Bengal tiger - Revision history

Developer.mubin: small changes

2026-05-02T18:12:21Z

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CleanupBot: /* Hunting and diet */clean up

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Hunting and diet: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:02, 8 October 2023
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	Results of scat analyses indicate that the tigers in Nagarahole National Park preferred prey weighing more than {{Cvt\|176\|kg}} and that on average tiger prey weighed {{Cvt\|91.5\|kg}}. The prey species included chital, sambar, wild pig and gaur. Gaur remains were found in 44.8% of all tiger scat samples, sambar remains in 28.6%, wild pig remains in 14.3% and chital remains in 10.4% of all scat samples.<ref name="K&S95">{{Cite journal \|last1=Karanth \|first1=K. U. \|last2=Sunquist \|first2=M. E. \|name-list-style=amp \|date=1995 \|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests \|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=439–450 \|doi=10.2307/5647 \|jstor=5647}}</ref> In Bandipur National Park, gaur and sambar together also constituted 73% of tiger diet.<ref name="Andheria2007" />		Results of scat analyses indicate that the tigers in Nagarahole National Park preferred prey weighing more than {{Cvt\|176\|kg}} and that on average tiger prey weighed {{Cvt\|91.5\|kg}}. The prey species included chital, sambar, wild pig and gaur. Gaur remains were found in 44.8% of all tiger scat samples, sambar remains in 28.6%, wild pig remains in 14.3% and chital remains in 10.4% of all scat samples.<ref name="K&S95">{{Cite journal \|last1=Karanth \|first1=K. U. \|last2=Sunquist \|first2=M. E. \|name-list-style=amp \|date=1995 \|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests \|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=439–450 \|doi=10.2307/5647 \|jstor=5647}}</ref> In Bandipur National Park, gaur and sambar together also constituted 73% of tiger diet.<ref name="Andheria2007" />

	In most cases, tigers approach their victim from the side or behind from as close a distance as possible and grasp the prey's throat to kill it. Then they drag the carcass into cover, occasionally over several hundred metres, to consume it. The nature of the tiger's hunting method and prey availability results in a "feast or famine" feeding style: they often consume {{Cvt\|18\|-\|40\|kg}} of meat at one time.<ref name=Mazak1981 /> In one study, tigresses from [[Nepal]] made about 40–50 kills a year and ate a minimum of {{cvt\|5\|-\|6.3\|kg}} of meat a day. Two males made about 40–50 kills in a year and ate {{cvt\|6.3\|-\|7.8\|kg}} of meat a day at the least. <ref>Melvin E. Sunquest. [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6316/SCtZ-0336-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y The Social Organization of Tigers (panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal]. Smithsonian contributions to zoology. No.336</ref>		In most cases, tigers approach their victim from the side or behind from as close a distance as possible and grasp the prey's throat to kill it. Then they drag the carcass into cover, occasionally over several hundred metres, to consume it. The nature of the tiger's hunting method and prey availability results in a "feast or famine" feeding style: they often consume {{Cvt\|18\|-\|40\|kg}} of meat at one time.<ref name=Mazak1981 /> In one study, tigresses from [[Nepal]] made about 40–50 kills a year and ate a minimum of {{cvt\|5\|-\|6.3\|kg}} of meat a day. Two males made about 40–50 kills in a year and ate {{cvt\|6.3\|-\|7.8\|kg}} of meat a day at the least.<ref>Melvin E. Sunquest. [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6316/SCtZ-0336-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y The Social Organization of Tigers (panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal]. Smithsonian contributions to zoology. No.336</ref>

	If injured, old or weak, or when its regular prey species become scarce, tigers often attack humans and become [[man-eater]]s.<ref name="mazak1996">{{Cite book \|author=Mazak, V. \|year=1996 \|title=Der Tiger : ''Panthera tigris'' \|location=Magdeburg, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford \|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften \|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0}}</ref>		If injured, old or weak, or when its regular prey species become scarce, tigers often attack humans and become [[man-eater]]s.<ref name="mazak1996">{{Cite book \|author=Mazak, V. \|year=1996 \|title=Der Tiger : ''Panthera tigris'' \|location=Magdeburg, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford \|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften \|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0}}</ref>

Kamal Guha: Category added

2023-08-05T11:15:43Z

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	[[Category:Felids of India]]		[[Category:Felids of India]]
			[[Category:Mammals of India]]
	[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]
	[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]		[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]

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External links

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger, Bengal}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger, Bengal}}
	[[Category:Felids of India]]		[[Category:Felids of India]]
			[[Category:Provincial symbols of Banga Praant (India)]]
	[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)]]		[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)]]
	[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]

