==
Raja Bharthari appears as a minor character in Neil Gaiman's [[The Sandman: Worlds' End]] and [[The Sandman: The Wake]].

==Literary works==
* Vairagya-Satakam
* Vākyapadīya
* Śatakatraya

==References==
{{reflist}}
* ''Bharthari: A Chhattisgarhi Oral Epic'' by Nandkishore Tiwari, Arvind Macwan, and H. U. Khan. 2002, [[Sahitya Akademi]]. {{ISBN|81-260-1363-X}}.
* ''A Carnival of Parting: The Tales of King Bharthari and King Gopi Chand'' as Sung and Told by Madhu Natisar Nath of Ghatiyali, Rajasthan by Ann Grodzins Gold. Berkeley, 1993, [[University of California]] Press. {{ISBN|0-520-07533-1}}, {{ISBN|0-520-07535-8}}. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1178576]
* ''Bharthari and the Buddhists'' by Radhika Herzberger. 1986, Springer. {{ISBN|90-277-2250-1}}.

== External links ==
* [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=3613&page=1&CategoryID=3&Searched=Udasi%20Raje%20Gopi%20Chand%20Ji%20Ki&sbtsro=0 An original manuscript about Raja GopiChand in Gurmukhi Script on Panjab Digital Library]

[[Category:Indian folklore]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]