Battle of Khurbura - Revision history

Gianjatt: 14,000"Memorial of 54th Garhwal king in Dehradun lying desolate, forgotten". ''The Times of India'', 31 December 2018.

2026-10-23T19:02:43Z

14,000<ref>"Memorial of 54th Garhwal king in Dehradun lying desolate, forgotten". ''The Times of India'', 31 December 2018.</ref>

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Gianjatt: Landhaura KingdomRawat, Ajay Singh. ''Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective''. 2002, p. 64.

2026-10-23T19:00:11Z

Landhaura Kingdom<ref>Rawat, Ajay Singh. ''Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective''. 2002, p. 64.</ref>

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	\| combatant1 = [[Garhwal Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/sunday-edition/where-history-never-gets-old.html\|title=Where history never gets old\|first=The\|last=Pioneer\|website=The Pioneer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://suppressednarratives.home.blog/2019/01/26/indians-rage-as-some-nepalese-chauvinists-assert-greater-nepal/\|title=Indians rage as some Nepalese chauvinists assert 'Greater Nepal'\|date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>		\| combatant1 = [[Garhwal Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/sunday-edition/where-history-never-gets-old.html\|title=Where history never gets old\|first=The\|last=Pioneer\|website=The Pioneer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://suppressednarratives.home.blog/2019/01/26/indians-rage-as-some-nepalese-chauvinists-assert-greater-nepal/\|title=Indians rage as some Nepalese chauvinists assert 'Greater Nepal'\|date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
			[[Landhaura Kingdom]]<ref>Rawat, Ajay Singh. ''Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective''. 2002, p. 64.</ref>
	\| combatant2 = [[Kingdom of Nepal]]		\| combatant2 = [[Kingdom of Nepal]]
	\| commander1 = King [[Pradyumna Shah]]{{KIA}}<br/> Parakram Shah<br/>Pritam Shah<br/>~~Ramadayal~~ Singh Gujjar <br/>[[Sudarshan Shah]]		\| commander1 = King [[Pradyumna Shah]]{{KIA}}<br/> Parakram Shah<br/>Pritam Shah<br/>Raja Ram dayal Singh Gujjar <br/>[[Sudarshan Shah]]
	\| commander2 = [[Amar Singh Thapa]]<br/>[[Ranajit Kunwar]]<br/> [[Chandrabir Kunwar]]<br/> [[Bam Shah\|Bam (Brahma) Shah]]		\| commander2 = [[Amar Singh Thapa]]<br/>[[Ranajit Kunwar]]<br/> [[Chandrabir Kunwar]]<br/> [[Bam Shah\|Bam (Brahma) Shah]]
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			<ref>Rawat, Ajay Singh. Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective. 2002, p. 64.</ref>

	'''Battle of Khurbura''' or '''Battle of Khudbuda''' also known as '''Gorkha-Garhwal War''' occurred in May 1804 near modern-day village of [[Dehradun]], Khurbura {{coord\|30.3256\|N\|78.0267\|E}}. The battle is regarded as the first major attack in the history of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] that triggered between [[Kingdom of Nepal]] forces and [[Maharaja]] [[Pradyumna Shah]], and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated. It is chiefly regarded the only defeat of Pradyumna Shah's life and the victory of Gorkhali forces under [[Kingdom of Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeQy9ZuvA5sC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA30\|title=Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People\|first=Ajay Singh\|last=Rawat\|date=February 11, 1999\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|via=Google Books\|isbn=9788173871016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA189\|title=History of Uttaranchal\|first=Omacanda\|last=Hāṇḍā\|date=February 11, 2002\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|via=Google Books\|isbn=9788173871344}}</ref>		'''Battle of Khurbura''' or '''Battle of Khudbuda''' also known as '''Gorkha-Garhwal War''' occurred in May 1804 near modern-day village of [[Dehradun]], Khurbura {{coord\|30.3256\|N\|78.0267\|E}}. The battle is regarded as the first major attack in the history of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] that triggered between [[Kingdom of Nepal]] forces and [[Maharaja]] [[Pradyumna Shah]], and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated. It is chiefly regarded the only defeat of Pradyumna Shah's life and the victory of Gorkhali forces under [[Kingdom of Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeQy9ZuvA5sC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA30\|title=Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People\|first=Ajay Singh\|last=Rawat\|date=February 11, 1999\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|via=Google Books\|isbn=9788173871016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA189\|title=History of Uttaranchal\|first=Omacanda\|last=Hāṇḍā\|date=February 11, 2002\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|via=Google Books\|isbn=9788173871344}}</ref>

