Bhai Parmanand - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 6 February 2026
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December ~~2022~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian nationalist and prominent leader of the Ghadar Party and Hindu Mahasabha}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
	~~[[File:~~Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg\|~~thumb\|~~Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India]]		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2016}}
	'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism\|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[~~Hindu Mahasabha~~]].		{{Infobox person
	[[~~File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg\|thumb\|Bhai Parmanand~~]]		\| name = Bhai Parmanand
			\| image = Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg
			\| caption = Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India
			\| birth_date = 4 November 1876
			\| birth_place = Karyala, [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)\|Punjab Province]], [[British India]]<br>{{small\|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]])}}
			\| death_date = 8 December 1947
			\| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
			\| death_cause =
			\| occupation = [[Revolutionary]] • [[Freedom Fighter]]
			\| organization = [[Ghadar Party]]
			\| known_for = • Founding member of [[Ghadar Party]]<br />• [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]
			\| movement = [[Indian Independence Movement]] • [[Ghadar Movement]]
			\| notable_works = ''Tarikh-i-Hind''
			\| monuments = [[Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies]]
			\| children = [[Bhai Mahavir]]
			\| other_names =
			\| website =
			}}
			'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism\|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[Ghadar Party]] and [[Hindu Mahasabha]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Parmanand was born ~~into~~ a prominent family of the [[~~Punjab (India)\|Punjab~~]]~~, Mohyal Brahmins~~.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab \|last=Singh \|first=Fauja \|publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies \|year=1972}}</ref> ~~His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.~~		Parmanand was born on 4 November 1876 in [[Karyala]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan]]) to Bhai Tara Chand Chibber in a prominent Punjabi [[Mohyal Brahmin]] family and his father was an active religious missionary within the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab \|last=Singh \|first=Fauja \|publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies \|year=1972}}</ref>

	==Views on partition==		==Views on partition==
	While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=978-1-4008-2803-6\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>		While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=978-1-4008-2803-6\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam\|last1=Islam \|first1=Shamsul }}</ref>

	==Overseas missions==		==Overseas missions==

	In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September ~~2022~~}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February ~~2022~~}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].		In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].

	Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August ~~2022~~}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>		Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November ~~2022~~}}		Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November 2012}}

	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
	An Institute of Business Studies ~~was named after him~~ in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir\|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx\|access-date=2021-03-30\|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref>		Named after him are the [[Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies]] in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223203/http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP \|date=15 December 2018 }}. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir\|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx\|access-date=2021-03-30\|website=www.bvmschool.in\|archive-date=19 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419131816/http://bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

			== Books ==

			* Mera Antim Ashraya<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxrjYTr6zt0C&pg=PA5 \|title=Mera Antim Ashraya : Srimadbhagwadgita: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Mera Antim Ashraya : Srimadbhagwadgita \|date=2009-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-380-8 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhai Permanand \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.478339 \|title=Mera Antim Asharya Srimadbhagvat Geeta \|date=2003}}</ref>
			* The Story of My Life<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CHMoCHJl98C&q=bhai+parmanand+books \|title=The Story of My Life: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: The Story of My Life \|date=2003-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-87100-38-6 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Books by Bhai Parmanand - Prabhat Prakashan \|url=https://www.prabhatbooks.com/author/bhai-parmanand.htm \|access-date=2024-07-05 \|website=www.prabhatbooks.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.238019 \|title=The Story Of My Life (1934) \|date=1934 \|publisher=The Central Hindu Yuvak Sabha, Lahore}}</ref>
			* Kāle pānī kī kārāvāsa kahānī āpabītī<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpYaSxQYXXIC&q=bhai+parmanand+books \|title=Kale Pani Ki Karawas Kahani : Aapbeeti: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Kale Pani Ki Karawas Kahani : Aapbeeti \|date=2002-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-381-5 \|language=hi}}</ref>
			* Jeevan Rahasya<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoR_lJSRp6EC \|title=Jivana rahasya: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Jivana rahasya \|date=2008-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-88139-99-6 \|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bhai Parmanand \|url=http://archive.org/details/bhai-parmanand \|title=हिन्दू जीवन का रहस्य (Bhai Parmanand) \|date=1985}}</ref>
			* Veer Vairagi<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parmanand \|first=Bhai \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3T5gOpzTooC \|title=Veer Vairagi: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Veer Vairagi \|date=2002-01-01 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-81-7315-382-2 \|language=hi}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

