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{{Short description|American judge (born 1965)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Beth Robinson
|image = Beth Robinson (Judge) (cropped).jpg
|caption =
|office = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]]
|term_start = November 5, 2021
|term_end =
|appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Joe Biden]]
|predecessor = [[Peter W. Hall]]
|successor =
|office1 = Associate Justice of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]
|termstart1 = November 28, 2011
|termend1 = November 5, 2021
|appointer1 = [[Peter Shumlin]]
|preceded1 = [[Denise R. Johnson]]
|successor1 = [[Nancy Waples]]
|office2 = Legal Counsel to the [[Governor of Vermont]]
|term_start2 = January 5, 2011
|term_end2 = November 27, 2011
|governor2 = Peter Shumlin
|preceded2 = Susanne R. Young
|succeeded2 = Sarah E.B. London
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|3|6}}
|birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
|death_date =
|residence = [[Ferrisburgh, Vermont]]
|spouse = Kym Boyman
|alma_mater = [[Dartmouth College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[University of Chicago Law School|University of Chicago]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}

'''Beth Robinson''' (born March 6, 1965) is an American lawyer and judge from [[Vermont]]. She is a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] and is the first openly lesbian judge to serve on any Circuit Court. Robinson served as an associate justice of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]] from 2011 to 2021.

Robinson was born in [[Karachi]], Pakistan, and she was raised and educated in [[Indiana]]. She graduated from [[Dartmouth College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], 1986) and the [[University of Chicago Law School]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]], 1989). After serving as a law clerk for a federal judge, Robinson joined [[Vermont]]'s Langrock, Sperry & Wool law firm, where she was active on cases related to workers' compensation, personal injury, and constitutional law. Robinson became active in the movement for expanded rights for gays and lesbians, and served as co-counsel in the case of ''[[Baker v. State]]'', the 1999 decision that led to Vermont passing the first [[civil unions in Vermont|civil unions]] law. As chair of the Vermont Freedom to Marry organization, Robinson was a high-profile supporter of [[same-sex marriage]], and worked with leaders of the [[Vermont General Assembly]] on passage of the 2009 [[Marriage Equality Act (Vermont)|Marriage Equality Act]].

After working on [[Peter Shumlin]]'s successful campaign for governor in 2010, Robinson joined his staff as legal counsel, a position which included drafting and analyzing proposed legislation and regulations, making recommendations on whether to approve requests for pardons, and ensuring compliance with ethics rules. In 2011, Shumlin appointed Robinson as an associate justice of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]. She served until 2021, when she resigned after having been confirmed as a judge on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]].

== Early life and education ==
Robinson was born in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], on March 6, 1965, the daughter of Dr. Robert D. Robinson Jr. and Cynthia (Pittenger) Robinson.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 7, 1952 |title=Robert Robinson To Wed Cynthia Pittenger August 24 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89977129/robinson-pittenger/ |work=[[Indianapolis News]] |location=Indianapolis, IN |page=24 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 23, 1972 |title=Hospital Ball Promises To Be An Adventure: Mrs. Robert (Cynny) Robinson |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89976820/cynny-robinson/ |work=The Times-Mail |location=Bedford, IN |page=13 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://vettingroom.org/tag/justice-beth-robinson/ |title=Justice Beth Robinson – Nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit |date=August 16, 2021 |website=The Vetting Room |publisher=Harsh Voruganti |location=Arlington, VA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Robinson%20SJQ%20Public%20FINAL.pdf|title=Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees, Beth Robinson |last=Committee on the Judiciary |publisher=U.S. Senate |location=Washington, DC |access-date=September 13, 2021 |page=1 |ref={{sfnRef|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"}}}}</ref> Robinson's father worked in Pakistan at the time of her birth, and she was raised in [[Indiana]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Robert D. Jr. |display-authors=et al. |date=October 1966 |title=Acute Rheumatic Fever in Karachi, Pakistan |url=https://ur.booksc.eu/book/15777140/beb398 |journal=The American Journal of Cardiology |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=548–551 |doi=10.1016/0002-9149(66)90009-9|pmid=5923981 }}</ref>{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=1}} In 1982, she graduated from [[Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School]] in [[Indianapolis]].<ref name="Seniors">{{cite news |date=May 28, 1982 |title=County's No. 1 Seniors Planning Careers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86161914/seniors-robinson/ |work=[[Indianapolis News]] |location=Indianapolis, IN |page=8 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |editor-last=Fitzgerald |editor-first=Jennifer (Infanger) |date=Spring 2010 |title=Alumni Notes: Beth Robinson '82 |url=https://issuu.com/brebeufjesuit/docs/bylines_spring_2010/34 |magazine=Brebeuf Bylines |location=Indianapolis, IN |publisher=Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School |page=32 |via=Issuu.com}}</ref> While at Brebeuf, Robinson was a member of the basketball and tennis teams, the French club, and the orchestra.<ref name="Seniors"/> She won honors in mathematics contests and won the Optimist's Club's oratorical contest.<ref name="Seniors"/> At graduation, Robinson was named a [[National Merit Scholarship Program|National Merit Scholar]].<ref name="Seniors"/>

