Bhaiband - Revision history

ClayAcosta: basic fix article after review and fixed typos

2025-01-09T10:41:28Z

basic fix article after review and fixed typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 9 January 2025
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	'''Bhaiband''', meaning “brotherhood”,<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=33 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> are a [[Hindu]] [[jāti]] within the [[Lohana\|Sindhi]] caste of India and Pakistan.		{{Short description\|Hindu jāti within the Sindhi caste of India and Pakistan}}
			'''Bhaiband''', ({{Langx\|sd\|ڀائيبند}} ([[Perso-Arabic]]); ([[Devanagari]]) भाईबंद;) meaning “brotherhood”,<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=33 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> are a [[Hindu]] [[jāti]] within the [[Lohana\|Sindhi]] caste of India and Pakistan.

	==History==		==History==
	The [[Sindh]] region was ruled by various Muslim dynasties from 711 until the conquest by the [[East India Company\|British]] in 1843, when it became a part of [[Bombay Presidency]]. During that period, Hindus were a significant minority of the population although accurate figures continued to be unavailable until after 1947. Mark-Anthony Falzon notes that, "Due to the shifting criteria of categorisation and the complex politics of census in general, the decennial colonial censuses of pre-independence Sindh must be read with caution."<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|pages=30–31 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> Of these Hindus, most were broadly designated as members of the Lohana [[caste]], with the exceptions being those considered to be [[Bhatia (caste)\|Bhatia]]s or [[Brahmin]]s. Although some now considered to be [[Vaishya]] in the Hindu ritual ranking system known as [[Varna (Hinduism)\|varna]], the Lohanas trace their origin as members of the ~~[[Kshatriya]]~~ [[Lohana]] varna from [[Raghuvanshi]] ~~Rajput~~ clan.<ref name="Falzonp32">{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|pages=32–33 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>		The [[Sindh]] region was ruled by various Muslim dynasties from 711 until the conquest by the [[East India Company\|British]] in 1843, when it became a part of [[Bombay Presidency]]. During that period, Hindus were a significant minority of the population although accurate figures continued to be unavailable until after 1947. Mark-Anthony Falzon notes that, "Due to the shifting criteria of categorisation and the complex politics of census in general, the decennial colonial censuses of pre-independence Sindh must be read with caution."<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|pages=30–31 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> Of these Hindus, most were broadly designated as members of the Lohana [[caste]], with the exceptions being those considered to be [[Bhatia (caste)\|Bhatia]]s or [[Brahmin]]s. Although some now considered to be [[Vaishya]] in the Hindu ritual ranking system known as [[Varna (Hinduism)\|varna]], the Lohanas trace their origin as members of the [[Lohana]] varna from [[Raghuvanshi]] clan.<ref name="Falzonp32">{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|pages=32–33 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>

	Among the Lohana jatis - a social grouping based on birth and kinship - are the Bhaibands, who by the time of the [[British Raj]] were held in a lesser useful than the [[Amils\|Amil]] subgroup of Lohanas but who were the wealthiest as a result of their mobility and participation in trade. Although most of the Bhaibands around [[Nawabshah]], [[Tando Adam Khan]] and [[Hyderabad, Sindh\|Hyderabad]] in Sindh were ancestral [[Zamindaar]] and [[Jagir]]dars. They were also known for their fierce attitude and very well respected in surrounding Muslim population. Falzon considers their trade-sourced wealth to be their "distinguishing characteristic" among the Hindus of Sindh.<ref name="Falzonp32" />{{efn\|Falzon notes that traders in small localities might be called bania or hatvania. It is unclear whether he is including the Bhaibands in this nomenclature.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=34 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>}} Although it was generally uncommon, there was intermarriage between Amils, Bhaibands and another Lohana jati, the [[Sahiti]]s. The ritual prohibitions of caste, such as restrictions on eating and worshipping together, permeate life in south India but did not play a great role in the life of Sindhis. Nonetheless, a hierarchy existed and, according to Falzon, "still today, Bhaibands are seen by Amils as unpolished, having poor aesthetic tastes, and given to vulgar displays of wealth".<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=35 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> While Bhaibands always saw Amils as subservient to rulers or government and doubt their own ability to be rich and successful.		Among the Lohana jatis - a social grouping based on birth and kinship - are the Bhaibands, who by the time of the [[British Raj]] were held in a lesser useful than the [[Amils\|Amil]] subgroup of Lohanas but who were the wealthiest as a result of their mobility and participation in trade. Although most of the Bhaibands around [[Nawabshah]], [[Tando Adam Khan]] and [[Hyderabad, Sindh\|Hyderabad]] in Sindh were ancestral [[Zamindaar]] and [[Jagir]]dars. They were also known for their fierce attitude and very well respected in surrounding Muslim population. Falzon considers their trade-sourced wealth to be their "distinguishing characteristic" among the Hindus of Sindh.<ref name="Falzonp32" />{{efn\|Falzon notes that traders in small localities might be called bania or hatvania. It is unclear whether he is including the Bhaibands in this nomenclature.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=34 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>}} Although it was generally uncommon, there was intermarriage between Amils, Bhaibands and another Lohana jati, the [[Sahiti (Lohana)\|Sahiti]]s. The ritual prohibitions of caste, such as restrictions on eating and worshipping together, permeate life in south India but did not play a great role in the life of Sindhis. Nonetheless, a hierarchy existed and, according to Falzon, "still today, Bhaibands are seen by Amils as unpolished, having poor aesthetic tastes, and given to vulgar displays of wealth".<ref>{{cite book \|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 \|first=Mark-Anthony \|last=Falzon \|publisher=BRILL \|location=Leiden \|year=2004 \|page=35 \|isbn=9789004140080 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> While Bhaibands always saw Amils as subservient to rulers or government and doubt their own ability to be rich and successful.