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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Khurbura
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 14 May 1804 - 26 May 1804<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://m.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/dehradun/story-the-story-of-maharaja-pradyumna-shah-of-garhwal-princely-state-1112085.html|title=The story of Maharaja Pradyumna Shah of Garhwal princely state}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.devbhoomimedia.com/paying-tributes-to-83-martyrs-of-the-khudbuda-war-organized-a-yajna/|title=खुड़बुड़ा युद्ध के 83 शहीदों को यज्ञ आयोजित कर श्रद्धांजलि की गई अर्पित|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref> 
(13 days)
| place = Khurbura, [[Dehradun]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.3256|N|78.0267|E|type:event|display=inline}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result = [[Kingdom of Nepal]] victory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pauri.nic.in/history/|title=History | District Pauri Garhwal, Government of Uttarakhand | India}}</ref>
| status =
| combatant1 = [[Garhwal Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/sunday-edition/where-history-never-gets-old.html|title=Where history never gets old|first=The|last=Pioneer|website=The Pioneer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suppressednarratives.home.blog/2019/01/26/indians-rage-as-some-nepalese-chauvinists-assert-greater-nepal/|title=Indians rage as some Nepalese chauvinists assert 'Greater Nepal'|date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
| combatant2 = [[Kingdom of Nepal]]
| commander1 = King [[Pradyumna Shah]]{{KIA}} Parakram Shah Pritam Shah Ramadayal Singh Gujjar [[Sudarshan Shah]]
| commander2 = [[Amar Singh Thapa]] [[Ranajit Kunwar]] [[Chandrabir Kunwar]] [[Bam Shah|Bam (Brahma) Shah]]
| units1 =
| units2 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = 10000<ref name="TOI"/>-12000{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=38}}
| strength2 = 4000<ref name="TOI"/>
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}

'''Battle of Khurbura''' or '''Battle of Khudbuda''' also known as '''Gorkha-Garhwal War''' occurred in May 1804 near modern-day village of [[Dehradun]], Khurbura {{coord|30.3256|N|78.0267|E}}. The battle is regarded as the first major attack in the history of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] that triggered between [[Kingdom of Nepal]] forces and [[Maharaja]] [[Pradyumna Shah]], and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated. It is chiefly regarded the only defeat of Pradyumna Shah's life and the victory of Gorkhali forces under [[Kingdom of Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeQy9ZuvA5sC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA30|title=Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People|first=Ajay Singh|last=Rawat|date=February 11, 1999|publisher=Indus Publishing|via=Google Books|isbn=9788173871016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&q=battle+of+Khurbura+Dehradun+in+1804&pg=PA189|title=History of Uttaranchal|first=Omacanda|last=Hāṇḍā|date=February 11, 2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|via=Google Books|isbn=9788173871344}}</ref>

==Background==
Garhwali officials believed that the Garhwal dynasty was nearing its end. They believed it was due to the curses of queens of Salim Shah and Jaya Kirti Shah.{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=37}} With the beginning of this battle, the kingdom came under the rule of Gorkhas until 1814. Gurkha forces, loaded with guns entered in "Khurbura" to invade the territory. Since Garhwal's soldiers were fighting against the Nepalese invaders with swords, the kingdom was defeated heavily that led the opposition forces to begin their rule.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/king-pradyumna-deserves-a-memorial-196230|title=King Pradyumna 'deserves' a memorial|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/>