In 1986, Robinson received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[philosophy]] and [[government]] from [[Dartmouth College]], and she graduated ''[[summa cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]].{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=6}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bonauto |first1=Mary |last2=Murray |first2=Susan M. |last3=Robinson |first3=Beth |date=1999 |title=The Freedom to Marry for Same-Sex Couples: The Opening Appellate Brief of Plaintiffs Stan Baker Et Al. In Baker Et Al. V. State of Vermont |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232697976.pdf |magazine=Michigan Journal of Gender & Law |location=Ann Arbor, MI |publisher=University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=May–June 2019 |title=Words of Wisdom: Eighteen alums offer new graduates advice to live by |url=https://dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/articles/words-wisdom |magazine=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine |location=Hanover, NH |publisher=Dartmouth College}}</ref><ref name="Olinick">{{cite news |last=Olinick |first=Michael |date=January 1, 2010 |title=Vermonter of the Year nominations for Beth Robinson |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86191296/vermonter-robinson/ |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |location=Burlington, VT |page=4A |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> During 1985, she spent a semester abroad as a student at the [[University of Edinburgh]].{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=1}}

Robinson graduated from the [[University of Chicago Law School]] in 1989, and was admitted to the [[Order of the Coif]].<ref name="Olinick"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Galloway |first=Anne |date=October 18, 2011 |title=Gay marriage activist named to Vermont Supreme Court |url=https://vtdigger.org/2011/10/18/robinson_appointed_vt_supreme_court/ |work=VT Digger |location=Montpelier, VT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/lawday.pdf |title=Dartmouth College Law Day Panel: Introduction, Beth Robinson |last=Donin |first=Robert |date=December 15, 2009 |website=Vermontlaw.edu |publisher=Vermont Law School |location=South Royalton, VT |access-date=October 4, 2021 |page=1}}</ref> She was a recipient of the [[Floyd R. Mechem House|Mechem]] Prize, a full merit scholarship.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=6}} While in law school, Robinson was a member of the ''[[University of Chicago Law Review]]''<ref>{{cite journal |editor-last1=Eisgruber |editor-first1=Christopher L. |date=Winter 1988 |title=Front Matter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1599768 |journal=The University of Chicago Law Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |page=Title |jstor=1599768 |jstor-access=free}}</ref> and then served as an associate editor.<ref>{{cite journal |editor-last1=Barry |editor-first1=James T. |date=Winter 1989 |title=Front Matter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1599685 |journal=The University of Chicago Law Review |volume=56 |issue=1 |page=Title |jstor=1599685 |jstor-access=free}}</ref>

== Legal career ==
After graduating from law school, Robinson was a [[law clerk]] for Judge [[David B. Sentelle]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] from 1989 to 1990.<ref name="Heintz">{{cite news |last1=Heintz |first1=Paul |last2=Duffort |first2=Lola |date=August 5, 2021 |title=Biden names Justice Beth Robinson, a champion of marriage equality, to federal appellate court |url=https://vtdigger.org/2021/08/05/biden-names-justice-beth-robinson-to-federal-appellate-court/ |work=VT Digger |location=Montpelier, VT}}</ref> She was an [[associate attorney]] at [[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom]] of [[Washington, D.C.]] from 1990 to 1991 and self employed as an attorney under contract by [[Philip Hirschkop|Hirschkop]] & Associates of [[Alexandria, Virginia]] from 1992 to 1993.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=96}} Robinson was employed for 18 years at Langrock, Sperry & Wool, a law firm with offices in [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]] and [[Middlebury, Vermont|Middlebury]].<ref name="Heintz"/> While there, she worked on issues of workers' compensation, personal injury, constitutional law and, most prominently, gay and lesbian rights.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.addisonindependent.com/201011miller-gets-post-shumlin-cabinet|title=Miller gets post in Shumlin cabinet|date=November 24, 2010|work=[[Addison County Independent]]|access-date=November 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103065656/http://www.addisonindependent.com/201011miller-gets-post-shumlin-cabinet|archive-date=January 3, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Robinson served as co-counsel in the case of ''[[Baker v. State]]'', the landmark 1999 decision that led to Vermont becoming the first state to enact [[civil unions in Vermont|civil unions]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/234200-vermont-gov-appoints-counsel-to-supreme-court|title=Vermont gov appoints counsel to supreme court|date=October 24, 2011|work=Legal Newsline}}</ref> She was subsequently involved in the 2009 legislative battle to enact [[same-sex marriage]], chairing the Vermont Freedom to Marry advocacy organization and working closely with [[Peter Shumlin]], a prominent supporter of same-sex marriage, who was then [[President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate|President ''pro tempore'']] of the [[Vermont Senate]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wcax.com/story/15721381/governor-appoints-beth-robinson-to-vt-supco|title=Governor appoints Beth Robinson to Vt SupCo|work=[[WCAX]]|date=October 18, 2011|access-date=November 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020053841/http://www.wcax.com/story/15721381/governor-appoints-beth-robinson-to-vt-supco|archive-date=October 20, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In addition to practicing law, Robinson has also taught at the college level.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=3}} She was a senior lecturer at Dartmouth College during the 2006 summer term and again during the 2009 spring term.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=3}} Robinson served as a [[Justice of the peace#Vermont|justice of the peace]] for the town of Ferrisburgh from 2003 to 2011.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=95}} In 2008, she was a delegate to the [[2008 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] and pledged to support [[Hillary Clinton]].{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|page=95}}