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Khudabad]]		*[[Khudabad]]
	*[[Khudabadi script]]		*[[Khudabadi script]]
	*[[Purswani]]		*Purswani

	==References==		==References==
Line 49:		Line 50:

	[[Category:Lohana]]		[[Category:Lohana]]
	[[Category:~~Social groups of Pakistan~~]]		[[Category:Sindhi tribes]]

>Badtamizz boi at 21:29, 13 September 2021

2021-09-13T21:29:51Z

New page

'''Bhaiband''', meaning “brotherhood”,<ref>{{cite book |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |first=Mark-Anthony |last=Falzon |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2004 |page=33 |isbn=9789004140080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> are a [[Hindu]] [[jāti]] within the [[Lohana|Sindhi]] caste of India and Pakistan.

==History==
The [[Sindh]] region was ruled by various Muslim dynasties from 711 until the conquest by the [[East India Company|British]] in 1843, when it became a part of [[Bombay Presidency]]. During that period, Hindus were a significant minority of the population although accurate figures continued to be unavailable until after 1947. Mark-Anthony Falzon notes that, "Due to the shifting criteria of categorisation and the complex politics of census in general, the decennial colonial censuses of pre-independence Sindh must be read with caution."<ref>{{cite book |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |first=Mark-Anthony |last=Falzon |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2004 |pages=30–31 |isbn=9789004140080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> Of these Hindus, most were broadly designated as members of the Lohana [[caste]], with the exceptions being those considered to be [[Bhatia (caste)|Bhatia]]s or [[Brahmin]]s. Although some now considered to be [[Vaishya]] in the Hindu ritual ranking system known as [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]], the Lohanas trace their origin as members of the [[Kshatriya]] [[Lohana]] varna from [[Raghuvanshi]] Rajput clan.<ref name="Falzonp32">{{cite book |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |first=Mark-Anthony |last=Falzon |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2004 |pages=32–33 |isbn=9789004140080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>

Among the Lohana jatis - a social grouping based on birth and kinship - are the Bhaibands, who by the time of the [[British Raj]] were held in a lesser useful than the [[Amils|Amil]] subgroup of Lohanas but who were the wealthiest as a result of their mobility and participation in trade. Although most of the Bhaibands around [[Nawabshah]], [[Tando Adam Khan]] and [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] in Sindh were ancestral [[Zamindaar]] and [[Jagir]]dars. They were also known for their fierce attitude and very well respected in surrounding Muslim population. Falzon considers their trade-sourced wealth to be their "distinguishing characteristic" among the Hindus of Sindh.<ref name="Falzonp32" />{{efn|Falzon notes that traders in small localities might be called bania or hatvania. It is unclear whether he is including the Bhaibands in this nomenclature.<ref>{{cite book |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |first=Mark-Anthony |last=Falzon |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2004 |page=34 |isbn=9789004140080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref>}} Although it was generally uncommon, there was intermarriage between Amils, Bhaibands and another Lohana jati, the [[Sahiti]]s. The ritual prohibitions of caste, such as restrictions on eating and worshipping together, permeate life in south India but did not play a great role in the life of Sindhis. Nonetheless, a hierarchy existed and, according to Falzon, "still today, Bhaibands are seen by Amils as unpolished, having poor aesthetic tastes, and given to vulgar displays of wealth".<ref>{{cite book |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |first=Mark-Anthony |last=Falzon |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2004 |page=35 |isbn=9789004140080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC}}</ref> While Bhaibands always saw Amils as subservient to rulers or government and doubt their own ability to be rich and successful.

==See also==
*[[Khudabad]]
*[[Khudabadi script]]
*[[Purswani]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
| last = Malkani
| first =KR
| title = THE SINDH STORY
| publisher = Urbana-Champaign : Nadeem Jamali
| year = 1984
| oclc = 48506292 }}
* {{cite journal
| last = Falzon
| first = Mark-Anthony
| title = Bombay, Our Cultural Heart': Rethinking the relation between homeland and diaspora
| journal = Ethnic and Racial Studies
| volume = 26
| issue = 4
| pages = 662–683
| date = July 2003
| doi =10.1080/0141987032000087352
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Markovits
| first = Claude
| title = Indian Merchant Networks outside India in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Preliminary Survey
| journal = Modern Asian Studies
| volume = 33
| issue = 4
| pages = 883–911
| date = October 1999
| doi =10.1017/S0026749X99003467
}}

[[Category:Lohana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]