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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Talwara
| place = [[Talwara]]
| partof = [[Hill States-Sikh Wars]]
| date = 1770
| result = Sikh Victory
| combatant1 = [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|30px]] [[Ramgarhia Misl]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag_of_Kangra_state.png|30px]] [[Kangra State|Kangra]]
| commander1 = [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|20px]] [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag_of_Kangra_state.png|20px]] Raja Ghamand Chand
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}
{{Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars}}
The '''Battle of Talwara''' was fought in 1770 by the Sikh forces led by [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]] and the Kangra forces led by Raja Ghamand Chand.

==Background==

The Sikhs and the Hill States were big enemies during the time of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="Encyclopedia2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&dq=battle+of+anandpur+(1682)&pg=PA150|title=The Sikh reference book|author= Harajindara Siṅgha Dilagīra|date=1997|pages=150|isbn=9788170103011}}</ref> They had fought over the disputed city of [[Anandpur Sahib]] until the [[Second Siege of Anandpur|Treaty of Anandpur]] which stated that if the Guru leaves Anandpur, he will never have to fight the hill states.<ref name="max">{{Cite book|last=Macauliffe|first=Max Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMeclUzAh9sC&pg=PA181|title=The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1108055475|page=181|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jas">{{Cite book|last=Grewal|first=J.S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT117|title=Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk|date=2019|publisher=OUP India|isbn=978-0190990381|pages=117|language=en}}</ref> The Guru agreed, and Anandpur was officially a Hill State city until Banda Singh Bahadur defeated [[Battle of Bilaspur (1711)|Kahlur]] and annexed the land, including Anandpur.<ref name ="Harbans">{{cite book|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans Kaur|url=https://archive.org/details/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/page/n205/mode/2up|year=2001|isbn=9788176293006|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |pages=190}}</ref><ref name=Tactics>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghlfDwAAQBAJ&dq=kahlur+1300&pg=PT69|title=Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs|author=D.S Saggu VSM|date=2018|isbn=9781642490060}}</ref> During the period of [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)]], the Sikhs maintained close relations with the Hill States. [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] once assisted the Hill States in order to [[Battle of Nadaun (1752)|defeat the Mughals]].<ref name=Ganda>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda|url=https://archive.org/details/SardarJassaSinghAhluwalia_651/page/n85/mode/2up|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|year=1990|pages=69}}</ref> However, no Sikh Sardar attacked the Hill States until Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in 1770.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gandhi |first1=Surjit Singh |title=Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century |date=1999 |publisher=Singh Bros |isbn=9788172052171 |page=471 |url=https://archive.org/details/SikhsInTheEighteenthCentury/page/473/mode/2up?q=ramgarhia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Iqbal |title=The Quest for the Past |date=8 December 2017 |isbn=9781543455601 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Quest_for_the_Past/_ftDDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ramgarhia+1770&pg=PT85&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>

==Battle==

He attacked the Hill States first alone and then with [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]], in which they were repulsed. However, in the third time, a pitched battle was fought at Talwara in which he was successful.<ref name=Gupta>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls |date=1998 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=9788121505406 |page=280 |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n291/mode/2up}}</ref> This battle made states like Kangra, [[Nurpur kingdom|Nurpur]] and Chamba.<ref name="auto">Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India:Publication Bureau, Punjabi University.</ref> Kangra alone gave a tribute of 200,000 rupees to Jassa Singh Ramgarhia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Harbans |title=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism - Volume II E-L |date=1992 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=9788173802041 |page=359 |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/359/mode/2up?q=ramgarhia}}</ref>

==Aftermath==

To have control over the hills, the Sardar build a fort at Talwara in which his brother Mali Singh along with 4,000 horsemen stayed in.<ref name=Gupta/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Nihang]]
* [[Martyrdom in Sikhism|Martyrdom and Sikhism]]

[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs]]
[[Category:History of India]]

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Battle of Talwara (1770) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article