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{{Short description|Proposed common script for Indian languages}}
{{Other uses of |Bharati}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox writing system
| type = [[Abugida]]
| name = Bharati script
| native_name = Bhārati Lipi
| sample = Bharati.svg
| caption = "Bhārati" written in the Bharati script
| creator = Research team led by Srinivasa Chakravathy
| fam1 = [[Devanagari]], [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Tamil script|Tamil]], [[Telugu script|Telugu]], [[Kannada script|Kannada]], [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]], [[Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]]
| language = [[Languages of India|Multiple Indian languages]]
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Wikipedia In Bharati Script.jpg|thumb|"Wikipedia" in Bharati script]]
The '''Bharati''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: Bhārati) script is a [[constructed script]] created by a research team led by V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy at [[IIT Madras]]. It is designed to serve as a common script or link script for [[Languages of India|Indian languages]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first=Karthik |last=Malli |title=Why It Isn't Easy to Devise an Intermediary Script for Indian Languages |url=https://thewire.in/culture/bharati-intermediary-script-iit-madras-indian-languages-unicode |date=2019-05-30 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The Wire |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064430/https://thewire.in/culture/bharati-intermediary-script-iit-madras-indian-languages-unicode |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |first=Tiki |last=Rajwi |title=One nation, one script: Bharati is the common script for all Indian languages |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/oct/02/one-nation-one-script-bharati-is-the-common-script-for-all-indian-languages-1665812.html |date=2017-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064425/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/oct/02/one-nation-one-script-bharati-is-the-common-script-for-all-indian-languages-1665812.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=2019-04-27 |title=IIT Madras team develops easy OCR system for nine Indian languages |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-madras-easy-ocr-system-for-nine-indian-languages/article26966671.ece |access-date=2022-10-07 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724082724/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-madras-easy-ocr-system-for-nine-indian-languages/article26966671.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Naik |first1=Manali |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=V. Srinivasa |chapter=A comparative study of complexity of handwritten Bharati characters with that of major Indian scripts |pages=3050–3057 |title=2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) |year=2017 |doi=10.1109/IJCNN.2017.7966235 |arxiv=1609.09227 |isbn=978-1-5090-6182-2 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-04 |title=Script which helps read 22 Indian languages on cards |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/041017/script-which-helps-read-22-indian-languages-on-cards.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007080043/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/041017/script-which-helps-read-22-indian-languages-on-cards.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2013 |first=M. |last=Ramya |title=IIT prof writes one script to unify 22 languages |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iit-prof-writes-one-script-to-unify-22-languages/articleshow/21114141.cms |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014010338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iit-prof-writes-one-script-to-unify-22-languages/articleshow/21114141.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a left-to-right [[abugida]] in which the vowel [[Diacritic|diacritics]] may be placed below, upon, or to the right of the primary character.<ref name=":4" />

The script borrows characters and concepts from multiple [[Writing system|scripts]] including the [[Latin script]], [[Devanagari]], [[Tamil script]], [[Telugu script]], [[Kannada script]], [[Malayalam script]], and the [[Bengali–Assamese script]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy: Bharati is a script not a language |url=https://www.india.com/education/dr-v-srinivasa-chakravarthy-bharati-is-a-script-not-a-language-1591965/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064429/https://www.india.com/education/dr-v-srinivasa-chakravarthy-bharati-is-a-script-not-a-language-1591965/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Like the [[Gujarati script]], it does not feature a running horizontal line above the characters, which is a characteristic of the Devanagari and Bengali-Assamese scripts.

== Development ==
Bharati is proposed to be a common script or link script of [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], including both [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] language families, much as the [[Latin script]] serves as a common script for many [[European languages]].

It may also serve the purpose of providing a written means for tribal languages that do not have a writing system.

V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy started this project at [[IIT Madras]] and a research team led by him developed it.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Unified script of India - Bharati |url=https://bharatiscript.com/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=bharatiscript.com |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007060013/https://bharatiscript.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

== Input and fonts ==
The Bharati script is supported on all operating systems using fonts created by the Bharati team, namely NavBharati and SundarBharati, which [[transliterate]] characters of supported scripts into their Bharati equivalents.<ref name=":1" />

NavBharati is a [[TrueType]] [[sans-serif]] font which supports transliteration of the Devanagari, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam scripts. SundarBharati is an [[OpenType]] [[serif]] font which supports transliteration of all of the scripts supported by NavBharati, in addition to the Bengali-Assamese script.

Three Android apps are also offered, which can output text in chosen scripts using a Bharati-based keyboard and handwriting, and transliterate other scripts into Bharati.<ref name=":1" />

An [[Optical character recognition|OCR]] system for the script has also been developed.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Vorugunti |first1=Chandra Sekhar |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=Srinivasa |last3=Pulabaigari |first3=Viswanath |date=2018 |title=An efficient Multi Lingual Optical Character Recognition system for Indian languages through use of Bharati Script |url=https://bharatiscript.com/media/Research/ICVGIP2018.pdf |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Bharati Script |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812133732/https://bharatiscript.com/media/Research/ICVGIP2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> It is yet to be added to [[Unicode]].

== Mudra Bharati ==
A [[Fingerspelling|finger-spelling]] system is proposed alongside the Bharati script named Mudra Bharati, for use as a [[sign language]].<ref name=":1" />

Unlike the [[American Sign Language|American Sign Language convention]], Mudra Bharati utilises two hands.

A prototype has been developed using [[self-organizing map]]s and [[convolutional neural network]]s, which can give out characters in Devanagari and Tamil scripts after recognition from Mudra Bharati.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Amal Jude Ashwin |first1=F. |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=V. Srinivasa |last3=Kopparapu |first3=Sunil Kumar |title=Text, Speech, and Dialogue |chapter=An AI-Based Detection System for Mudrabharati: A Novel Unified Fingerspelling System for Indic Scripts |date=2021 |editor-last=Ekštein |editor-first=Kamil |editor2-last=Pártl |editor2-first=František |editor3-last=Konopík |editor3-first=Miloslav |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=12848 |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=425–434 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |isbn=978-3-030-83527-9 |s2cid=237403848 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008173913/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Brahmi script]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
* {{url|https://bharatiscript.com|Official Website of the Bharati Script}}

{{list of writing systems}}

[[Category:Constructed scripts]]
[[Category:Abugida writing systems]]

Bharati script - Revision history

Tiwari63: created a stub