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			{{Biology-stub}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger, Bengal}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger, Bengal}}
	[[Category:Felids of India]]		[[Category:Felids of India]]
			[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)]]
	[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]
	[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]

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	[[Category:Felids of India]]		[[Category:Felids of India]]
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	[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]
	[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]		[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]

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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	~~{{Source\|Wiki\|S}}~~
	==Other websites==		==Other websites==
	{{wikispecies-inline\|Panthera tigris tigris}}<br/>		{{wikispecies-inline\|Panthera tigris tigris}}<br/>
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	[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]		[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]


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	== Survival ==		== Survival ==
	In 2010 it became [[Endangered species\|endangered]] by [[IUCN]]. There are less than 2,500 of these tigers.<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN \|assessors=Chundawat, R. S., Khan, J. A., Mallon, D. P. \|year=2010 \|id=136899 \|taxon=Panthera tigris tigris \|version=2011.2}}</ref> There are about 1,520–1,909 in [[India]], 440 in [[Bangladesh]], 124–229 in [[Nepal]] and 67–81 in [[Bhutan]].<ref>Jhala, Y.V., Qureshi, Q., Sinha, P.R. (2011). ''Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India''. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt of India and the Wildlife Institute of India, New Delhi and Dehra Dun, India.</ref><ref name=gtrp11>Global Tiger Initiative. (2011). [http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/download/St_Petersburg/GTRP_Nov11_Final_Version_Eng.pdf ''Global Tiger Recovery Program 2010–2022''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826004608/http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/download/St_Petersburg/GTRP_Nov11_Final_Version_Eng.pdf \|date=2011-08-26 }}. Global Tiger Initiative Secretariat, Washington.</ref><ref name="tet2010">The Economic Times (2010). [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6233044.cms?prtpage=1 ''Nepal has 155 adult tigers, 5% of world population'']. Times Internet Limited</ref><ref name="sangay05">Sangay, T., Wangchuk, T. (2005). ''Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan 2006-2015''. Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan and WWF Bhutan Programme, Thimphu.</ref> New tiger census 2014 showed the population of tiger in [[India]] approximately 2,226 which is 30% more from 1706, counted in the year 2010.<ref name="rahulsingh">Corbett National Park. [http://www.corbett-national-park.com/blog/tourists-thronging-tiger-reserves-india.html ''With Increase in Tiger Population in India, Tourists Thronging Tiger Reserves in Huge Numbers'']. corbett-national-park.com</ref>Bengal tigers are [[~~Carnivore\|carnivores~~]]. Bengal tigers are [[~~Apex~~ predator~~\|apex predators~~]]. They eat [[deer]], [[buffalo]], [[wild boar]], [[~~Snake\|snakes~~]], [[fish]], [[~~Rabbit\|rabbits~~]], [[~~Rodent\|rodents~~]], [[~~Bird\|birds~~]], [[~~Monkey\|monkeys~~]] and even [[~~Sloth~~ bear~~\|sloth bears~~]] and [[~~Jackal\|jackals~~]].		In 2010 it became [[Endangered species\|endangered]] by [[IUCN]]. There are less than 2,500 of these tigers.<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN \|assessors=Chundawat, R. S., Khan, J. A., Mallon, D. P. \|year=2010 \|id=136899 \|taxon=Panthera tigris tigris \|version=2011.2}}</ref> There are about 1,520–1,909 in [[India]], 440 in [[Bangladesh]], 124–229 in [[Nepal]] and 67–81 in [[Bhutan]].<ref>Jhala, Y.V., Qureshi, Q., Sinha, P.R. (2011). ''Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India''. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt of India and the Wildlife Institute of India, New Delhi and Dehra Dun, India.</ref><ref name=gtrp11>Global Tiger Initiative. (2011). [http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/download/St_Petersburg/GTRP_Nov11_Final_Version_Eng.pdf ''Global Tiger Recovery Program 2010–2022''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826004608/http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/download/St_Petersburg/GTRP_Nov11_Final_Version_Eng.pdf \|date=2011-08-26 }}. Global Tiger Initiative Secretariat, Washington.</ref><ref name="tet2010">The Economic Times (2010). [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6233044.cms?prtpage=1 ''Nepal has 155 adult tigers, 5% of world population'']. Times Internet Limited</ref><ref name="sangay05">Sangay, T., Wangchuk, T. (2005). ''Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan 2006-2015''. Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan and WWF Bhutan Programme, Thimphu.</ref> New tiger census 2014 showed the population of tiger in [[India]] approximately 2,226 which is 30% more from 1706, counted in the year 2010.<ref name="rahulsingh">Corbett National Park. [http://www.corbett-national-park.com/blog/tourists-thronging-tiger-reserves-india.html ''With Increase in Tiger Population in India, Tourists Thronging Tiger Reserves in Huge Numbers'']. corbett-national-park.com</ref> Bengal tigers are [[carnivore]]s. Bengal tigers are [[apex predator]]s. They eat [[deer]], [[buffalo]], [[wild boar]], [[snake]]s, [[fish]], [[rabbit]]s, [[rodent]]s, [[bird]]s, [[monkey]]s and even [[sloth bear]]s and [[jackal]]s.