==Battle==
Since the kingdom was already shattered and unstable due to the [[1803 Garhwal earthquake]] and the entire kingdom was yet to reinstate. With great difficulty due to unstable circumstances caused by earthquake, [[Maharaja]] Pradyuman Shah first moved to [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand]] to Dehradun and then to [[Saharanpur]] arranging the forces to combat Gorkhas. The king succeeded arranging 10,000 soldiers. However, they were much untrained.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/memorial-of-garhwal-king-lying-desolate-and-forgotten/articleshow/67314556.cms|title=Memorial of 54th Garhwal king in Dehradun lying desolate, forgotten | Dehradun News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/> King Pradyumna Shah of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] prepared for warfare by assembling 12,000 men of various groups such as Rangad rajputs, Pundir rajputs, [[Gurjar|Gujars]], and [[Rajput]]s under a Gujjar [[Sardar]] Ramadayal Singh of Landhaur. On the other hand, Gorkhali forces were led by overall commander 'Bada Kaji' [[Amar Singh Thapa]], and his subordinate commanders Kaji [[Ranajit Kunwar]] (the grandfather of the Rana Prime Minister [[Maharaja]] [[Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana]]{{sfn|Acharya|1971|p=25}})and Bhaktibir Thapa.{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=38}} The battle took place at Khadbuda about a half mile from the palace of [[Guru Ram Rai|Guru Ram Raya]] on 22nd Marga 1860 [[Vikram Samvat|V.S.]] (January 1804). Pradyumna Shah on his horseback was having a conversation with Miya Dulal Singh of Prithvipur and momentarily, Kaji Ranajit Kunwar shot Pradyumna Shah to death.{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=38}} His shot proved successful as Garhwali soldiers ran away and the war finally ended.{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=38}}

==Aftermath==
Son of King Pradyumna, Prince [[Sudarshan Shah]], alongwith Commander Devi Singh fled to Kanakhal with some soldiers. The King's brother, Parakram Shah, fled to his father-in-law's place in Hindur, Nalagarh without caring for funeral rites of the deceased king. Soon after his death, King's another brother, Pritam Shah, was incarcerated by the Gorkhas where he passed his life under many hardships and poverty.<ref name="TOI"/> The Gorkhali commander Amar Singh sent the body of King Pradyumna Shah to [[Haridwar]] with great honors under the protection of Surajan Singh Rawal of Dalanwala and some Gorkhali soldiers.{{sfn|Dabaral|1987a|p=38}} Bada Amar Simha appointed Kaji [[Ranajit Kunwar]] as chief of one of the three revenue divisions of [[Garhwal region|Garhwal]] namely [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]].{{sfn|Dabaral|1987b|p=120}}

Khurbura was an important place in Garhwal kingdom and now its the only a small village that has left remarkable history behind. This area is now administered by the [[Dehradun]] authorities of [[Uttarakhand]] state.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Books==
*{{citation | last = Acharya | first = Baburam | title = The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa And The Rise Of Jung Bahadur Rana | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–25 | date = January 1, 1971 | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_03.pdf }}
*{{citation | last = Dabaral | first = Shiva Prasad “Charan” | title = The Rape of Garhwal | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 37–40| date = March 1987a | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_19.pdf }}
*{{citation | last = Dabaral | first = Shiva Prasad “Charan” | title = Gorkhali rule in Garhwal | journal = Regmi Research Series | volume = 19 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 115–120| date = July–August 1987b | url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_19.pdf }}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1804|Khurbura]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms|Khurbura]]
[[Category:1804 in India]]
[[Category:History of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:History of Dehradun]]
[[Category:Anglo-Nepalese War]]
[[Category:Wars involving Nepal]]
[[Category:1804 in Nepal]]