From 1999 to 2010, Robinson served on the Vermont Board of Bar Examiners.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|pages=6-7}} She was an associate member from 1999 to 2003, and an examiner from 2003 to 2009.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|pages=6-7}} From 2009 to 2010 she served as the board's vice chair, and she served as chair in 2010.{{sfn|"Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"|pages=6-7}} Robinson was active in Shumlin's successful [[2010 Vermont gubernatorial election|2010 gubernatorial campaign]], then joined his administration as his general counsel.<ref name="Heintz"/>

== Judicial career ==
=== Vermont Supreme Court ===
On October 18, 2011, Shumlin announced he was appointing Robinson to the [[Associate Justice]]'s seat on the [[Vermont Supreme Court]] that had been vacated by [[Denise R. Johnson]]'s retirement in August 2011.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 19, 2011 |title=Beth Robinson Appointed to Vermont Supreme Court|url=https://vtbarfoundation.org/news/beth-robinson-appointed-to-vermont-supreme-court/|work=Vermont Bar Foundation News|publisher=Vermont Bar Foundation|location=Montpelier, VT}}</ref> Since the Senate was not in session at the time, Robinson's appointment was considered interim until the Senate convened and acted upon her nomination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutes/const2.htm|title=Vermont Constitution, Section 33}}</ref> She was sworn in as an interim member of the court on November 28, 2011.<ref name="sworn">{{cite news|url=http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20111128/NEWS03/111128020/Same-sex-marriage-advocate-joins-Vermont-Supreme-Court|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118162949/http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20111128/NEWS03/111128020/Same-sex-marriage-advocate-joins-Vermont-Supreme-Court|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2013|title=Same-sex marriage advocate joins Vermont Supreme Court|date=November 28, 2011|work=[[The Burlington Free Press]]}}</ref> The Senate voted on her nomination on February 7, 2012, and approved it by a 26–0 vote.<ref name="sen">{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2012/journal/sj120207.pdf|title=Journal of the Vermont Senate: February 7, 2012}}</ref> Four of the thirty senators were absent for the vote: all four announced their support for Robinson's nomination the following day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2012/journal/sj120208.pdf|title=Journal of the Vermont Senate: February 8, 2012}}</ref> Her service terminated when she resigned after being confirmed as a judge on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]].<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 2021 |title=Scott to pick successor for vacant seat on the Vermont Supreme Court |url=https://vtdigger.org/news-brief/scott-to-pick-successor-for-vacant-seat-on-the-vermont-supreme-court/ |work=VT Digger |location=Montpelier, VT}}</ref>

