Battle of Delhi (1764) - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|1764 battle in Delhi between the Bharatpur State and the Mughal Empire}}		{{Short description\|1764 battle in Delhi between the Bharatpur Jat State and the Mughal Empire}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}		{{Verifiability\|date=March 2024}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	~~\| image =~~		\| date = November 1764 – February 1765
	~~\| caption =~~		\| place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
	~~\| partof = Mughal-Jat Wars~~		\| conflict = Battle of Delhi (1764)
	~~\| conflict = Battle of Delhi, 1764~~		\| result = Jat/Bharatpur victory.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Das \|first=Manoj \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVuAAAAMAAJ \|title=India, a Tourist's Paradise \|publisher=Facet Books International \|year=1983 \|isbn=9780932377005 \|pages=448 \|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=(India) \|first=Rajasthan \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNNX53vkI2UC \|title=Rajasthan [district gazetteers].: Dungarpur \|publisher=Governmental Central Press \|year=1962 \|pages=479 \|language=English}}</ref>
	\| date = ~~October~~ 1764 – February 1765		\| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur1.png\|23px]] [[Kingdom of Bharatpur]]<br />'''Reinforced by'''<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|23px]] [[Maratha Empire]]<br>[[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg\|23px]] [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)\|Dal Khalsa]]
	\| place = [[Delhi]]		\| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg\|23px]] [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]]
	\| ~~coordinates~~ =		\| partof = [[Decline of the Mughal Empire]] and [[Sikh attacks on Delhi]]
	\| result = Bharatpur victory<ref>{{Cite book\|last=~~Sarkar~~\|first=~~Sir Jadunath~~\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~hadHAAAAMAAJ~~\|title=~~Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol. 2~~\|publisher=M. C. ~~Sarkar~~\|year=~~1934~~\|pages=~~466–468~~\|language=en}}</ref>		\| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur1.png\|23px]] [[Jawahar Singh]]
	\| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of ~~Bharatpur~~.~~svg~~\|~~25px~~]] [[~~Bharatpur State\|~~Kingdom of Bharatpur]]<br>'''~~Supported~~ by'''<br>~~[[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg\|23px]] [[Sikh]]~~		\| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg\|23px]] [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]
	~~\| combatant2 =~~ [[File:Flag of the ~~Mughal~~ Empire.~~png~~\|~~25px~~]] [[~~Mughal~~ Empire~~]]<br>'''Supported by'''<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Rampur State.svg}} [[Rohilla~~]]<br>[[File:~~Abdali flag~~.~~png~~\|~~25px~~]][[~~Durrani Empire~~]]
	\| ~~commander1~~ = [[File:Flag of ~~Bharatpur~~.svg\|~~25px~~]] [[~~Jawahar Singh~~]]~~<br>'''Supported by'''<br>~~[[~~File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg\|23px~~]] [[~~Jassa Singh Ahluwalia~~]]
	\| ~~commander2~~ = [[File:Flag of ~~the Mughal Empire~~.png\|~~25px~~]] [[~~Shah Alam II~~]]~~{{surrender}}<br>'''Supported by'''<br>{{flagicon image~~\|Flag of the Rampur State.svg}} [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]
	~~\| strength1 =~~
	~~\| strength2 =~~
	~~\| casualties1 =~~
	~~\| casualties2 =~~
	}}		}}
			{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
	The '''Battle of Delhi''' ~~(1764~~) was fought between the ~~Jat~~ ruler of [[Bharatpur State\|Bharatpur]] and the ~~Mughal rulers~~ of [[~~Mughal~~ Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book\|~~title~~=~~Proceedings, Volume 20~~\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~0EM5AAAAIAAJ~~&q=~~jawahar+najib+ud+daula~~\|~~contribution~~=~~Punjabi University~~. ~~Dept~~. ~~of Punjab Historical Studies~~\|publisher=~~Publication Bureau, Punjab~~ University\|year=~~1987~~}}</ref> ~~Maharaja Jawahar Singh of Bharatpur invaded Delhi~~{{~~Clarify~~\|~~date~~=~~July 2022}}~~ and ~~lay siege to stronghold~~ of ~~Red Fort. Military conflict between Jats and Mughals started and continued for several months and on February 1765 Mughals and Rohilas surrendered to~~ the ~~mighty~~ Jats ~~and Mughals agreed to pay war expenses to the Jats.~~		The '''Battle of Delhi (1764''') was fought between the ruler of [[Bharatpur State\|Kingdom of Bharatpur]] and the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand\|Rohilkhand Kingdom]]. [[Jawahar Singh]] of Bharatpur invaded and plundered [[Delhi]] with the military support of the [[Maratha Empire\|Marathas]] of [[House of Holkar\|Holkar dynasty]] and [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)\|Sikh cavalry]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hooja \|first=Rima \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Rajasthan \|publisher=Rupa & Company \|year=2006 \|isbn=9788129108906 \|pages=736 \|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Baker \|first=David E. U \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDRuAAAAMAAJ \|title=Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=1993 \|isbn=9780195630497 \|pages=70 \|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Pande \|first=Ram \|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_and_Political_History_of_the_Jats.html?id=jRJuAAAAMAAJ#delhi%20malhar%20rao%20holkar%201764 \|title=Social and Political History of the Jats, Bharatpur Upto 1826 \|publisher=Shodhak \|year=2006 \|pages=91 \|language=English}}</ref>

