JunkoQxl0473817: Started

2025-09-21T11:33:08Z

Started

New page

{{context|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Battle between the Vijayanagara Empire and Deccan Sultanates}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of Kalyani
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
| image_size =
| date = 1543
| place = [[Basavakalyan]], [[India]]
| result = [[Vijayanagar]] victory
| territory =
| combatant1 = [[Vijayanagar Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{Tree list}} [[Deccan Sultanates]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
** {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Sultanate]]
** [[Bidar Sultanate]] {{Tree list/end}}
| commander1 = [[Vijayanagar Civil War (1542-1543)|Hande Hanumappa Nayaka]] [[Rama Raya]] [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] [[Ali Barid Shah I]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| caption =
}}

The '''First Battle of Kalyani''' was a confrontation between the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] led by the regent [[Rama Raya]] and the combined forces of the Sultanates of [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Golconda]], and [[Bidar]]. led by [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]], [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]] and [[Ali Barid Shah I]] The Vijayanagar army inflicted a defeat on the combined Sultanates forces forcing the three Sultans to flee the battlefield.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

==Background==
After returning to Bijapur, [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] formed an alliance with [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar against Bidar and Vijayanagara. As part of their agreement, the Sultan of Ahmadnagar would target [[Ali Barid Shah I]] of Bidar, while Bijapur would focus on advancing into [[Vijayanagara]]'s territory without interference. Burhan Nizam Shah stormed and captured the fort of [[Kandhar]]. Meanwhile, Amir Barid Shah, unaware of the secret alliance, sought refuge with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] he was instead captured by his former ally..<ref name="tps">{{Cite book |last=Henry Heras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282973/page/n120/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Aravidu Dynasty Of Vijayanagara |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref><ref name="gps"/> Following this, Ibrahim Adil Shah marched south capturing various territories from [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. However, historical evidence casts doubt on these claims of conquests,<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=Heras |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189282/page/n126/mode/1up?view=theater |title=South India Under The Vijayanagar Empire Vol. 1 |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref> as there are no records of territorial losses for Vijayanagara during this period. Additionally, [[Rama Raya]] was later engaged in a conflict with [[Ahmadnagar]] suggesting that Vijayanagara’s power remained intact.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 by N. Venkataramanayya |url=https://archive.org/details/vijaynagar-history-n.-venkataramanayya/page/252/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 ( N. Venkataramanayya)|pages=253}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Puri |first1=B. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC&dq=Venkatadri+Battle+With+Asad+Khan&pg=PA95 |title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India |last2=Das |first2=M. N. |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-2508-9 |language=en|page=95}}</ref><ref name="ops">{{Cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=T. G. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.75359/page/n95/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Famous battles in Indian history |date=1969|page=96}}</ref>

==Battle==
[[Rama Raya]] realized that the actual cause of the conflict with Bijapur was probably [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar. [[Rama Raya]] decided to concentrate on breaking the alliance between the two Sultanates instead of striking back at Bijapur. he decided to confront [[Ahmadnagar]] directly. Resolved to create discord between the allies, Rama Raya gathered his troops and advanced against [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="ops"/>

To reach the territories of [[Ahmadnagar]] Rama Raya had to cross the regions controlled by [[Golkonda]] and [[Bidar]]. Requiring a well organized approach to overcome possible opposition. To ensure the success of his campaign, he divided his army into three sections. Rama Raya himself led the contingent to confront the Sultan of [[Golkonda]] while his brother Tirumala commanded the forces dispatched against the Sultan of [[Bidar]]. The third army under the leadership of Hande Hanumappa Nayudu of Sonnalapuram, was sent directly against [[Ahmadnagar]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

The events of this campaign are mentioned in Hindu poems which recount the capture of the city of Kaliyani, a battle between the Vijayanagar and Allied Sultans Army and the subsequent sack of [[Ahmadnagar]]. While the Vasucharitramu omits details about Kaliyani’s fall, the Annals of Hande Anantapuram provide a clear account of the battle. The Vijayanagar army, having reunited its three armies, faced the combined forces of the Sultans of [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Golkonda]], and [[Bidar]]. In the ensuing battle the allied Sultan armies suffered a defeat. The three Sultans, witnessing the collapse of their forces, fled the battlefield. The victorious Vijayanagar army pursued them during which Hande Hanumappa Nayaka captured [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="ops"/>

==Aftermath==
Following his capture by Hande Hanumappa Nayaka during the war, [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] found himself in the hands of [[Rama Raya]]. The Regent of Vijayanagara seizing the opportunity Forced Burhan Nizam Shah to abandon his alliance with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur. This was Rama Raya's primary objective aimed at weakening the alliance between the [[Bijapur]] and [[Ahmednagar]] Sultanates. Once Burhan Nizam Shah agreed to the terms and severed ties with [[Bijapur]] Rama Raya released him immediately.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

==See also==
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]]
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:Battles involving Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1543]]

Battle of Kalyani (1543) - Revision history

JunkoQxl0473817: Started