Battle of Haji Pir Pass (1965) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 7 December 2022
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	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| date = 26–28 August 1965		\| date = 26–28 August 1965<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days\|month1=8\|day1=26\|year1=1965\|month2=8\|day2=28\|year2=1965}})
	\| place = Haji Pir, [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]		\| place = Haji Pir, [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]
	\| map_type =		\| map_type =
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	* B Troop 39 Medium Regiment		* B Troop 39 Medium Regiment
	* 18 Field Battery		* 18 Field Battery
	\|units2 = * 1 [[Brigade]] and a few [[~~Azad~~ Kashmir Regular Force]] battalions, supported by artillery		\|units2 = * 1 [[Brigade]] and a few [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir Regular Force]] battalions, supported by artillery
	\| strength1 =		\| strength1 =
	\| strength2 =		\| strength2 =
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	In early August 1965, Pakistan launched [[Operation Gibraltar]] with the aim of clandestinely infiltrating a large number of guerrillas into Kashmir to destabilise the region through subversive activities including inciting the local population to rebellion and [[Guerrilla warfare\|guerrilla attacks]] to destroy infrastructure, followed by overthrowing the administration and installing a puppet government. However, Operation Gibraltar failed because the local population did not revolt as expected and also on finding out Pakistan's plans, India launched a counter operation against the infiltrators who were identified, engaged and liquidated.<ref name="IDR">{{cite web\|title=Battle of Hajipir Pass 1965\|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/battle-of-hajipir-pass-1965/\|date=29 August 2020\|publisher=Indian Defence Review}}</ref><ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>		In early August 1965, Pakistan launched [[Operation Gibraltar]] with the aim of clandestinely infiltrating a large number of guerrillas into Kashmir to destabilise the region through subversive activities including inciting the local population to rebellion and [[Guerrilla warfare\|guerrilla attacks]] to destroy infrastructure, followed by overthrowing the administration and installing a puppet government. However, Operation Gibraltar failed because the local population did not revolt as expected and also on finding out Pakistan's plans, India launched a counter operation against the infiltrators who were identified, engaged and liquidated.<ref name="IDR">{{cite web\|title=Battle of Hajipir Pass 1965\|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/battle-of-hajipir-pass-1965/\|date=29 August 2020\|publisher=Indian Defence Review}}</ref><ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

	In response to Pakistan's repeated infiltrations and attempts to destabilise Kashmir, the then Prime Minister of India [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] made a statement "India cannot go on pushing the Pakistanis off its territory. If infiltration continues, we will have to carry the fight to the other side."<ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar">{{cite book\|author=Bhaskar Sarkar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI4R4ZkwsVQC&q=%22If+infiltration+continues%2C+we+will+have+to+carry+the+fight+to+the+other+side%22&pg=PA39\|title=Kargil War: Past, Present, and Future\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|year= 1999\|isbn=9781897829615~~\|location=38~~\|pages=211}}</ref>		In response to Pakistan's repeated infiltrations and attempts to destabilise Kashmir, the then Prime Minister of India [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] made a statement "India cannot go on pushing the Pakistanis off its territory. If infiltration continues, we will have to carry the fight to the other side."<ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar">{{cite book\|author=Bhaskar Sarkar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI4R4ZkwsVQC&q=%22If+infiltration+continues%2C+we+will+have+to+carry+the+fight+to+the+other+side%22&pg=PA39\|title=Kargil War: Past, Present, and Future\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|year= 1999\|isbn=9781897829615\|pages=211}}</ref>

	== Preliminaries ==		== Preliminaries ==
	On 15 August 1965, the Indian Army crossed the [[Line of Control\|Ceasefire line (CFL)]] and recaptured the three hill positions that had been earlier occupied by Pakistan and were being used to disrupt traffic on the Srinagar – Leh Highway. A decision was also taken to capture the Haji Pir Bulge, which was a key hub and ingress route for infiltrations into India.<ref name="IDR"/><ref name="Rachna Bisht">{{cite book\|author=Rachna Bisht\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8tcCgAAQBAJ&q=haji+pir+pass+1965&pg=PT17\|title=1965: Stories from the Second Indo-Pakistan War\|publisher=Penguin UK\|year= 2015\|isbn=9781897829615~~\|location=17~~\|pages=232}}</ref>		On 15 August 1965, the Indian Army crossed the [[Line of Control\|Ceasefire line (CFL)]] and recaptured the three hill positions that had been earlier occupied by Pakistan and were being used to disrupt traffic on the Srinagar – Leh Highway. A decision was also taken to capture the Haji Pir Bulge, which was a key hub and ingress route for infiltrations into India.<ref name="IDR"/><ref name="Rachna Bisht">{{cite book\|author=Rachna Bisht\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8tcCgAAQBAJ&q=haji+pir+pass+1965&pg=PT17\|title=1965: Stories from the Second Indo-Pakistan War\|publisher=Penguin UK\|year= 2015\|isbn=9781897829615\|pages=232}}</ref>

	The plan of attack was a [[pincer movement]], to avoid a frontal assault in order to minimise casualties.		The plan of attack was a [[pincer movement]], to avoid a frontal assault in order to minimise casualties.

