UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-04-24T00:51:47Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 24 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Jain Sanskrit prayer}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2016}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2016}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2016}}
Line 13:		Line 14:
	}}		}}
	{{Jainism}}		{{Jainism}}
	'''Bhaktamara Stotra''' is a famous [[Jain]] [[Sanskrit]] prayer. It was composed by Acharya [[Manatunga]] (~~seventh~~ century CE).{{sfn\|Jain\|2012\|p=xi}} The name Bhaktamara comes from a combination of two Sanskrit names, "Bhakta" (Devotee) and "Amar" (Immortal).		'''Bhaktamara Stotra''' is a famous [[Jain]] [[Sanskrit]] prayer. It was composed by Acharya [[Manatunga]] (7th century CE).{{sfn\|Jain\|2012\|p=xi}} The name Bhaktamara comes from a combination of two Sanskrit names, "Bhakta" (Devotee) and "Amar" (Immortal).

	[[File:Lustration of a Jina Rishabhanatha (Adinatha), Folio from a Bhaktamara Stotra (Hymn of the Immortal Devotee) LACMA AC1992.170.2 (1 of 6).jpg\|thumb\|Illustrative of Rishabhanatha, Folio Bhaktamara Stotra]]		[[File:Lustration of a Jina Rishabhanatha (Adinatha), Folio from a Bhaktamara Stotra (Hymn of the Immortal Devotee) LACMA AC1992.170.2 (1 of 6).jpg\|thumb\|Illustrative of Rishabhanatha, Folio Bhaktamara Stotra]]
	The prayer praises ''[[Rishabhanatha]]'' (adinath), the first ''[[Tirthankara]]'' of Jainism in this time cycle. There are ~~forty-eight~~ verses in total. The last verse gives the name of the author ''Manatunga''. Bhaktamar verses have been recited as a [[stotra]] (prayer), and sung as a stavan ([[hymn]]), somewhat interchangeably. Other Jain prayers have taken after these (such as the Kalyānamandira stotra, devoted to [[Parshvanatha\|the twenty-third tirthankara]], and the Svayambhu stotra, to all twenty-four); additional verses here praise the [[omniscience]] of Adinatha,<ref>The A to Z of Jainism, {{ISBN\|0810868210}}</ref><ref>Svayambhu Stotra: Adoration of the Twenty-four Tirthankara, {{ISBN\|8190363972}}</ref> while devotionals are considered a source for lay understandings of Jain doctrine.		The prayer praises ''[[Rishabhanatha]]'' (adinath), the first ''[[Tirthankara]]'' of Jainism in this time cycle. There are 48 verses in total. The last verse gives the name of the author ''Manatunga''. Bhaktamar verses have been recited as a [[stotra]] (prayer), and sung as a stavan ([[hymn]]), somewhat interchangeably. Other Jain prayers have taken after these (such as the Kalyānamandira stotra, devoted to [[Parshvanatha\|the twenty-third tirthankara]], and the Svayambhu stotra, to all twenty-four); additional verses here praise the [[omniscience]] of Adinatha,<ref>The A to Z of Jainism, {{ISBN\|0810868210}}</ref><ref>Svayambhu Stotra: Adoration of the Twenty-four Tirthankara, {{ISBN\|8190363972}}</ref> while devotionals are considered a source for lay understandings of Jain doctrine.

	==Legend==		==Legend==
Line 22:		Line 23:

	==History==		==History==
	''Bhakamara Stotra'' was composed by Manatunga in ~~sixth~~ century CE.{{sfn\|Orsini\|Schofield\|1981\|p=88}} Legends associate Manatunga with a ruler named [[Bhoja]]. However Manatunga probably lived a few centuries before Raja [[Bhoja]] of [[Dhara (city)\|Dhara]]. He is identified by some scholars as Kshapanaka, one of the [[Navaratnas]] in the court of legendary [[Vikramaditya]]. An unidentified Sanskrit poet Matanga, composer of "Brahaddeshi" on music theory, may also have been the same person. Bhaktamara stotra was composed sometime in the [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] or the post-Gupta period, making Manatunga approximately contemporary with other navaratnas like [[Kalidasa]] and [[Varahamihira]]. Several spots near [[Bhopal]] and Dhar are traditionally associated with ''Manatunga''.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Team, jainasoft.com: hostmaster@jainasoft.com \|url=http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/bhojpur.asp \|title=Shri Shantinath Atishaya Kshetra Bhojpur \|publisher=Jainteerth.com \|date= \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217005422/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/Bhojpur.asp \|archive-date=17 February 2007 }}</ref>		''Bhakamara Stotra'' was composed by Manatunga in 6th century CE.{{sfn\|Orsini\|Schofield\|1981\|p=88}} Legends associate Manatunga with a ruler named [[Bhoja]]. However Manatunga probably lived a few centuries before Raja [[Bhoja]] of [[Dhara (city)\|Dhara]]. He is identified by some scholars as Kshapanaka, one of the [[Navaratnas]] in the court of legendary [[Vikramaditya]]. An unidentified Sanskrit poet Matanga, composer of "Brahaddeshi" on music theory, may also have been the same person. Bhaktamara stotra was composed sometime in the [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] or the post-Gupta period, making Manatunga approximately contemporary with other navaratnas like [[Kalidasa]] and [[Varahamihira]]. Several spots near [[Bhopal]] and Dhar are traditionally associated with ''Manatunga''.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Team, jainasoft.com: hostmaster@jainasoft.com \|url=http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/bhojpur.asp \|title=Shri Shantinath Atishaya Kshetra Bhojpur \|publisher=Jainteerth.com \|date= \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217005422/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/Bhojpur.asp \|archive-date=17 February 2007 }}</ref>