	* [[Arya Samaj~~\|Arya Samajis~~]]		* [[Arya Samaj]]is
	* [[Hindu reform movements\|Hindu reformists]]		* [[Hindu reform movements\|Hindu reformists]]

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	[[Category:1876 births]]		[[Category:1876 births]]
	[[Category:1947 deaths]]		[[Category:1947 deaths]]
	[[Category:Punjab, India ~~politicians~~]]		[[Category:Politicians from Punjab, India]]
	[[Category:Arya Samajis]]		[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
	[[Category:Ghadar Party]]		[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
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	[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]		[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]
	[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]		[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
			[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

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2022-07-25T17:50:18Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:20, 25 July 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December ~~2018~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2022}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2022}}
	[[File:Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India]]		[[File:Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India]]
	'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism\|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]].		'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism\|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]].
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	==Views on partition==		==Views on partition==
	While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=1-4008-2803-1\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117~~/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!~~\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>		While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=978-1-4008-2803-6\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>

	==Overseas missions==		==Overseas missions==

	In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September ~~2007~~}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February ~~2006~~}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].		In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].

	Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August ~~2008~~}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>		Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August 2022}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November ~~2012~~}}		Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November 2022}}

	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
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	[[Category:Arya Samajis]]		[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
	[[Category:Ghadar Party]]		[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
	[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]		[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
	[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]		[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
	[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]		[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
	[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]		[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]
	[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]		[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]

->Felida97: Reverted edits by 2402:8100:2860:84EE:0:0:C75:4A7F (talk) to last version by 58.182.176.169

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Reverted edits by 2402:8100:2860:84EE:0:0:C75:4A7F (talk) to last version by 58.182.176.169

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See also: expanded

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	[[File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg\|thumb\|Bhai Parmanand]]		[[File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg\|thumb\|Bhai Parmanand]]

	==~~Biography~~==		==Early life==
	Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]], Mohyal Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab \|last=Singh \|first=Fauja \|publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies \|year=1972}}</ref> His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.		Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]], Mohyal Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab \|last=Singh \|first=Fauja \|publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies \|year=1972}}</ref> His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.

			==Views on partition==
	While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=1-4008-2803-1\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>		While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim\|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Parmanand, Bhai \|title=The Story of my Life\|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe \|title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193\|date= 2009\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|isbn=1-4008-2803-1\|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!\|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory\|access-date=19 May 2007\|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>

			==Overseas missions==

	In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].		In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas\|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1\|publisher=Hindustan Network\|access-date=5 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813\|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|title=Arya Spiritual Center\|last=Lal\|first=Prita\|date=1 May 2005\|publisher=Hinduism Here\|access-date=30 August 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html\|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism\|anarchist movement]].
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	Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>		Parmanand toured several [[British Empire\|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon\|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party\|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom\|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html \|title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India \|last=Singh \|first=Jaspal \|publisher=All About Sikhs \|access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

			==Death==
	Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November 2012}}		Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed\|date=November 2012}}

			==Legacy==
	An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir\|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx\|access-date=2021-03-30\|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref>		An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir\|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx\|access-date=2021-03-30\|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref>

			==See also==

			* [[Arya Samaj\|Arya Samajis]]
			* [[Hindu reform movements\|Hindu reformists]]

	==References==		==References==
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	{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}		{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
			{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

>BrownHairedGirl: remove navbox {{Indian Independence Movement}}, which doesn't link here

2021-05-05T22:17:22Z

remove navbox {{Indian Independence Movement}}, which doesn't link here

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
[[File:Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India]]
'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]].
[[File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg|thumb|Bhai Parmanand]]

==Biography==
Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], Mohyal Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab |last=Singh |first=Fauja |publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies |year=1972}}</ref> His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.

While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Parmanand, Bhai |title=The Story of my Life|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe |title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193|date= 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=1-4008-2803-1|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory|access-date=19 May 2007|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref>

In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1|publisher=Hindustan Network|access-date=5 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|title=Arya Spiritual Center|last=Lal|first=Prita|date=1 May 2005|publisher=Hinduism Here|access-date=30 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism|anarchist movement]].

Parmanand toured several [[British Empire|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html |title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India |last=Singh |first=Jaspal |publisher=All About Sikhs |access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx|access-date=2021-03-30|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*''The Story of My Life'' by Bhai Parmanand, translated by N. Sundra Iyer and Lal Chand, The Central Hindu Yuvak Sabha, Lahore, 1934

{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmanand, Bhai}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjab, India politicians]]
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]