->SunDawn: Reverted edits by Mahi2007 (talk): not adhering to neutral point of view (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-12-04T14:29:24Z

Reverted edits by Mahi2007 (talk): not adhering to neutral point of view (HG) (3.4.10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 4 December 2021
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	\| conflict = Battle of Haji Pir Pass		\| conflict = Battle of Haji Pir Pass
	\| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]		\| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
	\| image =		\| image = {{Location map\|Kashmir
	~~\| image_size =~~
	~~\| caption =~~
	~~\| date = 26–28 August 1965~~
	{{Location map\|Kashmir
	\|width = 310		\|width = 310
	\|float = ~~right~~		\|float = center \| border=infobox \| caption =
	\|label = Haji Pir Pass		\|label = Haji Pir Pass
	\|position = none		\|position = none
	\|mark = Red pog.svg <!--green dot-->		\|mark = Red pog.svg <!--green dot-->
	\|lat_deg = 33.~~97949597805813~~ <!-- default: lat_dir = N -->		\|lat_deg = 33.9795 <!-- default: lat_dir = N -->
	\|lon_deg = 74.~~08401990093815~~ <!-- default: lon_dir = E -->		\|lon_deg = 74.0840 <!-- default: lon_dir = E -->
	}}		}}
			\| image_size =
			\| caption =
			\| date = 26–28 August 1965
	\| place = Haji Pir, [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]		\| place = Haji Pir, [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]
	\| map_type =		\| map_type =
	\| map_relief =		\| map_relief =
	\| coordinates = {{coord\|33.97949597805813\|N\|74.08401990093815\|E\|display=inline,title}}		\| coordinates = {{coord\|33.97949597805813\|N\|74.08401990093815\|E\|format=dms\|display=inline,title}}
	\| map_size =		\| map_size =
	\| map_marksize =		\| map_marksize =
	\| map_caption =		\| map_caption =
	\| map_label =		\| map_label =
	~~\| territory =~~
	\| result = Indian victory<ref name="Longer1974">{{cite book\|author=V. Longer\|title=Red Coats to Olive Green: A History of the Indian Army, 1600-1974\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBQygut2ZfEC\|year=1974\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|isbn=978-0-85655-130-7\|quote=Ranjit Singh iyal , led his men to victory on Haji Pir Pass \|page=423}}</ref>		\| result = Indian victory<ref name="Longer1974">{{cite book\|author=V. Longer\|title=Red Coats to Olive Green: A History of the Indian Army, 1600-1974\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBQygut2ZfEC\|year=1974\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|isbn=978-0-85655-130-7\|quote=Ranjit Singh iyal , led his men to victory on Haji Pir Pass \|page=423}}</ref>
	* India captures Haji Pir Pass and the entire Haji Pir bulge		* India captures Haji Pir Pass and the entire Haji Pir bulge
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	Brigadier Bakshi and Major Dyal were awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]. 1 Para was awarded the [[Battle Honour]] Hajipir and Theatre Honour Jammu and Kashmir (1965).<ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>		Brigadier Bakshi and Major Dyal were awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]. 1 Para was awarded the [[Battle Honour]] Hajipir and Theatre Honour Jammu and Kashmir (1965).<ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

	In the subsequent [[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent agreement]], India handed back the hard-won Haji Pir bulge to Pakistan. The handing back of Haji Pir bulge has been criticised by Indian strategic planners because the majority of infiltrations by ~~terrorists~~ from Pakistan into Kashmir continues to happen from this area.<ref name="Rediff News">{{cite news \|last= Masih\|first= Archana\|date=23 September 2015\|title=Why did India give back the Haji Pir Pass to Pakistan?\|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/why-did-india-give-back-the-haji-pir-pass-to-pakistan/20150923.htm\|newspaper=Rediff News}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India"/>		In the subsequent [[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent agreement]], India handed back the hard-won Haji Pir bulge to Pakistan. The handing back of Haji Pir bulge has been criticised by Indian strategic planners because the majority of infiltrations by militants from Pakistan into Jammu & Kashmir continues to happen from this area.<ref name="Rediff News">{{cite news \|last= Masih\|first= Archana\|date=23 September 2015\|title=Why did India give back the Haji Pir Pass to Pakistan?\|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/why-did-india-give-back-the-haji-pir-pass-to-pakistan/20150923.htm\|newspaper=Rediff News}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India"/>