	[[File:Jain Acharya Muni Manatunga.jpg\|thumb\|Acharya Manatunga was put under arrest in forty-eight chambers under locks and chains by King Bhoja in city of [[Ujjain]]. In the prison Acharya Mantunga entered the realms of the Lord [[Rishabhanatha]] and started the prayer. He wrote in [[Sanskrit]] language a poem known as Bhaktamara Stotra having 48 Stanza in Jainism. The chants and prayers of Manatunga were thus in full brim, flowing with the unbound energy of chain-reaction. Due to the effect of Bhaktamar Stotra, Acharya Mantunga no more remained imprisoned as the locks opened automatically.]]		[[File:Jain Acharya Muni Manatunga writing --Bhaktamara Stotra-- while being tied up under chains and 48 locks..jpg\|thumb\|Acharya Manatunga was put under arrest in forty-eight chambers under locks and chains by King Bhoja in city of [[Ujjain]]. In the prison Acharya Mantunga entered the realms of the Lord [[Rishabhanatha]] and started the prayer. He wrote in [[Sanskrit]] language a poem known as Bhaktamara Stotra having 48 Stanza in Jainism. The chants and prayers of Manatunga were thus in full brim, flowing with the unbound energy of chain-reaction. Due to the effect of Bhaktamar Stotra, Acharya Mantunga no more remained imprisoned as the locks opened automatically.]]

	==Verses==		==Verses==
Line 38:		Line 39:
	सम्यक् -प्रणम्य जिन - पाद - युगं युगादा-		सम्यक् -प्रणम्य जिन - पाद - युगं युगादा-
	वालम्बनं भव - जले पततां जनानाम्		वालम्बनं भव - जले पततां जनानाम्
	\|Bhaktamar pranat maulimaniprabhanam ~~uddyotakam~~ dalita pap tamovitanam.Samyak pranamya jin pad yugam yugada- valambanam bhavajale ~~patatam~~ jananam.		\|Bhaktamar pranat maulimaniprabhanam muddyotakam dalita pap tamovitanam.Samyak pranamya jin pad yugam yugada- valambanam bhavajale patataam jananam.
	\|Having duly bowed down at the feet of Bhagwan Adinath, the first Tirthankar, the divine glow of his nails increases luster of jewels of their crowns. Mere touch of his feet frees the beings from sins. He who submits himself at these feet is saved from taking birth again and again. I offer my respectful salutations at the feet of Bhagavan Adinath, the propagator of religion at the beginning of this era.		\|Having duly bowed down at the feet of Bhagwan Adinath, the first Tirthankar, the divine glow of his nails increases luster of jewels of their crowns. Mere touch of his feet frees the beings from sins. He who submits himself at these feet is saved from taking birth again and again. I offer my respectful salutations at the feet of Bhagavan Adinath, the propagator of religion at the beginning of this era.
	\|-		\|-
Line 406:		Line 407:
	यस्तावकं स्तव-मिमं मतिमानधीते:		यस्तावकं स्तव-मिमं मतिमानधीते:
	\|Mattadvipendra - mrigaraja - davanalahi sangrama - varidhi - mahodara-bandhanottham tasyashu nashamupayati bhayam bhiyeva, yastavakam stavamimam matimanadhite		\|Mattadvipendra - mrigaraja - davanalahi sangrama - varidhi - mahodara-bandhanottham tasyashu nashamupayati bhayam bhiyeva, yastavakam stavamimam matimanadhite
	\|O Tirhankara ! The one who recites this panegyric with devotion is never afraid of wild elephants, predatory lions, forest inferno, poisonous pythons, tempestuous sea, serious maladies, and slavery. In fact, fear itself is ~~frigthened~~ of him.		\|O Tirhankara ! The one who recites this panegyric with devotion is never afraid of wild elephants, predatory lions, forest inferno, poisonous pythons, tempestuous sea, serious maladies, and slavery. In fact, fear itself is frightened of him.
	\|-		\|-

Line 419:		Line 420:

	==Art==		==Art==
	Bhaktamara stotra is widely illustrated in paintings.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ \|title=Bhaktamar Mantras \|access-date=19 March 2007 \|archive-url=https://archive.is/20010124054000/http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ \|archive-date=24 January 2001 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html \|title=Sumant Shah series of paintings \|work=Greatindianarts.com \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009023942/http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html \|archive-date= 9 October 2007 }}</ref> At the [[Sanghiji]] temple at [[Sanganer]], there is a panel illustrating each verse.		Bhaktamara stotra is widely illustrated in paintings.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ \|title=Bhaktamar Mantras \|access-date=19 March 2007 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20010124054000/http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ \|archive-date=24 January 2001 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html \|title=Sumant Shah series of paintings \|work=Greatindianarts.com \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009023942/http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html \|archive-date= 9 October 2007 }}</ref> At the [[Sanghiji]] temple at [[Sanganer]], there is a panel illustrating each verse.

	The verses of Bhaktamar are thought to possess magical properties ([[tantra]]). A mystical diagram, yantra, is associated with each verse. "Sadhak Shivaanand Saraswati" (Udayraj Gadnis) has painted a number of yantras associated with Bhaktamar stotra.		The verses of Bhaktamar are thought to possess magical properties ([[tantra]]). A mystical diagram, yantra, is associated with each verse. "Sadhak Shivaanand Saraswati" (Udayraj Gadnis) has painted a number of yantras associated with Bhaktamar stotra.

>Keith D: /* History */ Remove invalid date

2021-06-29T08:28:29Z

History: Remove invalid date

Show changes

Bhaktamara Stotra - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Keith D: /* History */ Remove invalid date