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{{Short description|1745 battle between Alivardi and Marathas}}
{{aI-generated|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Naubatpur
| place = Muhib-Alipur, [[Naubatpur]], [[Bihar]], [[Bengal Subah]]
| partof = [[Fourth Maratha invasion of Bengal]] and [[Afghan insurrections in Bengal]]
| date = 14–21 December 1745
| coordinates = {{coord|25|26|40|N|84|49|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = Bihar#India
| map_size = 320
| map_mark = Big battle symbol.svg
| map_marksize = 12
| map_relief = yes
| map_label = '''Battle at Naubatpur'''
| result = [[Bengal Subah]] victory<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Rahim|1971|p=296}} "মারাঠাদেরকে অনুসরণ করিয়া আলীবর্দী বিহারে আসেন এবং মুহিব-আলীপুর নামক স্থানে ইহাদেরকে পরাজিত করেন (১৪ই নবেম্বর, ১৭৪৫)।"{{Break}}{{Translation|Alivardi followed the Marathas to Bihar and defeated them at a place called Muhib-Alipur (November 14, 1745).}}</ref>
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| combatant2 = {{Tree list}}
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
**[[File:Nagpur State flag.png|20px]] [[Kingdom of Nagpur]]
{{Tree list/end}}
'''Afghan rebels'''
| commander1 = [[Alivardi Khan]] [[Mir Jafar]] Shamshir Khan
| commander2 = [[Raghoji I]]{{WIA}} Mahimaji Baba{{KIA}} Sankaraji Baba{{KIA}} Murtaza Khan Buland Khan
| strength1 = 12,000<ref name=":2" />
| strength2 = 14,000 or 20,000<ref name=":1" />
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Unknown
}}

The '''Battle of Naubatpur''' was a military confrontation during the [[Maratha invasions of Bengal]] in 1745. It pitted the forces of the [[Bengal Subah]], led by Nawab [[Alivardi Khan]], against the invading Maratha army under [[Raghuji I|Raghuji Bhonsle]] of [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur]]. The battle, fought near Muhib Alipur, northeast of [[Naubatpur]] (in present-day [[Bihar]], [[India]]), marked a key clash in the fourth Maratha incursion into [[Bengal]] and Bihar.

== Background ==
{{Further|Siege of Barabati (1745)}}
In 1745, [[Raghuji I|Raghuji Bhonsle]] invaded [[Odisha|Orissa]], [[Siege of Barabati (1745)|captured Cuttack]], and took the governor, Durlabh Ram, prisoner. The Marathas then gained control of all of Orissa up to [[Midnapore]].<ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n483/mode/1up 462]}}</ref> In the meantime, Afghan leader Mustafa Khan was slain in the [[Battle of Jagdishpur (1745)|battle of Jagdishpur]] on 20 June 1745.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n116/mode/1up 95]}}</ref> His army fled away to the village of Magror near [[Chainpur subdivision|Chainpur]] and [[Sasaram]] under Mustafa's son Murtaza Khan.<ref name=":0" />

Around this time, Murtaza Khan along with Buland Khan and other beleaguered Afghans, who had endured hardship in the Magror hills following Mustafa Khan's death, dispatched desperate pleas to Raghuji Bhonsle for deliverance. Raghuji encamped near [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]]. Deeming their alliance advantageous to his cause, he advanced in [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] in September 1745.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shejwalkar|1941|p=376}} "So Raghuji encamped in the Ramgarh jungle for the rainy season for about a month and then proceeded to Gaya in September"</ref> Raghuji arrived near Fatua, pillaged and burned [[Sheikhpura district|Shaikhpura]] and numerous villages in the [[Tekari Raj]], ultimately reaching the [[Sone River|Son River]]. After fording it, he advanced to Magror, where he rescued the [[Pashtuns|Afghans]] and recovered their property.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n118/mode/1up 96]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n99/mode/1up 75]}}</ref> He looted the surrounding area for two months.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shejwalkar|1941|p=376}}</ref>