	==References==		==References==
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Haji Pir pass}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Haji Pir pass}}
	[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars]]		[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars\|Haji Pir Pass]]
	[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]		[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]

>Uanfala: Revert to revision 1006434805 dated 2021-02-12 21:47:29 by Aman.kumar.goel using popups

2021-06-21T16:26:17Z

Revert to revision 1006434805 dated 2021-02-12 21:47:29 by Aman.kumar.goel using popups

New page

{{Short description|Part of Indo-Pakistani war of 1965}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Haji Pir Pass
| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 26–28 August 1965
{{Location map|Kashmir
|width = 310
|float = right
|label = Haji Pir Pass
|position = none
|mark = Red pog.svg 
|lat_deg = 33.97949597805813 
|lon_deg = 74.08401990093815 
}}
| place = Haji Pir, [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|33.97949597805813|N|74.08401990093815|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result = Indian victory<ref name="Longer1974">{{cite book|author=V. Longer|title=Red Coats to Olive Green: A History of the Indian Army, 1600-1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBQygut2ZfEC|year=1974|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-0-85655-130-7|quote=Ranjit Singh iyal , led his men to victory on Haji Pir Pass |page=423}}</ref>
* India captures Haji Pir Pass and the entire Haji Pir bulge
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}}
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|25px]] Brigadier [[Zorawar Chand Bakhshi|Zorawar Chand Bakshi]]
[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|25px]] Major [[Ranjit Singh Dyal]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg|20px]] Unknown
|units1 = * [[Parachute Regiment (India)|1 Para]]
* [[Rajput Regiment|4 Rajput]]
* [[Punjab Regiment (India)|19 Punjab]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry|6 JAK LI]]
* [[Sikh Regiment|4 Sikh LI]]
* [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|164 Field Regiment]]
* 144 Mountain Battery
* B Troop 39 Medium Regiment
* 18 Field Battery
|units2 = * 1 [[Brigade]] and a few [[Azad Kashmir Regular Force]] battalions, supported by artillery
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}
}}

The '''Battle of Haji Pir pass''' was a military engagement from 26 to 28 August 1965, during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and resulted in India capturing the entire Haji Pir bulge including the 8,652 feet high [[Pir Panjal Range#Passes|Haji Pir pass]] in [[Pakistan Administered Kashmir]].<ref name="IDR"/><ref name="Tribune India">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=30 August 2016|title=Return of Haji Pir still haunts us|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/comment/return-of-haji-pir-still-haunts-us-287239|newspaper=Tribune India}}</ref>

== Background ==
In April 1965, there were a number of ceasefire violations by Pakistan and in May, Pakistani forces occupied three hill features overlooking the [[National Highway 1D (India, old numbering)|Srinagar – Leh Highway]] and commenced accurate [[artillery]] fire on the highway.<ref name="IDR"/>

In early August 1965, Pakistan launched [[Operation Gibraltar]] with the aim of clandestinely infiltrating a large number of guerrillas into Kashmir to destabilise the region through subversive activities including inciting the local population to rebellion and [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla attacks]] to destroy infrastructure, followed by overthrowing the administration and installing a puppet government. However, Operation Gibraltar failed because the local population did not revolt as expected and also on finding out Pakistan's plans, India launched a counter operation against the infiltrators who were identified, engaged and liquidated.<ref name="IDR">{{cite web|title=Battle of Hajipir Pass 1965|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/battle-of-hajipir-pass-1965/|date=29 August 2020|publisher=Indian Defence Review}}</ref><ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

In response to Pakistan's repeated infiltrations and attempts to destabilise Kashmir, the then Prime Minister of India [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] made a statement "India cannot go on pushing the Pakistanis off its territory. If infiltration continues, we will have to carry the fight to the other side."<ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar">{{cite book|author=Bhaskar Sarkar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI4R4ZkwsVQC&q=%22If+infiltration+continues%2C+we+will+have+to+carry+the+fight+to+the+other+side%22&pg=PA39|title=Kargil War: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Lancer Publishers|year= 1999|isbn=9781897829615|location=38|pages=211}}</ref>

== Preliminaries ==
On 15 August 1965, the Indian Army crossed the [[Line of Control|Ceasefire line (CFL)]] and recaptured the three hill positions that had been earlier occupied by Pakistan and were being used to disrupt traffic on the Srinagar – Leh Highway. A decision was also taken to capture the Haji Pir Bulge, which was a key hub and ingress route for infiltrations into India.<ref name="IDR"/><ref name="Rachna Bisht">{{cite book|author=Rachna Bisht|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8tcCgAAQBAJ&q=haji+pir+pass+1965&pg=PT17|title=1965: Stories from the Second Indo-Pakistan War|publisher=Penguin UK|year= 2015|isbn=9781897829615|location=17|pages=232}}</ref>

