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{{Short description|17th century battle in India}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict = Battle of Purandar
| partof = [[Imperial Maratha Conquests]]
| date = 31 March 1665 – 12 June 1665
| place = [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]]
| territory =
| result = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory
* [[Shivaji]] surrenders.<ref name="purandar"/>
| status =
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_(triangular).svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Shivaji]] {{Surrendered}}<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Murarbaji]]{{KIA}}
| commander2 = [[File:Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_(triangular).svg|25px]] [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]]<br>[[File:Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_(triangular).svg|25px]] [[Diler Khan]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 = 14,000
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
}}
{{Campaignbox Later Mughal-Maratha Wars}}
The '''Battle of Purandar''' was fought between the [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Maratha Empire]] in 1665. The Mughal Emperor, [[Aurangzeb]], appointed [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]] to lead a 14,000 strong army against Shivaji and deputed several Mughal commanders like Dilir Khan, Rai Singh, Sujan Singh and Daud Khan to serve Jai Singh in his campaign.<ref name=JS>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&dq=jadunath+sarkar+jai+singh+shivaji&pg=PA80 Shivaji and His Times By Jadunath Sarkar] p.80</ref> to besiege [[Shivaji]]'s fortress at [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]]. After [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces killed [[Maratha]] General, [[Murarbaji]] on 2 June 1665, [[Shivaji]] surrendered and gave up 23 of his fortresses But soon he regained all his strength and all the fortresses that he lost in the Battle Of Purandar.<ref name="purandar">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=825|publisher=Greenwood Press|author= Jacques, Tony|date=30 November 2006 |isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref>{{Verify quote|date=May 2023}}

[[File:Jai Singh and Shivaji.jpg|thumb|[[Jai Singh I]] of [[Jaipur State|Amber]] receiving [[Shivaji]] a day before concluding the Treaty of Purandar (12 June 1665).]]

==Background==
Shivaji Maharaj attacked six Mughal generals at [[Lal Mahal]] of Poona (Now Pune). Then Shivaji Maharaj sacked [[Surat]], a prosperous port city back then which inhabited lots of rich merchants from all parts of India, China, Turkey, England and the Netherlands. Shivaji Maharaj got huge amount of wealth in this loot. Later, in 1665 Aurangzeb sent his general Mirza Raja [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]] to subdue Shivaji Maharaj and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] dynasty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times lo |publisher=Longmass, Green and co. |year=1920 |edition=Second |location=New York, United States of America |language=en}}</ref>

==Siege of Purandar==
Jai Singh besieged Purandar fort in 1665. He won the neighbouring Vajragad fort in the middle of April. He surrounded Purandar and attacked the walls of the fort with cannons. Marathas fought bravely. The commandant [[Murarbaji]] fought courageously. He with his selected 700 fighters made a sortie on Diler Khan, who was only second in command after Mirza Rajah Jai Singh. Diler Khan with his 5000 Afghans and some more troop of other races was trying to climb the hill. Marathas marched forward and attacked these Mughal enemy from all sides and fought severe fighting at close quarters. Murar Baji and his Maratha men slew 500 Pathan and Bahlia infantrymen. Murar Baji rushed towards Diler Khan. The later offered him high post under him and promised his life. Murar indignantly refused and was going to strike Diler Khan when the latter shot him down with an arrow.
The garrison continued the struggle. But due to the firing of cannons 5 towers and one stockade won by enemies. The garrison was heavily outnumbered against the numerically superior Mughals. They suffered huge casualties in the fight that lasted two months. Shivaji found it futile to prolong and resist. The families of Maratha officers were sheltered inside the fort, so its capture would cause captivity. Due to this, Shivaji decided to meet Jai Singh and offer terms of peace. If these were rejected, he would make alliance with Adil Shah by restoring Konkan and continuing war against the Mughals with renewed vigour.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

After winning the '''Battle of Purandar''', Mughals go to take [[Sanganer]] Fort, but Marathas did not give [[Sanganer]] Fort, then [[Diler Himmat Khan]] attacked [[Sanganer]] Fort and captured the fort, and 30,000 were killed in that fort<sup>[[H|[1]]]</sup>{{Verify quote|date=May 2023}}

== Treaty of Purandar ==
[[File:On the way to Purandar.jpg|thumb|[[Shivaji]] On the way to meet [[Jai Singh I]].]]
The ''Treaty of Purandar'' was signed on 11 June 1665, between [[Jai Singh I]], commander of the [[Mughal Empire]], and [[Shivaji]]. Shivaji Maharaj was forced to sign the agreement after Jai Singh besieged [[Purandar fort]]. When Shivaji Maharaj realised that war with the [[Mughal Empire]] would only cause damage to his empire with possibility of his men suffering heavy losses, he chose to enter the treaty instead of leaving his men under the Mughals.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

===Terms===
Following are the main points of the treaty:
# Shivaji kept twelve forts, along with an area worth an income of 100,000 (1 [[lakh]]) huns.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
# Shivaji was required to help the Mughals whenever and wherever required{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}.
# Shivaji's son [[Sambhaji]] was tasked with the command of a 5,000-strong force to fight for Mughals as Mansabdar.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
# If Shivaji wanted to claim the Konkan area under [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]]'s control, he would have to pay 4 million (40 lakh) hons to the Mughals.
# He had to give up his 23 forts, which include [[Purandar fort|Purandar]], Rudramal, [[Kondana]], [[Karnala Fort|Karnala]], [[Lohagad]], [[Visapur|Isagad]], Tung, [[Tikona]], [[Rohida fort]], Nardurga, [[Mahuli]], Bhandardurga, Palaskhol, Rupgad, Bakhtgad, Morabkhan, [[Manikgad (Raigad)]], Saroopgad, [[Sagargad]], Marakgad, [[Ghangad|Ankola]], [[Songad]], and [[Fort Mangad|Mangad]]. {{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

Along with these requirements, Shivaji agreed to visit [[Agra]] to meet [[Aurangzeb]] for further political talks.

== Aftermath ==
Jai Singh stopped his attack on Purandar, allowing 7000 residents of the fort to come out which included 4000 Maratha warriors. Shivaji handed over his forts to Jai Singh. Later Shivaji and his forces fought along with Jai Singh against Adil Shah of Bijapur but failed to win.Later Shivaji travelled to Agra to Aurangzeb's court. But Aurangzeb put him under house arrest for a few months. Shivaji managed to escape and returned home. Aurangzeb blamed Jai Singh's son Ram Singh for Shivaji's escape and demoted him.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Purandar 1665]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1665|Purandar]]
[[Category:1665 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Purandar]]

Battle of Purandar - Revision history

Udesign at 22:05, 12 November 2025

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article