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{{Short description|1473 battle between Malwa and Mewar}}
{{distinguish|Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas#Battle of Mandalgarh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Mandalgarh
| partof = [[Mewar-Malwa Conflict]]
| date = 1473
| place = [[Mandalgarh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| map_type = South Asia
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Mandalgarh: Battlefield location
| coordinates = {{coord|25.1978|N|75.0932|E}}
| result = [[Rajput]] victory{{sfnp|Somani|1976|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106/page/48/mode/1up 148]}}{{sfnp|Mankekar|1976|p=32}}
| combatant1 = [[File:Mewar.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Mewar]] {{tree list}}
**[[File:Flag of Jaipur.svg|22px|border]] [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber State]]
**[[File:Flag of Bundi.svg|22px|border]] [[Bundi State]]
**{{flagicon image|Flag of Kotah.svg}} [[Kotah State]] {{tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = [[Malwa Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[File:Mewar.svg|20px]] [[Rana Raimal]]
| commander2 = {{ubl|[[Ghiyath Shah]] |Zafar Khan}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

The '''Battle of Mandalgarh''' took place in 1473. Following an earlier unsuccessful attempt by [[Ghiyath Shah]] (Ghiyas-ud-Din, {{reigned|1469|1500}}), the Sultan of Malwa, to capture [[Chittorgarh]] from the [[Kingdom of Mewar]], Zafir Khan, one of Ghiyath Shah's generals, led a force which raided and plundered Mewar. In response, a combined force of Rajput armies, assembled by the [[Maharana of Mewar]], met Zafir's army at [[Mandalgarh]]; here too, the Malwa forces met with a crushing defeat.

==Prelude==
{{See also|Siege of Chittor}}
In 1473 sultan [[Ghiyath Shah]] succeeded his father [[Mahmud Khalji]] and he undertook several expeditions against [[Mewad]]. The sultan of [[Malwa]] laid siege of [[Chittor]] and devastated [[Dungarpur]], Rata and Kalla two resilient warriors were killed in the defense.{{sfn|Somani|1976|p=147}} The [[Rajputs]], led by [[Rana Raimal]], resisted and successfully defended against multiple attacks. A [[Rajput]] of Gaur community displayed great determination
and killed many soldiers of sultan of [[Malwa]]. Zahir, along with many other officers were killed and sultan was forced to retreat.{{sfnm|Munshi|1960|1pp=338–339}}<ref name="auto">{{cite book |title=Medieval Malwa A Political And Cultural History 1401-1562 |publisher=Munshi Ram Manohar Lal |page=223-225 |url=https://archive.org/details/medievalmalwaapo001927mbp/page/n238/mode/1up}}</ref>

==Outcome==
Early in the reign of [[Rana Raimal]] of Mewar ({{reigned|1473|1509}}), a general of the [[Sultan of Malwa]]'s army, Zafar Khan, marched into Mewar at the head of a large force. The armed incursions may have been at the behest of his sultan, Ghiyath Shah, who remained in his capital at Mandu, or possibly Zafir embarked on his raiding on his own initiative. In either case, a desire to redress the earlier severe defeat of Malwar forces under their sultan, Ghiyath Shah, was likely the instigating factor in the raids. During his campaign, Zafir captured [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]h, [[Bhainsrorgarh|Bhainsror]] and [[Sheopur]], installing his own local thanadars (administrators). The countryside in the vicinity was plundered and laid waste.{{sfnp|Day|1965|p=[https://archive.org/details/medievalmalwaapo001927mbp/page/n238/mode/1up 225]}}

Upon hearing of the Malwar incursions, [[Rana Raimal]] called his chiefs, including the governors of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], [[Chanderi]] and [[Raisen]], to march with him against Zafar Khan. The opposing forces met and clashed at Mandalgarh, where Zafar Khan was soundly routed by the combined [[Rajput]] force, losing many of his commanders in the battle. Rana Raimal pursued Zafar in his retreat to [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]],{{sfnp|Somani|1976|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106/page/48/mode/1up 148]}}{{sfnp|Day|1965|p=[https://archive.org/details/medievalmalwaapo001927mbp/page/n238/mode/1up 225]}} catching up with him at Khairabad (near Kotah) where the opposing armies fought again. The Rajputs sacked the town and extracted heavy fines from the Sultan of [[Malwa]].{{sfnp|Munshi|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.106322/page/339/mode/1up 339]}}

==See also==
* [[List of battles of Rajasthan]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]

== References ==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book |last=Day |first=Upendra Nath |title=Medieval Malwa: A Political and Cultural History 1401–1562 |date=1965 |edition=First |pages=220–248 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/medievalmalwaapo001927mbp/page/n233/mode/2up?q=1473&view=theater |publisher=Munshi Ram Manohar Lal |location=Delhi |chapter=Chapter IX: Reign of Ghiyath Shah (A Period of Peace and Plenty)}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mankekar |first1=D. R. |title=Mewar Saga: The Sisodias' Role in Indian History |date=1976 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-0416-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5E9AAAAMAAJ&q=The+Sisodias%27+Role+in+Indian+History |language=en |url-access=limited}}
* {{cite book |last1=Munshi |first1=K. M. |title=History and Culture of the Indian People |volume=6. Delhi Sultanate |date=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.106322/page/n5/mode/1up}}
* {{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=Ram Vallabh |title=History of Mewar: From earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka |location=Jaipur |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106/page/n5/mode/1up |oclc=292985 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chittor}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1473]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Malwa Sultanate]]
[[Category:1473 in Asia]]
[[Category:15th century in India]]

Battle of Mandalgarh (1473) - Revision history

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