	==Background==		==Background==
	On 25 December 1763, [[Najib ad-Dawlah\|Najib-ad Daulah]] shot [[Jawahar Singh]]'s father ~~Maharaja~~ [[Suraj Mal]], ~~killing him~~. Maharaja Sawai Jawahar Singh started preparing to avenge the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Sindhia-Holkar Rivalry in Rajasthan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlJuAAAAMAAJ&q=25th+December+1763+death\|last=Misra\|first=S. C.\|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan\|year=1981}}</ref>		On 25 December 1763, [[Najib ad-Dawlah\|Najib-ad Daulah]] accidentally shot [[Jawahar Singh]]'s father [[Suraj Mal\|Maharaja Suraj Mal]], leading to his demise. Maharaja Sawai Jawahar Singh started preparing to avenge the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Sindhia-Holkar Rivalry in Rajasthan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlJuAAAAMAAJ&q=25th+December+1763+death\|last=Misra\|first=S. C.\|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan\|year=1981}}</ref> He took the help of the Maratha Raja of Indore, [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], and Sikh forces numbering between 12,000 and 15,000 men.{{Cn\|date=January 2025}}

	~~==Battle==~~
	Singh marched to Delhi with 60,000 soldiers of his own, 25,000 from [[Sikh]]s. {{Citation needed\|date=July 2021}} [[Jat people\|Jats]] plundered 12 colonies of [[Delhi]] and finally reached [[Shahjahanabad]] Fort, blocking supplies of [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]. Saharanpur and other possessions of the [[Rohilla]] Chief were plundered by the Jats. The citizens of Delhi came out of the ~~Fort to the Jat camp for corn and other supplies, it was the surrender of the city to the Jats.~~

	~~After a siege~~ of ~~several months, Najib ad-Dawlah appealed for peace but Singh was determined to take revenge for his father by severing~~ the ~~head~~ of ~~Najib ad-Dawlah. After several days~~, ~~some~~ [[~~Rohilla~~]] leaders came to Singh's camp with Zubita Khan who sought the intervention sikh. They tried to persuade Singh to make peace on the condition that the whole expenditure for war would be repaid by Najib ad-Dawlah.

	~~Singh accepted this offer~~, ~~partially insistence of his chiefs, including Balram Singh~~ and ~~Mohanram~~, and ~~returned to [[Bharatpur State\|Bharatpur]] along with Lohiya Gate and Ashtadhatu gate which had been brought to Delhi~~, ~~461 years ago, by Alauddin Khaljii after his siege of Chittorgarh Fort in 1303. These doors are located in the [[Lohagarh Fort]] of [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan\|Bharatpur]]~~.~~<ref>~~{{~~Cite book~~ \|last=Manohar \|first=Dr. Raghvendra Singh \|title=Rajasthan ke Pramukh Durg \|publisher=Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy \|year=2019 \|isbn=9789388776561 \|location= \|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Dubey \|first=Dinanath \|title=Bharat Ke Durg \|publisher=Publications Division, M/O Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India \|year=~~2014 \|isbn=9788123018928~~}}~~</ref> In February 1765 a treaty was signed on payment of Rs. 60 Lakhs as war indemnity.~~