The plan of attack was a [[pincer movement]], to avoid a frontal assault in order to minimise casualties.
The movement from the west was codenamed ''Operation Bakshi'', and the [[19th Infantry Division (India)|19th Infantry Division]] was tasked with capturing Haji Pir pass and the bulge and 68 Infantry Brigade was placed under the 19th Infantry Division. The movement from the east was codenamed ''Operation Faulad'' and the [[25th Infantry Division (India)|25th Infantry Division]] was tasked with linking up from [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch]] in the south of the bulge. [[Parachute Regiment (India)|1 Para]], [[Punjab Regiment (India)|19 Punjab]] and [[Rajput Regiment|4 Rajput]] were identified as the main strike units while [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry|6 JAK LI]] and [[Sikh Regiment|4 Sikh LI]] were held in reserve.<ref name="IDR"/>

D-Day for the operation was set as 26 August.<ref name="IDR"/>

==The battle==
On 26 August 2130 hours, 1 Para battalion crossed the Ceasefire Line to the west towards Sank, which had well prepared defenses, barbed wires and minefields. The Brigade commander [[Zorawar Chand Bakhshi|Brigadier Bakshi]] was himself part of the assaulting force. The assault was carried out in very difficult circumstances, across steep terrain and under heavy rain. However, with covering artillery fire on the Pakistani defenders, the Indian troop was able to advance and by 0415 hours the next morning, the force had attained the objective of Sank. The Pakistan defenders were taken completely unawares, panicked and fled, leaving behind their heavy weapons. After capturing Sank the battalion continued with its advance towards the next features of Sar and Ledi Wali Gali and captured both on the same day.<ref name="IDR"/><ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar"/><ref name="Scott Gates">{{cite book|author=Scott Gates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2M-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100|title=Limited War in South Asia: From Decolonization to Recent Times|publisher=Routledge|year= 2017|isbn=9781317105008|location=100|pages=204}}</ref><ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

Major [[Ranjit Singh Dyal]] requested and procured permission to press on to Haji Pir Pass. On reaching Haji Pir Pass, they encountered a [[counterattack]] by Pakistani forces. Leaving 1 platoon to engage the Pakistani forces, Major Dyal led the rest of his troop and climbed the steep western shoulder of the pass while carrying heavy loads through the rain. [[Flanking maneuver|Out-flanked]], the Pakistani defenders abandoned their weapons and fled down the hill. By 1030 hours on 28 August, Haji Pir pass had been captured. The Pakistani brigade counterattacked on 29 August, but 1 Para repulsed the attack as well as captured a few other features and consolidated its position.<ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar"/><ref name="Scott Gates"/><ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

In the meanwhile, 19 Punjab captured Pathra on 26 August. However, 4 Rajput was unable to capture Bedori due to highly rugged and precipitous terrain and having suffered heavy casualties, was forced to pull back. The commander of 19 Punjab volunteered to attack Bedori from a different direction and by 29 August had attained his objective in the face of intense resistance from defending forces.<ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>
On 5 September, 4 Rajput captured Bisali, but had to fall back to Sank due to an intense counterattack by Pakistani forces. By 10 September, the 93 infantry brigade had linked up with the units and the entire Haji Pir bulge came under Indian control.<ref name="Bhaskar Sarkar"/><ref name="Scott Gates"/>

==Aftermath==
India's capture of the entire Haji Pir bulge and Haji Pir pass was a major strategic victory as it neutralised the logistical set up and plugged the ingress routes of infiltrators as well as brought the Poonch - Uri road under Indian control, thus reducing the road distance between these 2 towns from 282 km to 56 km.<ref name="Tribune India"/>
It was a major achievement for the units involved, who had conducted assaults in extremely difficult terrain and adverse weather conditions against well entrenched Pakistani defences to capture the objectives given.<ref name="IDR"/>

Brigadier Bakshi and Major Dyal were awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]. 1 Para was awarded the [[Battle Honour]] Hajipir and Theatre Honour Jammu and Kashmir (1965).<ref name="Rachna Bisht"/>

In the subsequent [[Tashkent Declaration|Tashkent agreement]], India handed back the hard-won Haji Pir bulge to Pakistan. The handing back of Haji Pir bulge has been criticised by Indian strategic planners because the majority of infiltrations by terrorists from Pakistan into Kashmir continues to happen from this area.<ref name="Rediff News">{{cite news |last= Masih|first= Archana|date=23 September 2015|title=Why did India give back the Haji Pir Pass to Pakistan?|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/why-did-india-give-back-the-haji-pir-pass-to-pakistan/20150923.htm|newspaper=Rediff News}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* P.C. Katoch. Battle of Haji Pir The Army's Glory in 1965. [https://idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_BattleofHajiPir_0.pdf online]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Haji Pir pass}}
[[Category:Battles of Indo-Pakistani wars]]
[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]