=== Federal judicial service ===
On August 5, 2021, President [[Joe Biden]] nominated Robinson to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] for the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|Second Circuit]].<ref name="WHBio">{{Cite press release|title=President Biden Names Sixth Round of Judicial Nominees|date=August 5, 2021|publisher=The White House|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/08/05/president-biden-names-sixth-round-of-judicial-nominees/|access-date=August 5, 2021}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> President Biden nominated Robinson to the seat vacated by Judge [[Peter W. Hall]], who assumed [[senior status]] on March 4, 2021.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|date=August 5, 2021|publisher=The White House|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/08/05/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-31/}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> On September 14, 2021, a hearing on her nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/09/07/2021/nominations United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Nominations for September 14, 2021]</ref> During Robinson's confirmation hearing, she faced questioning from Republican Senators over her views on religious freedom.<ref name="Bradley">{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Pat|date=September 17, 2021|title=U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Holds Hearing On Nomination Of Vermont Supreme Court Justice To Second Circuit Court Of Appeals|url=https://www.wamc.org/news/2021-09-17/u-s-senate-judiciary-committee-holds-hearing-on-nomination-of-vermont-supreme-court-justice-to-second-circuit-court-of-appeals|work=WAMC Radio|location=Albany, NY}}</ref> As a lawyer in private practice, she had represented a woman who sued a local print shop for refusing to print cards for an organization called Vermont Catholics for Choice.<ref name="Bradley"/> The owners of the print shop, who were Catholic, said they did not believe Catholics could support abortion.<ref name="Bradley"/> On October 21, 2021, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 10–9 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – October 21, 2021|date=October 21, 2021|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%20-%20October%2021,%202021.pdf|access-date=November 19, 2022}}</ref> On October 25, 2021, Majority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]] filed [[cloture]] on her nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PN998 — Beth Robinson — The Judiciary |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/998 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> On October 28, 2021, the [[United States Senate]] invoked cloture on her nomination by a 51–36 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2021|title=On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Beth Robinson, of Vermont, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00447.htm|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=United States Senate}}</ref> On November 1, 2021, her nomination was confirmed by a 51–45 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00449|title=On the Nomination (Confirmation: Beth Robison, of Vermont, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)|date=November 1, 2021|website=United States Senate|access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> She received her judicial commission on November 5, 2021.<ref>{{FJC Bio|nid=10959341|inline=yes}}</ref> She is the first openly gay woman to serve on any federal circuit court.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2021|title=Biden Announces Two Lesbian Nominees to Federal Judiciary|url=https://www.advocate.com/news/2021/8/05/biden-announces-two-lesbian-nominees-federal-judiciary|access-date=August 5, 2021|website=www.advocate.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
===Family===
Robinson is a resident of [[Ferrisburgh, Vermont|Ferrisburgh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20111021/NEWS/110219356/1052|title=Vt. gov.'s high court nominee pushed civil unions, marriage law|date=October 21, 2011|work=[[Worcester Telegram & Gazette]]}}</ref> She and her wife Kym Boyman entered into a civil union in 2001 and got married in 2010.<ref name="sworn" />

===Honors and awards===
Robinson is the recipient of the following awards:

*Vermonter of the Year for 2009, ''[[The Burlington Free Press]]''<ref>{{cite news |date=January 1, 2010 |title=Vermonter of the Year is Beth Robinson |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94582879/robinson-vermonter/ |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |location=Burlington, VT |page=4 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
*[[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D.), [[Middlebury College]], 2010<ref>{{cite news |date=May 22, 2010 |title=This Weekend's College Commencements |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94583813/weekends-commencements/ |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]]|location=Burlington, VT |page=3C |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
*[[Doctor of Humane Letters]] (DHL), [[Johnson State College]], 2012<ref>{{cite news |date=May 12, 2012 |title=JSC Awards 416 Degrees at 145th Commencement |url=https://www.northernvermont.edu/johnson-state-awards-416-degrees-at-145th-commencement/ |work=Johnson State College News |publisher=Northern Vermont University, Johnson Campus |location=Johnson, Vermont |access-date=February 15, 2022}}</ref>
*LL.D., [[Burlington College]], 2012<ref>{{cite news |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Commencements: Burlington College |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94583492/commencements-burlington/ |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |location=Burlington, VT |page=2B |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
*LL.D., [[Vermont Law School]], 2014<ref>{{cite news |date=April 30, 2014 |title=Vt. Supreme Court Justice Beth Robinson to deliver Vermont Law School commencement address |url=https://vtdigger.org/2014/04/30/vt-supreme-court-justice-beth-robinson-deliver-vermont-law-school-commencement-address/ |work=VT Digger |location=Montpelier, VT}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of LGBT state supreme court justices in the United States]]
* [[List of LGBT jurists in the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{FJC Bio|nid=10959341}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Denise R. Johnson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Justice of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]|years=2011–2021}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nancy Waples]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Peter W. Hall]]}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]]}}|years=2021–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{USCourtsOfAppealsJudges}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robinson, Beth}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American judges]]
[[Category:21st-century American LGBT people]]
[[Category:21st-century American women judges]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College faculty]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]]
[[Category:Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court]]
[[Category:LGBT appointed officials in the United States]]
[[Category:LGBT judges]]
[[Category:LGBT lawyers]]
[[Category:American lesbians]]
[[Category:American LGBT rights activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People from Ferrisburgh, Vermont]]
[[Category:People from Karachi]]
[[Category:United States court of appeals judges appointed by Joe Biden]]
[[Category:University of Chicago Law School alumni]]

Beth Robinson - Revision history

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