	== Appearance ==		== Appearance ==
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

			{{Source\|Wiki\|S}}
	==Other websites==		==Other websites==
	{{wikispecies-inline\|Panthera tigris tigris}}<br/>		{{wikispecies-inline\|Panthera tigris tigris}}<br/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:02, 8 October 2023
Line 144:		Line 144:
	Results of scat analyses indicate that the tigers in Nagarahole National Park preferred prey weighing more than {{Cvt\|176\|kg}} and that on average tiger prey weighed {{Cvt\|91.5\|kg}}. The prey species included chital, sambar, wild pig and gaur. Gaur remains were found in 44.8% of all tiger scat samples, sambar remains in 28.6%, wild pig remains in 14.3% and chital remains in 10.4% of all scat samples.<ref name="K&S95">{{Cite journal \|last1=Karanth \|first1=K. U. \|last2=Sunquist \|first2=M. E. \|name-list-style=amp \|date=1995 \|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests \|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=439–450 \|doi=10.2307/5647 \|jstor=5647}}</ref> In Bandipur National Park, gaur and sambar together also constituted 73% of tiger diet.<ref name="Andheria2007" />		Results of scat analyses indicate that the tigers in Nagarahole National Park preferred prey weighing more than {{Cvt\|176\|kg}} and that on average tiger prey weighed {{Cvt\|91.5\|kg}}. The prey species included chital, sambar, wild pig and gaur. Gaur remains were found in 44.8% of all tiger scat samples, sambar remains in 28.6%, wild pig remains in 14.3% and chital remains in 10.4% of all scat samples.<ref name="K&S95">{{Cite journal \|last1=Karanth \|first1=K. U. \|last2=Sunquist \|first2=M. E. \|name-list-style=amp \|date=1995 \|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests \|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=439–450 \|doi=10.2307/5647 \|jstor=5647}}</ref> In Bandipur National Park, gaur and sambar together also constituted 73% of tiger diet.<ref name="Andheria2007" />

	In most cases, tigers approach their victim from the side or behind from as close a distance as possible and grasp the prey's throat to kill it. Then they drag the carcass into cover, occasionally over several hundred metres, to consume it. The nature of the tiger's hunting method and prey availability results in a "feast or famine" feeding style: they often consume {{Cvt\|18\|-\|40\|kg}} of meat at one time.<ref name=Mazak1981 /> In one study, tigresses from [[Nepal]] made about 40–50 kills a year and ate a minimum of {{cvt\|5\|-\|6.3\|kg}} of meat a day. Two males made about 40–50 kills in a year and ate {{cvt\|6.3\|-\|7.8\|kg}} of meat a day at the least. <ref>Melvin E. Sunquest. [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6316/SCtZ-0336-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y The Social Organization of Tigers (panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal]. Smithsonian contributions to zoology. No.336</ref>		In most cases, tigers approach their victim from the side or behind from as close a distance as possible and grasp the prey's throat to kill it. Then they drag the carcass into cover, occasionally over several hundred metres, to consume it. The nature of the tiger's hunting method and prey availability results in a "feast or famine" feeding style: they often consume {{Cvt\|18\|-\|40\|kg}} of meat at one time.<ref name=Mazak1981 /> In one study, tigresses from [[Nepal]] made about 40–50 kills a year and ate a minimum of {{cvt\|5\|-\|6.3\|kg}} of meat a day. Two males made about 40–50 kills in a year and ate {{cvt\|6.3\|-\|7.8\|kg}} of meat a day at the least.<ref>Melvin E. Sunquest. [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6316/SCtZ-0336-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y The Social Organization of Tigers (panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal]. Smithsonian contributions to zoology. No.336</ref>

	If injured, old or weak, or when its regular prey species become scarce, tigers often attack humans and become [[man-eater]]s.<ref name="mazak1996">{{Cite book \|author=Mazak, V. \|year=1996 \|title=Der Tiger : ''Panthera tigris'' \|location=Magdeburg, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford \|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften \|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0}}</ref>		If injured, old or weak, or when its regular prey species become scarce, tigers often attack humans and become [[man-eater]]s.<ref name="mazak1996">{{Cite book \|author=Mazak, V. \|year=1996 \|title=Der Tiger : ''Panthera tigris'' \|location=Magdeburg, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford \|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften \|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0}}</ref>