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]		[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
	[[Category:Military history of Delhi\|Delhi 1764]]		[[Category:Military history of Delhi\|Delhi 1764]]
	[[Category:Battles involving the Jats~~\|Delhi~~]]		[[Category:1760s in the Mughal Empire]]
			[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
			[[Category:Battles involving the Jats]]

			{{India-battle-stub}}

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{{Short description|1764 battle in Delhi between the Bharatpur State and the Mughal Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
| partof = Mughal-Jat Wars
| conflict = Battle of Delhi, 1764
| date = October 1764 – February 1765
| place = [[Delhi]]
| coordinates =
| result = Bharatpur victory<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Sir Jadunath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hadHAAAAMAAJ|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol. 2|publisher=M. C. Sarkar|year=1934|pages=466–468|language=en}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur.svg|25px]] [[Bharatpur State|Kingdom of Bharatpur]] '''Supported by''' [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Sikh]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]] '''Supported by''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Rampur State.svg}} [[Rohilla]] [[File:Abdali flag.png|25px]][[Durrani Empire]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur.svg|25px]] [[Jawahar Singh]] '''Supported by''' [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Shah Alam II]]{{surrender}} '''Supported by''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Rampur State.svg}} [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

The '''Battle of Delhi''' (1764) was fought between the Jat ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] and the Mughal rulers of [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Proceedings, Volume 20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EM5AAAAIAAJ&q=jawahar+najib+ud+daula|contribution=Punjabi University. Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjab University|year=1987}}</ref> Maharaja Jawahar Singh of Bharatpur invaded Delhi{{Clarify|date=July 2022}} and lay siege to stronghold of Red Fort. Military conflict between Jats and Mughals started and continued for several months and on February 1765 Mughals and Rohilas surrendered to the mighty Jats and Mughals agreed to pay war expenses to the Jats.

==Background==
On 25 December 1763, [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ad Daulah]] shot [[Jawahar Singh]]'s father Maharaja [[Suraj Mal]], killing him. Maharaja Sawai Jawahar Singh started preparing to avenge the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sindhia-Holkar Rivalry in Rajasthan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlJuAAAAMAAJ&q=25th+December+1763+death|last=Misra|first=S. C.|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|year=1981}}</ref>

==Battle==
Singh marched to Delhi with 60,000 soldiers of his own, 25,000 from [[Sikh]]s. {{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} [[Jat people|Jats]] plundered 12 colonies of [[Delhi]] and finally reached [[Shahjahanabad]] Fort, blocking supplies of [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]. Saharanpur and other possessions of the [[Rohilla]] Chief were plundered by the Jats. The citizens of Delhi came out of the Fort to the Jat camp for corn and other supplies, it was the surrender of the city to the Jats.

After a siege of several months, Najib ad-Dawlah appealed for peace but Singh was determined to take revenge for his father by severing the head of Najib ad-Dawlah. After several days, some [[Rohilla]] leaders came to Singh's camp with Zubita Khan who sought the intervention sikh. They tried to persuade Singh to make peace on the condition that the whole expenditure for war would be repaid by Najib ad-Dawlah.

Singh accepted this offer, partially insistence of his chiefs, including Balram Singh and Mohanram, and returned to [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] along with Lohiya Gate and Ashtadhatu gate which had been brought to Delhi, 461 years ago, by Alauddin Khaljii after his siege of Chittorgarh Fort in 1303. These doors are located in the [[Lohagarh Fort]] of [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manohar |first=Dr. Raghvendra Singh |title=Rajasthan ke Pramukh Durg |publisher=Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy |year=2019 |isbn=9789388776561 |location= |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dubey |first=Dinanath |title=Bharat Ke Durg |publisher=Publications Division, M/O Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India |year=2014 |isbn=9788123018928}}</ref> In February 1765 a treaty was signed on payment of Rs. 60 Lakhs as war indemnity.

== See also ==
*[[Capture of Delhi (1753)|Plunder of Old Delhi (1753)]]
*[[Capture of Agra|Capture of Agra (1761)]]
*[[Battle of Delhi (disambiguation)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1764|Delhi 1764]]
[[Category:1764 in India]]
[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
[[Category:Military history of Delhi|Delhi 1764]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Jats|Delhi]]