== Battle ==
The combined forces of Marathas and Afghans swelling up to 14,000 or 20,000 troops proceeded towards [[Patna]].<ref name=":1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n118/mode/1up 96]}} "Due to the alliance of the Afghans, the number of his soldiers now swelled to 20,000 men."{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n99/mode/1up 75]}} "… by this junction of forces gathered round himself an army of 14,000 men consisting of swift tireless [[Bargis|Maratha light horse]] (10,000) and redoubtable Afghan fighters (2,000 men under Mustafa Khan’s son Murtaza and 2,000 troops of [[Pashtuns|Pathan]] [[zamindar]]s)"{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shejwalkar|1941|p=376}} "Alivardi came upon him. Turning back Raghuji surrounded Alivardi with his ten thousand horse and an Afghan army of four thousand under Mustafa's son."</ref> Alivardi determined to expel the Marathas out of Bengal, left [[Murshidabad]] to Bihar at the head of 12,000 [[cavalry]] in October 1745.<ref name=":2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n118/mode/1up 96]}} "Alivardi left Murshidabad for Bihar in the month of October, 1745, at the head of 12,000 choice horsemen, with a strong determination to expel the Marathas out of that province"{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n100/mode/1up 76]}} "With 12,000 picked troops he hastened to Patna …"</ref> Upon learning of Alivardi's advance, the Marathas withdrew from Patna southward. The Nawab encamped for several days at [[Bankipore|Bankipur]], to organise his army and collect supplies. He then advanced against the enemy via [[Naubatpur]] with a fully replenished army backed by formidable artillery. The Marathas, however, eschewed open battle and moved ahead of him, maintaining a distance beyond cannon range plundering villages until his forces reached Muhib Alipur,{{Efn|Muhib Alipur lies 8 miles (13 km) west of [[Arwal]] and 13 miles (21 km) northeast of [[Naubatpur]], which is situated on the eastern bank of the [[Sone River]].{{Sfn|Sarkar|1964|p=73}}}} the site of Raghuji's encampment.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n118/mode/1up 96]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n100/mode/1up 76]}}</ref>

There the early ranks of the Bengal army, under [[Mir Jafar|Mir Jafar Khan]] and Shamshir Khan, launched a sudden attack on Raghuji. Raghuji was surrounded by rest of the Nawab's forces. The Marathas exerted themselves to rescue their leader, who ultimately escaped owing to negligence on Shamshir Khan's part, or more likely accepted [[Bribery|bribe]]. Meanwhile, Alivardi advanced to join his army in punishing the Marathas. Raghuji, however, fought valiantly and held his position during eighteen days of combat, despite sustaining a chance gunshot wound to the mouth which knocked one of his tooth. A running fight continued from 14 November till 20.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n484/mode/1up 463]}}</ref> Two of Maratha generals, Mahimaji Baba and Sankaraji Baba, were killed on 14 and 20 November, respectively.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n119/mode/1up 97]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n100/mode/1up 76]}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
{{Main|Battle of Bhagalpur (1745)}}
The Nawab's rapid march outpaced his baggage and tents, halting him for days. Envoys were sent by Nawab's wife to negotiate peace with Raghuji. Though Raghuji was amenable, Mir Habib refused and urged a dash to loot undefended [[Murshidabad]]. The Marathas doubled back toward Bengal, with Alivardi in pursuit amid severe food shortages. Alivardi's small escort at [[Champapuri|Champanagar]] was attacked by Raghuji. Nawab's main army to arrive and repel them in [[Battle of Bhagalpur (1745)|battle at Bhagalpur]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n120/mode/1up 97–98]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n484/mode/1up 463]}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[First Maratha invasion of Bengal]]
* [[Second Maratha invasion of Bengal]]
* [[Third Maratha invasion of Bengal]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485 |title=Alivardi and His Times |date=1939 |publisher=University of Calcutta |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rahim |first=M. A. |title=Bangladesher Itihas |date=1971 |publisher=M. Alam Iden Press |editor-last=Rahim |editor-first=M. A |editor-link=Muhammad Abdur Rahim |edition=1st |location=Dhaka |pages=285–305 |language=bn |trans-title=Bangladesh's History |editor-last2=Abdul Momin |editor-first2=Chowdhury |editor-link2=Abdul Momin Chowdhury |editor-last3=Mahmood |editor-first3=A. B Mahiuddin |editor-last4=Islam |editor-first4=Sirajul |editor-link4=Sirajul Islam}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_of_Bengal.html?id=DiUKAQAAIAAJ |title=The History of Bengal |date=1943 |publisher=The University of Dhaka |volume=II |location=Ramna, Dhaka |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007 |title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire 1739-1754 |date= |publisher=Orient Longman Ltd |year=1964 |edition=3rd |volume=I |language=en}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Shejwalkar |first=T. S. |date=1941 |title=The Bengal Episode in Maratha History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42931283 |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |volume=2 |issue=3/4 |pages=361–382 |issn=0045-9801}}
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Bengal Subah]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1745]]

Battle of Naubatpur (1745) - Revision history

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